[core] Fix polling_component_schema and type consistency (#12478)

Co-authored-by: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>

esphome/config_validation.py

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
     PLATFORM_ESP8266,
     PLATFORM_RP2040,
+    SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN,
     TYPE_GIT,
     TYPE_LOCAL,
     VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS,
@@ -894,7 +895,7 @@ def time_period_in_minutes_(value):
 
 def update_interval(value):
     if value == "never":
-        return 4294967295  # uint32_t max
+        return TimePeriodMilliseconds(milliseconds=SCHEDULER_DONT_RUN)
     return positive_time_period_milliseconds(value)
 
 
@@ -2009,7 +2010,7 @@ def polling_component_schema(default_update_interval):
     if default_update_interval is None:
         return COMPONENT_SCHEMA.extend(
             {
-                Required(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL): default_update_interval,
+                Required(CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL): update_interval,
             }
         )
     assert isinstance(default_update_interval, str)