Merge pull request #13459 from esphome/bump-2026.1.1

2026.1.1

Doxyfile

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.1.0
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.1.1
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -1844,23 +1844,8 @@ bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) {
     return false;
   }
 
-  // Toggle Nagle's algorithm based on message type to prevent log messages from
-  // filling the TCP send buffer and crowding out important state updates.
-  //
-  // This honors the `no_delay` proto option - SubscribeLogsResponse is the only
-  // message with `option (no_delay) = false;` in api.proto, indicating it should
-  // allow Nagle coalescing. This option existed since 2019 but was never implemented.
-  //
-  // - Log messages: Enable Nagle (NODELAY=false) so small log packets coalesce
-  //   into fewer, larger packets. They flush naturally via TCP delayed ACK timer
-  //   (~200ms), buffer filling, or when a state update triggers a flush.
-  //
-  // - All other messages (state updates, responses): Disable Nagle (NODELAY=true)
-  //   for immediate delivery. These are time-sensitive and should not be delayed.
-  //
-  // This must be done proactively BEFORE the buffer fills up - checking buffer
-  // state here would be too late since we'd already be in a degraded state.
-  this->helper_->set_nodelay(!is_log_message);
+  // Set TCP_NODELAY based on message type - see set_nodelay_for_message() for details
+  this->helper_->set_nodelay_for_message(is_log_message);
 
   APIError err = this->helper_->write_protobuf_packet(message_type, buffer);
   if (err == APIError::WOULD_BLOCK)

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -120,26 +120,39 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
     }
     return APIError::OK;
   }
-  /// Toggle TCP_NODELAY socket option to control Nagle's algorithm.
-  ///
-  /// This is used to allow log messages to coalesce (Nagle enabled) while keeping
-  /// state updates low-latency (NODELAY enabled). Without this, many small log
-  /// packets fill the TCP send buffer, crowding out important state updates.
-  ///
-  /// State is tracked to minimize setsockopt() overhead - on lwip_raw (ESP8266/RP2040)
-  /// this is just a boolean assignment; on other platforms it's a lightweight syscall.
-  ///
-  /// @param enable true to enable NODELAY (disable Nagle), false to enable Nagle
-  /// @return true if successful or already in desired state
-  bool set_nodelay(bool enable) {
-    if (this->nodelay_enabled_ == enable)
-      return true;
-    int val = enable ? 1 : 0;
-    int err = this->socket_->setsockopt(IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &val, sizeof(int));
-    if (err == 0) {
-      this->nodelay_enabled_ = enable;
+  // Manage TCP_NODELAY (Nagle's algorithm) based on message type.
+  //
+  // For non-log messages (sensor data, state updates): Always disable Nagle
+  // (NODELAY on) for immediate delivery - these are time-sensitive.
+  //
+  // For log messages: Use Nagle to coalesce multiple small log packets into
+  // fewer larger packets, reducing WiFi overhead. However, we limit batching
+  // to 3 messages to avoid excessive LWIP buffer pressure on memory-constrained
+  // devices like ESP8266. LWIP's TCP_OVERSIZE option coalesces the data into
+  // shared pbufs, but holding data too long waiting for Nagle's timer causes
+  // buffer exhaustion and dropped messages.
+  //
+  // Flow: Log 1 (Nagle on) -> Log 2 (Nagle on) -> Log 3 (NODELAY, flush all)
+  //
+  void set_nodelay_for_message(bool is_log_message) {
+    if (!is_log_message) {
+      if (this->nodelay_state_ != NODELAY_ON) {
+        this->set_nodelay_raw_(true);
+        this->nodelay_state_ = NODELAY_ON;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Log messages 1-3: state transitions -1 -> 1 -> 2 -> -1 (flush on 3rd)
+    if (this->nodelay_state_ == NODELAY_ON) {
+      this->set_nodelay_raw_(false);
+      this->nodelay_state_ = 1;
+    } else if (this->nodelay_state_ >= LOG_NAGLE_COUNT) {
+      this->set_nodelay_raw_(true);
+      this->nodelay_state_ = NODELAY_ON;
+    } else {
+      this->nodelay_state_++;
     }
-    return err == 0;
   }
   virtual APIError write_protobuf_packet(uint8_t type, ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) = 0;
   // Write multiple protobuf messages in a single operation
@@ -229,10 +242,18 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   uint8_t tx_buf_head_{0};
   uint8_t tx_buf_tail_{0};
   uint8_t tx_buf_count_{0};
-  // Tracks TCP_NODELAY state to minimize setsockopt() calls. Initialized to true
-  // since init_common_() enables NODELAY. Used by set_nodelay() to allow log
-  // messages to coalesce while keeping state updates low-latency.
-  bool nodelay_enabled_{true};
+  // Nagle batching state for log messages. NODELAY_ON (-1) means NODELAY is enabled
+  // (immediate send). Values 1-2 count log messages in the current Nagle batch.
+  // After LOG_NAGLE_COUNT logs, we switch to NODELAY to flush and reset.
+  static constexpr int8_t NODELAY_ON = -1;
+  static constexpr int8_t LOG_NAGLE_COUNT = 2;
+  int8_t nodelay_state_{NODELAY_ON};
+
+  // Internal helper to set TCP_NODELAY socket option
+  void set_nodelay_raw_(bool enable) {
+    int val = enable ? 1 : 0;
+    this->socket_->setsockopt(IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, &val, sizeof(int));
+  }
 
   // Common initialization for both plaintext and noise protocols
   APIError init_common_();

esphome/components/aqi/sensor.py

@@ -13,14 +13,11 @@ from . import AQI_CALCULATION_TYPE, CONF_CALCULATION_TYPE, aqi_ns
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jasstrong"]
 DEPENDENCIES = ["sensor"]
 
-UNIT_INDEX = "index"
-
 AQISensor = aqi_ns.class_("AQISensor", sensor.Sensor, cg.Component)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     sensor.sensor_schema(
         AQISensor,
-        unit_of_measurement=UNIT_INDEX,
         accuracy_decimals=0,
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_AQI,
         state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,

esphome/components/dht/dht.cpp

@@ -89,10 +89,8 @@ bool HOT IRAM_ATTR DHT::read_sensor_(float *temperature, float *humidity, bool r
     delayMicroseconds(500);
   } else if (this->model_ == DHT_MODEL_DHT22_TYPE2) {
     delayMicroseconds(2000);
-  } else if (this->model_ == DHT_MODEL_AM2120 || this->model_ == DHT_MODEL_AM2302) {
-    delayMicroseconds(1000);
   } else {
-    delayMicroseconds(800);
+    delayMicroseconds(1000);
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32

esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py

@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # Rotation is handled by setting the transform
     display_config = {k: v for k, v in config.items() if k != CONF_ROTATION}
     await display.register_display(var, display_config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -180,6 +180,12 @@ def set_core_data(config):
             path=[CONF_CPU_FREQUENCY],
         )
 
+    if variant == VARIANT_ESP32P4 and cpu_frequency == "400MHZ":
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "400MHz on ESP32-P4 is experimental and may not boot. "
+            "Consider using 360MHz instead. See https://github.com/esphome/esphome/issues/13425"
+        )
+
     CORE.data[KEY_ESP32] = {}
     CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM] = PLATFORM_ESP32
     conf = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]

esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/esp32_hosted_update.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <esp_ota_ops.h>
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_HOSTED_HTTP_UPDATE
+#include "esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h"
 #include "esphome/components/json/json_util.h"
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #endif
@@ -181,15 +182,23 @@ bool Esp32HostedUpdate::fetch_manifest_() {
   }
 
   // Read manifest JSON into string (manifest is small, ~1KB max)
+  // NOTE: HttpContainer::read() has non-BSD socket semantics - see http_request.h
+  // Use http_read_loop_result() helper instead of checking return values directly
   std::string json_str;
   json_str.reserve(container->content_length);
   uint8_t buf[256];
+  uint32_t last_data_time = millis();
+  const uint32_t read_timeout = this->http_request_parent_->get_timeout();
   while (container->get_bytes_read() < container->content_length) {
-    int read = container->read(buf, sizeof(buf));
-    if (read > 0) {
-      json_str.append(reinterpret_cast<char *>(buf), read);
-    }
+    int read_or_error = container->read(buf, sizeof(buf));
+    App.feed_wdt();
     yield();
+    auto result = http_request::http_read_loop_result(read_or_error, last_data_time, read_timeout);
+    if (result == http_request::HttpReadLoopResult::RETRY)
+      continue;
+    if (result != http_request::HttpReadLoopResult::DATA)
+      break;  // ERROR or TIMEOUT
+    json_str.append(reinterpret_cast<char *>(buf), read_or_error);
   }
   container->end();
 
@@ -294,32 +303,38 @@ bool Esp32HostedUpdate::stream_firmware_to_coprocessor_() {
   }
 
   // Stream firmware to coprocessor while computing SHA256
+  // NOTE: HttpContainer::read() has non-BSD socket semantics - see http_request.h
+  // Use http_read_loop_result() helper instead of checking return values directly
   sha256::SHA256 hasher;
   hasher.init();
 
   uint8_t buffer[CHUNK_SIZE];
+  uint32_t last_data_time = millis();
+  const uint32_t read_timeout = this->http_request_parent_->get_timeout();
   while (container->get_bytes_read() < total_size) {
-    int read = container->read(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+    int read_or_error = container->read(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 
     // Feed watchdog and give other tasks a chance to run
     App.feed_wdt();
     yield();
 
-    // Exit loop if no data available (stream closed or end of data)
-    if (read <= 0) {
-      if (read < 0) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Stream closed with error");
-        esp_hosted_slave_ota_end();  // NOLINT
-        container->end();
-        this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Download failed"));
-        return false;
+    auto result = http_request::http_read_loop_result(read_or_error, last_data_time, read_timeout);
+    if (result == http_request::HttpReadLoopResult::RETRY)
+      continue;
+    if (result != http_request::HttpReadLoopResult::DATA) {
+      if (result == http_request::HttpReadLoopResult::TIMEOUT) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout reading firmware data");
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading firmware data: %d", read_or_error);
       }
-      // read == 0: no more data available, exit loop
-      break;
+      esp_hosted_slave_ota_end();  // NOLINT
+      container->end();
+      this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Download failed"));
+      return false;
     }
 
-    hasher.add(buffer, read);
-    err = esp_hosted_slave_ota_write(buffer, read);  // NOLINT
+    hasher.add(buffer, read_or_error);
+    err = esp_hosted_slave_ota_write(buffer, read_or_error);  // NOLINT
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to write OTA data: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
       esp_hosted_slave_ota_end();  // NOLINT

esphome/components/fingerprint_grow/fingerprint_grow.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "fingerprint_grow.h"
+#include "esphome/core/gpio.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <cinttypes>
 
@@ -532,14 +533,21 @@ void FingerprintGrowComponent::sensor_sleep_() {
 }
 
 void FingerprintGrowComponent::dump_config() {
+  char sensing_pin_buf[GPIO_SUMMARY_MAX_LEN];
+  char power_pin_buf[GPIO_SUMMARY_MAX_LEN];
+  if (this->has_sensing_pin_) {
+    this->sensing_pin_->dump_summary(sensing_pin_buf, sizeof(sensing_pin_buf));
+  }
+  if (this->has_power_pin_) {
+    this->sensor_power_pin_->dump_summary(power_pin_buf, sizeof(power_pin_buf));
+  }
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "GROW_FINGERPRINT_READER:\n"
                 "  System Identifier Code: 0x%.4X\n"
                 "  Touch Sensing Pin: %s\n"
                 "  Sensor Power Pin: %s",
-                this->system_identifier_code_,
-                this->has_sensing_pin_ ? this->sensing_pin_->dump_summary().c_str() : "None",
-                this->has_power_pin_ ? this->sensor_power_pin_->dump_summary().c_str() : "None");
+                this->system_identifier_code_, this->has_sensing_pin_ ? sensing_pin_buf : "None",
+                this->has_power_pin_ ? power_pin_buf : "None");
   if (this->idle_period_to_sleep_ms_ < UINT32_MAX) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Idle Period to Sleep: %" PRIu32 " ms", this->idle_period_to_sleep_ms_);
   } else {

esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py

@@ -157,6 +157,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     if CORE.is_esp32:
         cg.add(var.set_buffer_size_rx(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE_RX]))
         cg.add(var.set_buffer_size_tx(config[CONF_BUFFER_SIZE_TX]))
+        cg.add(var.set_verify_ssl(config[CONF_VERIFY_SSL]))
 
         if config.get(CONF_VERIFY_SSL):
             esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True)

esphome/components/http_request/http_request.h

@@ -79,6 +79,81 @@ inline bool is_redirect(int const status) {
  */
 inline bool is_success(int const status) { return status >= HTTP_STATUS_OK && status < HTTP_STATUS_MULTIPLE_CHOICES; }
 
+/*
+ * HTTP Container Read Semantics
+ * =============================
+ *
+ * IMPORTANT: These semantics differ from standard BSD sockets!
+ *
+ * BSD socket read() returns:
+ *   > 0: bytes read
+ *   == 0: connection closed (EOF)
+ *   < 0: error (check errno)
+ *
+ * HttpContainer::read() returns:
+ *   > 0: bytes read successfully
+ *   == 0: no data available yet OR all content read
+ *         (caller should check bytes_read vs content_length)
+ *   < 0: error or connection closed (caller should EXIT)
+ *        HTTP_ERROR_CONNECTION_CLOSED (-1) = connection closed prematurely
+ *        other negative values = platform-specific errors
+ *
+ * Platform behaviors:
+ *   - ESP-IDF: blocking reads, 0 only returned when all content read
+ *   - Arduino: non-blocking, 0 means "no data yet" or "all content read"
+ *
+ * Use the helper functions below instead of checking return values directly:
+ *   - http_read_loop_result(): for manual loops with per-chunk processing
+ *   - http_read_fully(): for simple "read N bytes into buffer" operations
+ */
+
+/// Error code returned by HttpContainer::read() when connection closed prematurely
+/// NOTE: Unlike BSD sockets where 0 means EOF, here 0 means "no data yet, retry"
+static constexpr int HTTP_ERROR_CONNECTION_CLOSED = -1;
+
+/// Status of a read operation
+enum class HttpReadStatus : uint8_t {
+  OK,       ///< Read completed successfully
+  ERROR,    ///< Read error occurred
+  TIMEOUT,  ///< Timeout waiting for data
+};
+
+/// Result of an HTTP read operation
+struct HttpReadResult {
+  HttpReadStatus status;  ///< Status of the read operation
+  int error_code;         ///< Error code from read() on failure, 0 on success
+};
+
+/// Result of processing a non-blocking read with timeout (for manual loops)
+enum class HttpReadLoopResult : uint8_t {
+  DATA,     ///< Data was read, process it
+  RETRY,    ///< No data yet, already delayed, caller should continue loop
+  ERROR,    ///< Read error, caller should exit loop
+  TIMEOUT,  ///< Timeout waiting for data, caller should exit loop
+};
+
+/// Process a read result with timeout tracking and delay handling
+/// @param bytes_read_or_error Return value from read() - positive for bytes read, negative for error
+/// @param last_data_time Time of last successful read, updated when data received
+/// @param timeout_ms Maximum time to wait for data
+/// @return DATA if data received, RETRY if should continue loop, ERROR/TIMEOUT if should exit
+inline HttpReadLoopResult http_read_loop_result(int bytes_read_or_error, uint32_t &last_data_time,
+                                                uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+  if (bytes_read_or_error > 0) {
+    last_data_time = millis();
+    return HttpReadLoopResult::DATA;
+  }
+  if (bytes_read_or_error < 0) {
+    return HttpReadLoopResult::ERROR;
+  }
+  // bytes_read_or_error == 0: no data available yet
+  if (millis() - last_data_time >= timeout_ms) {
+    return HttpReadLoopResult::TIMEOUT;
+  }
+  delay(1);  // Small delay to prevent tight spinning
+  return HttpReadLoopResult::RETRY;
+}
+
 class HttpRequestComponent;
 
 class HttpContainer : public Parented<HttpRequestComponent> {
@@ -88,6 +163,33 @@ class HttpContainer : public Parented<HttpRequestComponent> {
   int status_code;
   uint32_t duration_ms;
 
+  /**
+   * @brief Read data from the HTTP response body.
+   *
+   * WARNING: These semantics differ from BSD sockets!
+   * BSD sockets: 0 = EOF (connection closed)
+   * This method: 0 = no data yet OR all content read, negative = error/closed
+   *
+   * @param buf Buffer to read data into
+   * @param max_len Maximum number of bytes to read
+   * @return
+   *   - > 0: Number of bytes read successfully
+   *   - 0: No data available yet OR all content read
+   *        (check get_bytes_read() >= content_length to distinguish)
+   *   - HTTP_ERROR_CONNECTION_CLOSED (-1): Connection closed prematurely
+   *   - < -1: Other error (platform-specific error code)
+   *
+   * Platform notes:
+   *   - ESP-IDF: blocking read, 0 only when all content read
+   *   - Arduino: non-blocking, 0 can mean "no data yet" or "all content read"
+   *
+   * Use get_bytes_read() and content_length to track progress.
+   * When get_bytes_read() >= content_length, all data has been received.
+   *
+   * IMPORTANT: Do not use raw return values directly. Use these helpers:
+   *   - http_read_loop_result(): for loops with per-chunk processing
+   *   - http_read_fully(): for simple "read N bytes" operations
+   */
   virtual int read(uint8_t *buf, size_t max_len) = 0;
   virtual void end() = 0;
 
@@ -110,6 +212,38 @@ class HttpContainer : public Parented<HttpRequestComponent> {
   std::map<std::string, std::list<std::string>> response_headers_{};
 };
 
+/// Read data from HTTP container into buffer with timeout handling
+/// Handles feed_wdt, yield, and timeout checking internally
+/// @param container The HTTP container to read from
+/// @param buffer Buffer to read into
+/// @param total_size Total bytes to read
+/// @param chunk_size Maximum bytes per read call
+/// @param timeout_ms Read timeout in milliseconds
+/// @return HttpReadResult with status and error_code on failure
+inline HttpReadResult http_read_fully(HttpContainer *container, uint8_t *buffer, size_t total_size, size_t chunk_size,
+                                      uint32_t timeout_ms) {
+  size_t read_index = 0;
+  uint32_t last_data_time = millis();
+
+  while (read_index < total_size) {
+    int read_bytes_or_error = container->read(buffer + read_index, std::min(chunk_size, total_size - read_index));
+
+    App.feed_wdt();
+    yield();
+
+    auto result = http_read_loop_result(read_bytes_or_error, last_data_time, timeout_ms);
+    if (result == HttpReadLoopResult::RETRY)
+      continue;
+    if (result == HttpReadLoopResult::ERROR)
+      return {HttpReadStatus::ERROR, read_bytes_or_error};
+    if (result == HttpReadLoopResult::TIMEOUT)
+      return {HttpReadStatus::TIMEOUT, 0};
+
+    read_index += read_bytes_or_error;
+  }
+  return {HttpReadStatus::OK, 0};
+}
+
 class HttpRequestResponseTrigger : public Trigger<std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer>, std::string &> {
  public:
   void process(const std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> &container, std::string &response_body) {
@@ -124,6 +258,7 @@ class HttpRequestComponent : public Component {
 
   void set_useragent(const char *useragent) { this->useragent_ = useragent; }
   void set_timeout(uint32_t timeout) { this->timeout_ = timeout; }
+  uint32_t get_timeout() const { return this->timeout_; }
   void set_watchdog_timeout(uint32_t watchdog_timeout) { this->watchdog_timeout_ = watchdog_timeout; }
   uint32_t get_watchdog_timeout() const { return this->watchdog_timeout_; }
   void set_follow_redirects(bool follow_redirects) { this->follow_redirects_ = follow_redirects; }
@@ -249,15 +384,21 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HttpRequestSendAction : public Action<Ts...> {
       RAMAllocator<uint8_t> allocator;
       uint8_t *buf = allocator.allocate(max_length);
       if (buf != nullptr) {
+        // NOTE: HttpContainer::read() has non-BSD socket semantics - see top of this file
+        // Use http_read_loop_result() helper instead of checking return values directly
         size_t read_index = 0;
+        uint32_t last_data_time = millis();
+        const uint32_t read_timeout = this->parent_->get_timeout();
         while (container->get_bytes_read() < max_length) {
-          int read = container->read(buf + read_index, std::min<size_t>(max_length - read_index, 512));
-          if (read <= 0) {
-            break;
-          }
+          int read_or_error = container->read(buf + read_index, std::min<size_t>(max_length - read_index, 512));
           App.feed_wdt();
           yield();
-          read_index += read;
+          auto result = http_read_loop_result(read_or_error, last_data_time, read_timeout);
+          if (result == HttpReadLoopResult::RETRY)
+            continue;
+          if (result != HttpReadLoopResult::DATA)
+            break;  // ERROR or TIMEOUT
+          read_index += read_or_error;
         }
         response_body.reserve(read_index);
         response_body.assign((char *) buf, read_index);

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_arduino.cpp

@@ -139,6 +139,23 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestArduino::perform(const std::string &ur
   return container;
 }
 
+// Arduino HTTP read implementation
+//
+// WARNING: Return values differ from BSD sockets! See http_request.h for full documentation.
+//
+// Arduino's WiFiClient is inherently non-blocking - available() returns 0 when
+// no data is ready. We use connected() to distinguish "no data yet" from
+// "connection closed".
+//
+// WiFiClient behavior:
+//   available() > 0: data ready to read
+//   available() == 0 && connected(): no data yet, still connected
+//   available() == 0 && !connected(): connection closed
+//
+// We normalize to HttpContainer::read() contract (NOT BSD socket semantics!):
+//   > 0: bytes read
+//   0: no data yet, retry            <-- NOTE: 0 means retry, NOT EOF!
+//   < 0: error/connection closed     <-- connection closed returns -1, not 0
 int HttpContainerArduino::read(uint8_t *buf, size_t max_len) {
   const uint32_t start = millis();
   watchdog::WatchdogManager wdm(this->parent_->get_watchdog_timeout());
@@ -146,7 +163,7 @@ int HttpContainerArduino::read(uint8_t *buf, size_t max_len) {
   WiFiClient *stream_ptr = this->client_.getStreamPtr();
   if (stream_ptr == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Stream pointer vanished!");
-    return -1;
+    return HTTP_ERROR_CONNECTION_CLOSED;
   }
 
   int available_data = stream_ptr->available();
@@ -154,7 +171,15 @@ int HttpContainerArduino::read(uint8_t *buf, size_t max_len) {
 
   if (bufsize == 0) {
     this->duration_ms += (millis() - start);
-    return 0;
+    // Check if we've read all expected content
+    if (this->bytes_read_ >= this->content_length) {
+      return 0;  // All content read successfully
+    }
+    // No data available - check if connection is still open
+    if (!stream_ptr->connected()) {
+      return HTTP_ERROR_CONNECTION_CLOSED;  // Connection closed prematurely
+    }
+    return 0;  // No data yet, caller should retry
   }
 
   App.feed_wdt();

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
   config.max_redirection_count = this->redirect_limit_;
   config.auth_type = HTTP_AUTH_TYPE_BASIC;
 #if CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE
-  if (secure) {
+  if (secure && this->verify_ssl_) {
     config.crt_bundle_attach = esp_crt_bundle_attach;
   }
 #endif
@@ -209,26 +209,57 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
   return container;
 }
 
+// ESP-IDF HTTP read implementation (blocking mode)
+//
+// WARNING: Return values differ from BSD sockets! See http_request.h for full documentation.
+//
+// esp_http_client_read() in blocking mode returns:
+//   > 0: bytes read
+//   0: connection closed (end of stream)
+//   < 0: error
+//
+// We normalize to HttpContainer::read() contract:
+//   > 0: bytes read
+//   0: no data yet / all content read (caller should check bytes_read vs content_length)
+//   < 0: error/connection closed
 int HttpContainerIDF::read(uint8_t *buf, size_t max_len) {
   const uint32_t start = millis();
   watchdog::WatchdogManager wdm(this->parent_->get_watchdog_timeout());
 
-  this->feed_wdt();
-  int read_len = esp_http_client_read(this->client_, (char *) buf, max_len);
-  this->feed_wdt();
-  if (read_len > 0) {
-    this->bytes_read_ += read_len;
+  // Check if we've already read all expected content
+  if (this->bytes_read_ >= this->content_length) {
+    return 0;  // All content read successfully
   }
+
+  this->feed_wdt();
+  int read_len_or_error = esp_http_client_read(this->client_, (char *) buf, max_len);
+  this->feed_wdt();
+
   this->duration_ms += (millis() - start);
 
-  return read_len;
+  if (read_len_or_error > 0) {
+    this->bytes_read_ += read_len_or_error;
+    return read_len_or_error;
+  }
+
+  // Connection closed by server before all content received
+  if (read_len_or_error == 0) {
+    return HTTP_ERROR_CONNECTION_CLOSED;
+  }
+
+  // Negative value - error, return the actual error code for debugging
+  return read_len_or_error;
 }
 
 void HttpContainerIDF::end() {
+  if (this->client_ == nullptr) {
+    return;  // Already cleaned up
+  }
   watchdog::WatchdogManager wdm(this->parent_->get_watchdog_timeout());
 
   esp_http_client_close(this->client_);
   esp_http_client_cleanup(this->client_);
+  this->client_ = nullptr;
 }
 
 void HttpContainerIDF::feed_wdt() {

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ class HttpRequestIDF : public HttpRequestComponent {
 
   void set_buffer_size_rx(uint16_t buffer_size_rx) { this->buffer_size_rx_ = buffer_size_rx; }
   void set_buffer_size_tx(uint16_t buffer_size_tx) { this->buffer_size_tx_ = buffer_size_tx; }
+  void set_verify_ssl(bool verify_ssl) { this->verify_ssl_ = verify_ssl; }
 
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ class HttpRequestIDF : public HttpRequestComponent {
   // if zero ESP-IDF will use DEFAULT_HTTP_BUF_SIZE
   uint16_t buffer_size_rx_{};
   uint16_t buffer_size_tx_{};
+  bool verify_ssl_{true};
 
   /// @brief Monitors the http client events to gather response headers
   static esp_err_t http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt);

esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

@@ -115,39 +115,47 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
     return error_code;
   }
 
+  // NOTE: HttpContainer::read() has non-BSD socket semantics - see http_request.h
+  // Use http_read_loop_result() helper instead of checking return values directly
+  uint32_t last_data_time = millis();
+  const uint32_t read_timeout = this->parent_->get_timeout();
+
   while (container->get_bytes_read() < container->content_length) {
-    // read a maximum of chunk_size bytes into buf. (real read size returned)
-    int bufsize = container->read(buf, OtaHttpRequestComponent::HTTP_RECV_BUFFER);
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "bytes_read_ = %u, body_length_ = %u, bufsize = %i", container->get_bytes_read(),
-              container->content_length, bufsize);
+    // read a maximum of chunk_size bytes into buf. (real read size returned, or negative error code)
+    int bufsize_or_error = container->read(buf, OtaHttpRequestComponent::HTTP_RECV_BUFFER);
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "bytes_read_ = %u, body_length_ = %u, bufsize_or_error = %i", container->get_bytes_read(),
+              container->content_length, bufsize_or_error);
 
     // feed watchdog and give other tasks a chance to run
     App.feed_wdt();
     yield();
 
-    // Exit loop if no data available (stream closed or end of data)
-    if (bufsize <= 0) {
-      if (bufsize < 0) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Stream closed with error");
-        this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
-        return OTA_CONNECTION_ERROR;
+    auto result = http_read_loop_result(bufsize_or_error, last_data_time, read_timeout);
+    if (result == HttpReadLoopResult::RETRY)
+      continue;
+    if (result != HttpReadLoopResult::DATA) {
+      if (result == HttpReadLoopResult::TIMEOUT) {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout reading data");
+      } else {
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading data: %d", bufsize_or_error);
       }
-      // bufsize == 0: no more data available, exit loop
-      break;
+      this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
+      return OTA_CONNECTION_ERROR;
     }
 
-    if (bufsize <= OtaHttpRequestComponent::HTTP_RECV_BUFFER) {
+    // At this point bufsize_or_error > 0, so it's a valid size
+    if (bufsize_or_error <= OtaHttpRequestComponent::HTTP_RECV_BUFFER) {
       // add read bytes to MD5
-      md5_receive.add(buf, bufsize);
+      md5_receive.add(buf, bufsize_or_error);
 
       // write bytes to OTA backend
       this->update_started_ = true;
-      error_code = backend->write(buf, bufsize);
+      error_code = backend->write(buf, bufsize_or_error);
       if (error_code != ota::OTA_RESPONSE_OK) {
         // error code explanation available at
         // https://github.com/esphome/esphome/blob/dev/esphome/components/ota/ota_backend.h
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error code (%02X) writing binary data to flash at offset %d and size %d", error_code,
-                 container->get_bytes_read() - bufsize, container->content_length);
+                 container->get_bytes_read() - bufsize_or_error, container->content_length);
         this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
         return error_code;
       }
@@ -244,19 +252,19 @@ bool OtaHttpRequestComponent::http_get_md5_() {
   }
 
   this->md5_expected_.resize(MD5_SIZE);
-  int read_len = 0;
-  while (container->get_bytes_read() < MD5_SIZE) {
-    read_len = container->read((uint8_t *) this->md5_expected_.data(), MD5_SIZE);
-    if (read_len <= 0) {
-      break;
-    }
-    App.feed_wdt();
-    yield();
-  }
+  auto result = http_read_fully(container.get(), (uint8_t *) this->md5_expected_.data(), MD5_SIZE, MD5_SIZE,
+                                this->parent_->get_timeout());
   container->end();
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Read len: %u, MD5 expected: %u", read_len, MD5_SIZE);
-  return read_len == MD5_SIZE;
+  if (result.status != HttpReadStatus::OK) {
+    if (result.status == HttpReadStatus::TIMEOUT) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout reading MD5");
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading MD5: %d", result.error_code);
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
 }
 
 bool OtaHttpRequestComponent::validate_url_(const std::string &url) {

esphome/components/http_request/update/http_request_update.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,12 @@ namespace http_request {
 
 // The update function runs in a task only on ESP32s.
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-#define UPDATE_RETURN vTaskDelete(nullptr)  // Delete the current update task
+// vTaskDelete doesn't return, but clang-tidy doesn't know that
+#define UPDATE_RETURN \
+  do { \
+    vTaskDelete(nullptr); \
+    __builtin_unreachable(); \
+  } while (0)
 #else
 #define UPDATE_RETURN return
 #endif
@@ -70,19 +75,21 @@ void HttpRequestUpdate::update_task(void *params) {
     UPDATE_RETURN;
   }
 
-  size_t read_index = 0;
-  while (container->get_bytes_read() < container->content_length) {
-    int read_bytes = container->read(data + read_index, MAX_READ_SIZE);
-
-    yield();
-
-    if (read_bytes <= 0) {
-      // Network error or connection closed - break to avoid infinite loop
-      break;
+  auto read_result = http_read_fully(container.get(), data, container->content_length, MAX_READ_SIZE,
+                                     this_update->request_parent_->get_timeout());
+  if (read_result.status != HttpReadStatus::OK) {
+    if (read_result.status == HttpReadStatus::TIMEOUT) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Timeout reading manifest");
+    } else {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error reading manifest: %d", read_result.error_code);
     }
-
-    read_index += read_bytes;
+    // Defer to main loop to avoid race condition on component_state_ read-modify-write
+    this_update->defer([this_update]() { this_update->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to read manifest")); });
+    allocator.deallocate(data, container->content_length);
+    container->end();
+    UPDATE_RETURN;
   }
+  size_t read_index = container->get_bytes_read();
 
   bool valid = false;
   {  // Ensures the response string falls out of scope and deallocates before the task ends

esphome/components/ili9xxx/display.py

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], rhs)
 
     await display.register_display(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))
     if init_sequences := config.get(CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE):

esphome/components/lvgl/widgets/dropdown.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+from esphome import codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_OPTIONS
 
@@ -24,6 +25,34 @@ from .label import CONF_LABEL
 CONF_DROPDOWN = "dropdown"
 CONF_DROPDOWN_LIST = "dropdown_list"
 
+# Example valid dropdown symbol (left arrow) for error messages
+EXAMPLE_DROPDOWN_SYMBOL = "\U00002190"  # ←
+
+
+def dropdown_symbol_validator(value):
+    """
+    Validate that the dropdown symbol is a single Unicode character
+    with a codepoint of 0x100 (256) or greater.
+    This is required because LVGL uses codepoints below 0x100 for internal symbols.
+    """
+    value = cv.string(value)
+    # len(value) counts Unicode code points, not grapheme clusters or bytes
+    if len(value) != 1:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Dropdown symbol must be a single character, got '{value}' with length {len(value)}"
+        )
+    codepoint = ord(value)
+    if codepoint < 0x100:
+        # Format the example symbol as a Unicode escape for the error message
+        example_escape = f"\\U{ord(EXAMPLE_DROPDOWN_SYMBOL):08X}"
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Dropdown symbol must have a Unicode codepoint of 0x100 (256) or greater. "
+            f"'{value}' has codepoint {codepoint} (0x{codepoint:X}). "
+            f"Use a character like '{example_escape}' ({EXAMPLE_DROPDOWN_SYMBOL}) or other Unicode symbols with codepoint >= 0x100."
+        )
+    return value
+
+
 lv_dropdown_t = LvSelect("LvDropdownType", parents=(LvCompound,))
 
 lv_dropdown_list_t = LvType("lv_dropdown_list_t")
@@ -33,7 +62,7 @@ dropdown_list_spec = WidgetType(
 
 DROPDOWN_BASE_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.Optional(CONF_SYMBOL): lv_text,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SYMBOL): dropdown_symbol_validator,
         cv.Exclusive(CONF_SELECTED_INDEX, CONF_SELECTED_TEXT): lv_int,
         cv.Exclusive(CONF_SELECTED_TEXT, CONF_SELECTED_TEXT): lv_text,
         cv.Optional(CONF_DROPDOWN_LIST): part_schema(dropdown_list_spec.parts),
@@ -70,7 +99,7 @@ class DropdownType(WidgetType):
         if options := config.get(CONF_OPTIONS):
             lv_add(w.var.set_options(options))
         if symbol := config.get(CONF_SYMBOL):
-            lv.dropdown_set_symbol(w.var.obj, await lv_text.process(symbol))
+            lv.dropdown_set_symbol(w.var.obj, cg.safe_exp(symbol))
         if (selected := config.get(CONF_SELECTED_INDEX)) is not None:
             value = await lv_int.process(selected)
             lv_add(w.var.set_selected_index(value, literal("LV_ANIM_OFF")))

esphome/components/max7219/display.py

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_num_chips(config[CONF_NUM_CHIPS]))

esphome/components/max7219digit/display.py

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
     await display.register_display(var, config)
 
     cg.add(var.set_num_chips(config[CONF_NUM_CHIPS]))

esphome/components/mipi_rgb/display.py

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_enable_pins(enable))
 
     if CONF_SPI_ID in config:
-        await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+        await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
         sequence, madctl = model.get_sequence(config)
         cg.add(var.set_init_sequence(sequence))
         cg.add(var.set_madctl(madctl))

esphome/components/mipi_spi/display.py

@@ -443,6 +443,4 @@ async def to_code(config):
         )
         cg.add(var.set_writer(lambda_))
     await display.register_display(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
-    # Displays are write-only, set the SPI device to write-only as well
-    cg.add(var.set_write_only(True))
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)

esphome/components/pcd8544/display.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
 
     await display.register_display(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/qspi_dbi/display.py

@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     chip = DriverChip.chips[config[CONF_MODEL]]
     if chip.initsequence:

esphome/components/spi/__init__.py

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core", "@clydebarrow"]
 spi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("spi")
@@ -448,9 +449,13 @@ def spi_device_schema(
     )
 
 
-async def register_spi_device(var, config):
+async def register_spi_device(
+    var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType, write_only: bool = False
+) -> None:
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_SPI_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_spi_parent(parent))
+    if write_only:
+        cg.add(var.set_write_only(True))
     if cs_pin := config.get(CONF_CS_PIN):
         pin = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(cs_pin)
         cg.add(var.set_cs_pin(pin))

esphome/components/spi/spi_esp_idf.cpp

@@ -195,8 +195,11 @@ class SPIDelegateHw : public SPIDelegate {
     config.post_cb = nullptr;
     if (this->bit_order_ == BIT_ORDER_LSB_FIRST)
       config.flags |= SPI_DEVICE_BIT_LSBFIRST;
-    if (this->write_only_)
+    if (this->write_only_) {
       config.flags |= SPI_DEVICE_HALFDUPLEX | SPI_DEVICE_NO_DUMMY;
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "SPI device with CS pin %d using half-duplex mode (write-only)",
+               Utility::get_pin_no(this->cs_pin_));
+    }
     esp_err_t const err = spi_bus_add_device(this->channel_, &config, &this->handle_);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Add device failed - err %X", err);

esphome/components/ssd1306_spi/display.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1306_base.setup_ssd1306(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/ssd1322_spi/display.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1322_base.setup_ssd1322(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/ssd1325_spi/display.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1325_base.setup_ssd1325(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/ssd1327_spi/display.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1327_base.setup_ssd1327(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/ssd1331_spi/display.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1331_base.setup_ssd1331(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/ssd1351_spi/display.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await ssd1351_base.setup_ssd1351(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/st7567_spi/display.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await st7567_base.setup_st7567(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/st7701s/display.py

@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     sequence = []
     for seq in config[CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE]:

esphome/components/st7735/display.py

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         config[CONF_INVERT_COLORS],
     )
     await setup_st7735(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/st7789v/display.py

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await display.register_display(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     cg.add(var.set_model_str(config[CONF_MODEL]))
 

esphome/components/st7920/display.py

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
 
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     if CONF_LAMBDA in config:
         lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(

esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.cpp

@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ void RealTimeClock::synchronize_epoch_(uint32_t epoch) {
     // Unsigned subtraction handles wraparound correctly, then cast to signed
     int32_t diff = static_cast<int32_t>(epoch - static_cast<uint32_t>(current_time));
     if (diff >= -1 && diff <= 1) {
+      // Time is already synchronized, but still call callbacks so components
+      // waiting for time sync (e.g., uptime timestamp sensor) can initialize
+      this->time_sync_callback_.call();
       return;
     }
   }

esphome/components/waveshare_epaper/display.py

@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     await display.register_display(var, config)
-    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
+    await spi.register_spi_device(var, config, write_only=True)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
     cg.add(var.set_dc_pin(dc))

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp

@@ -565,6 +565,11 @@ void WiFiComponent::start() {
 void WiFiComponent::restart_adapter() {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Restarting adapter");
   this->wifi_mode_(false, {});
+  // Clear error flag here because restart_adapter() enters COOLDOWN state,
+  // and check_connecting_finished() is called after cooldown without going
+  // through start_connecting() first. Without this clear, stale errors would
+  // trigger spurious "failed (callback)" logs. The canonical clear location
+  // is in start_connecting(); this is the only exception to that pattern.
   this->error_from_callback_ = false;
 }
 
@@ -618,8 +623,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::loop() {
         if (!this->is_connected()) {
           ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Connection lost; reconnecting");
           this->state_ = WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_STA_CONNECTING;
-          // Clear error flag before reconnecting so first attempt is not seen as immediate failure
-          this->error_from_callback_ = false;
           this->retry_connect();
         } else {
           this->status_clear_warning();
@@ -963,6 +966,12 @@ void WiFiComponent::start_connecting(const WiFiAP &ap) {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "  Hidden: %s", YESNO(ap.get_hidden()));
 #endif
 
+  // Clear any stale error from previous connection attempt.
+  // This is the canonical location for clearing the flag since all connection
+  // attempts go through start_connecting(). The only other clear is in
+  // restart_adapter() which enters COOLDOWN without calling start_connecting().
+  this->error_from_callback_ = false;
+
   if (!this->wifi_sta_connect_(ap)) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "wifi_sta_connect_ failed");
     // Enter cooldown to allow WiFi hardware to stabilize
@@ -1068,7 +1077,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::enable() {
     return;
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Enabling");
-  this->error_from_callback_ = false;
   this->state_ = WIFI_COMPONENT_STATE_OFF;
   this->start();
 }
@@ -1329,11 +1337,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::check_connecting_finished(uint32_t now) {
     // Reset to initial phase on successful connection (don't log transition, just reset state)
     this->retry_phase_ = WiFiRetryPhase::INITIAL_CONNECT;
     this->num_retried_ = 0;
-    // Ensure next connection attempt does not inherit error state
-    // so when WiFi disconnects later we start fresh and don't see
-    // the first connection as a failure.
-    this->error_from_callback_ = false;
-
     if (this->has_ap()) {
 #ifdef USE_CAPTIVE_PORTAL
       if (this->is_captive_portal_active_()) {
@@ -1844,8 +1847,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::retry_connect() {
     this->advance_to_next_target_or_increment_retry_();
   }
 
-  this->error_from_callback_ = false;
-
   yield();
   // Check if we have a valid target before building params
   // After exhausting all networks in a phase, selected_sta_index_ may be -1
@@ -2171,7 +2172,6 @@ void WiFiComponent::process_roaming_scan_() {
   this->roaming_state_ = RoamingState::CONNECTING;
 
   // Connect directly - wifi_sta_connect_ handles disconnect internally
-  this->error_from_callback_ = false;
   this->start_connecting(roam_params);
 }
 

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_esp_idf.cpp

@@ -827,16 +827,17 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(IDFWiFiEvent *data) {
     }
 
     uint16_t number = it.number;
-    auto records = std::make_unique<wifi_ap_record_t[]>(number);
-    err = esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_records(&number, records.get());
-    if (err != ESP_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_records failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
-      return;
-    }
-
     scan_result_.init(number);
-    for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
-      auto &record = records[i];
+
+    // Process one record at a time to avoid large buffer allocation
+    wifi_ap_record_t record;
+    for (uint16_t i = 0; i < number; i++) {
+      err = esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_record(&record);
+      if (err != ESP_OK) {
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_wifi_scan_get_ap_record failed: %s", esp_err_to_name(err));
+        esp_wifi_clear_ap_list();  // Free remaining records not yet retrieved
+        break;
+      }
       bssid_t bssid;
       std::copy(record.bssid, record.bssid + 6, bssid.begin());
       std::string ssid(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(record.ssid));

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component_libretiny.cpp

@@ -460,13 +460,15 @@ void WiFiComponent::wifi_process_event_(LTWiFiEvent *event) {
         listener->on_wifi_connect_state(StringRef(it.ssid, it.ssid_len), it.bssid);
       }
 #endif
-      // For static IP configurations, GOT_IP event may not fire, so notify IP listeners here
-#if defined(USE_WIFI_IP_STATE_LISTENERS) && defined(USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP)
+      // For static IP configurations, GOT_IP event may not fire, so set connected state here
+#ifdef USE_WIFI_MANUAL_IP
       if (const WiFiAP *config = this->get_selected_sta_(); config && config->get_manual_ip().has_value()) {
         s_sta_state = LTWiFiSTAState::CONNECTED;
+#ifdef USE_WIFI_IP_STATE_LISTENERS
         for (auto *listener : this->ip_state_listeners_) {
           listener->on_ip_state(this->wifi_sta_ip_addresses(), this->get_dns_address(0), this->get_dns_address(1));
         }
+#endif
       }
 #endif
       break;

esphome/const.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from enum import Enum
 
 from esphome.enum import StrEnum
 
-__version__ = "2026.1.0"
+__version__ = "2026.1.1"
 
 ALLOWED_NAME_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_"
 VALID_SUBSTITUTIONS_CHARACTERS = (