[web_server_base] Update ESPAsyncWebServer to 3.9.5 (#13467)

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Swoboda <154711427+swoboda1337@users.noreply.github.com>

.clang-tidy.hash

@@ -1 +1 @@
-15dc295268b2dcf75942f42759b3ddec64eba89f75525698eb39c95a7f4b14ce
+a172e2f65981e98354cc6b5ecf69bdb055dd13602226042ab2c7acd037a2bf41

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@19b2f06db2b6f5108140aeb04014ef02b648f789 # v4.31.11
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@b20883b0cd1f46c72ae0ba6d1090936928f9fa30 # v4.32.0
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@19b2f06db2b6f5108140aeb04014ef02b648f789 # v4.31.11
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@b20883b0cd1f46c72ae0ba6d1090936928f9fa30 # v4.32.0
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -133,8 +133,8 @@ void APIConnection::start() {
     return;
   }
   // Initialize client name with peername (IP address) until Hello message provides actual name
-  char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-  this->helper_->set_client_name(this->helper_->get_peername_to(peername), strlen(peername));
+  const char *peername = this->helper_->get_client_peername();
+  this->helper_->set_client_name(peername, strlen(peername));
 }
 
 APIConnection::~APIConnection() {
@@ -179,8 +179,8 @@ void APIConnection::begin_iterator_(ActiveIterator type) {
 
 void APIConnection::loop() {
   if (this->flags_.next_close) {
-    // requested a disconnect - don't close socket here, let APIServer::loop() do it
-    // so getpeername() still works for the disconnect trigger
+    // requested a disconnect
+    this->helper_->close();
     this->flags_.remove = true;
     return;
   }
@@ -293,8 +293,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_disconnect_response(const DisconnectRequest &msg) {
   return this->send_message(resp, DisconnectResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 }
 void APIConnection::on_disconnect_response(const DisconnectResponse &value) {
-  // Don't close socket here, let APIServer::loop() do it
-  // so getpeername() still works for the disconnect trigger
+  this->helper_->close();
   this->flags_.remove = true;
 }
 
@@ -1525,11 +1524,8 @@ void APIConnection::complete_authentication_() {
   this->flags_.connection_state = static_cast<uint8_t>(ConnectionState::AUTHENTICATED);
   this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, LOG_STR("connected"));
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER
-  {
-    char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-    this->parent_->get_client_connected_trigger()->trigger(std::string(this->helper_->get_client_name()),
-                                                           std::string(this->helper_->get_peername_to(peername)));
-  }
+  this->parent_->get_client_connected_trigger()->trigger(std::string(this->helper_->get_client_name()),
+                                                         std::string(this->helper_->get_client_peername()));
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
   if (homeassistant::global_homeassistant_time != nullptr) {
@@ -1548,9 +1544,8 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) {
   this->helper_->set_client_name(msg.client_info.c_str(), msg.client_info.size());
   this->client_api_version_major_ = msg.api_version_major;
   this->client_api_version_minor_ = msg.api_version_minor;
-  char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Hello from client: '%s' | %s | API Version %" PRIu32 ".%" PRIu32, this->helper_->get_client_name(),
-           this->helper_->get_peername_to(peername), this->client_api_version_major_, this->client_api_version_minor_);
+           this->helper_->get_client_peername(), this->client_api_version_major_, this->client_api_version_minor_);
 
   HelloResponse resp;
   resp.api_version_major = 1;
@@ -1867,8 +1862,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_no_setup_connection() {
   this->log_client_(ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, LOG_STR("no connection setup"));
 }
 void APIConnection::on_fatal_error() {
-  // Don't close socket here - keep it open so getpeername() works for logging
-  // Socket will be closed when client is removed from the list in APIServer::loop()
+  this->helper_->close();
   this->flags_.remove = true;
 }
 
@@ -2224,14 +2218,12 @@ void APIConnection::process_state_subscriptions_() {
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 
 void APIConnection::log_client_(int level, const LogString *message) {
-  char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
   esp_log_printf_(level, TAG, __LINE__, ESPHOME_LOG_FORMAT("%s (%s): %s"), this->helper_->get_client_name(),
-                  this->helper_->get_peername_to(peername), LOG_STR_ARG(message));
+                  this->helper_->get_client_peername(), LOG_STR_ARG(message));
 }
 
 void APIConnection::log_warning_(const LogString *message, APIError err) {
-  char peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s (%s): %s %s errno=%d", this->helper_->get_client_name(), this->helper_->get_peername_to(peername),
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "%s (%s): %s %s errno=%d", this->helper_->get_client_name(), this->helper_->get_client_peername(),
            LOG_STR_ARG(message), LOG_STR_ARG(api_error_to_logstr(err)), errno);
 }
 

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -281,10 +281,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) override;
 
   const char *get_name() const { return this->helper_->get_client_name(); }
-  /// Get peer name (IP address) into caller-provided buffer, returns buf for convenience
-  const char *get_peername_to(std::span<char, socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) const {
-    return this->helper_->get_peername_to(buf);
-  }
+  /// Get peer name (IP address) - cached at connection init time
+  const char *get_peername() const { return this->helper_->get_client_peername(); }
 
  protected:
   // Helper function to handle authentication completion

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp

@@ -16,12 +16,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api.frame_helper";
 static constexpr size_t API_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
-#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) \
-  do { \
-    char peername_buf[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN]; \
-    this->get_peername_to(peername_buf); \
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_name_, peername_buf, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
-  } while (0)
+#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_name_, this->client_peername_, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ((void) 0)
 #endif
@@ -245,20 +240,13 @@ APIError APIFrameHelper::try_send_tx_buf_() {
   return APIError::OK;  // All buffers sent successfully
 }
 
-const char *APIFrameHelper::get_peername_to(std::span<char, socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) const {
-  if (this->socket_) {
-    this->socket_->getpeername_to(buf);
-  } else {
-    buf[0] = '\0';
-  }
-  return buf.data();
-}
-
 APIError APIFrameHelper::init_common_() {
   if (state_ != State::INITIALIZE || this->socket_ == nullptr) {
     HELPER_LOG("Bad state for init %d", (int) state_);
     return APIError::BAD_STATE;
   }
+  // Cache peername now while socket is valid - needed for error logging after socket failure
+  this->socket_->getpeername_to(this->client_peername_);
   int err = this->socket_->setblocking(false);
   if (err != 0) {
     state_ = State::FAILED;

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -90,9 +90,8 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
 
   // Get client name (null-terminated)
   const char *get_client_name() const { return this->client_name_; }
-  // Get client peername/IP into caller-provided buffer (fetches on-demand from socket)
-  // Returns pointer to buf for convenience in printf-style calls
-  const char *get_peername_to(std::span<char, socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN> buf) const;
+  // Get client peername/IP (null-terminated, cached at init time for availability after socket failure)
+  const char *get_client_peername() const { return this->client_peername_; }
   // Set client name from buffer with length (truncates if needed)
   void set_client_name(const char *name, size_t len) {
     size_t copy_len = std::min(len, sizeof(this->client_name_) - 1);
@@ -106,8 +105,6 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   bool can_write_without_blocking() { return this->state_ == State::DATA && this->tx_buf_count_ == 0; }
   int getpeername(struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t *addrlen) { return socket_->getpeername(addr, addrlen); }
   APIError close() {
-    if (state_ == State::CLOSED)
-      return APIError::OK;  // Already closed
     state_ = State::CLOSED;
     int err = this->socket_->close();
     if (err == -1)
@@ -234,6 +231,8 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
 
   // Client name buffer - stores name from Hello message or initial peername
   char client_name_[CLIENT_INFO_NAME_MAX_LEN]{};
+  // Cached peername/IP address - captured at init time for availability after socket failure
+  char client_peername_[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN]{};
 
   // Group smaller types together
   uint16_t rx_buf_len_ = 0;

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -29,12 +29,7 @@ static constexpr size_t PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN = 12;  // strlen("NoiseAPIInit")
 static constexpr size_t API_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
-#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) \
-  do { \
-    char peername_buf[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN]; \
-    this->get_peername_to(peername_buf); \
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_name_, peername_buf, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
-  } while (0)
+#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_name_, this->client_peername_, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ((void) 0)
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp

@@ -21,12 +21,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "api.plaintext";
 static constexpr size_t API_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
 
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
-#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) \
-  do { \
-    char peername_buf[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN]; \
-    this->get_peername_to(peername_buf); \
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_name_, peername_buf, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
-  } while (0)
+#define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_name_, this->client_peername_, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #else
 #define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) ((void) 0)
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -192,15 +192,11 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Remove connection %s", client->get_name());
 
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
-    // Save client info before closing socket and removal for the trigger
-    char peername_buf[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
+    // Save client info before removal for the trigger
     std::string client_name(client->get_name());
-    std::string client_peername(client->get_peername_to(peername_buf));
+    std::string client_peername(client->get_peername());
 #endif
 
-    // Close socket now (was deferred from on_fatal_error to allow getpeername)
-    client->helper_->close();
-
     // Swap with the last element and pop (avoids expensive vector shifts)
     if (client_index < this->clients_.size() - 1) {
       std::swap(this->clients_[client_index], this->clients_.back());

esphome/components/bl0940/number/calibration_number.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "bl0940.number";
 void CalibrationNumber::setup() {
   float value = 0.0f;
   if (this->restore_value_) {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<float>();
     if (!this->pref_.load(&value)) {
       value = 0.0f;
     }

esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp

@@ -360,8 +360,7 @@ void Climate::add_on_control_callback(std::function<void(ClimateCall &)> &&callb
 static const uint32_t RESTORE_STATE_VERSION = 0x848EA6ADUL;
 
 optional<ClimateDeviceRestoreState> Climate::restore_state_() {
-  this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<ClimateDeviceRestoreState>(this->get_preference_hash() ^
-                                                                              RESTORE_STATE_VERSION);
+  this->rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<ClimateDeviceRestoreState>(RESTORE_STATE_VERSION);
   ClimateDeviceRestoreState recovered{};
   if (!this->rtc_.load(&recovered))
     return {};

esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 #include "cover.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/controller_registry.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 #include <strings.h>
 
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
-
 namespace esphome::cover {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "cover";
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ Cover::Cover() : position{COVER_OPEN} {}
 
 CoverCall::CoverCall(Cover *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 CoverCall &CoverCall::set_command(const char *command) {
-  if (strcasecmp(command, "OPEN") == 0) {
+  if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("OPEN")) == 0) {
     this->set_command_open();
-  } else if (strcasecmp(command, "CLOSE") == 0) {
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("CLOSE")) == 0) {
     this->set_command_close();
-  } else if (strcasecmp(command, "STOP") == 0) {
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("STOP")) == 0) {
     this->set_command_stop();
-  } else if (strcasecmp(command, "TOGGLE") == 0) {
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("TOGGLE")) == 0) {
     this->set_command_toggle();
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized command %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), command);
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ void Cover::publish_state(bool save) {
   }
 }
 optional<CoverRestoreState> Cover::restore_state_() {
-  this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<CoverRestoreState>(this->get_preference_hash());
+  this->rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<CoverRestoreState>();
   CoverRestoreState recovered{};
   if (!this->rtc_.load(&recovered))
     return {};

esphome/components/duty_time/duty_time_sensor.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void DutyTimeSensor::setup() {
   uint32_t seconds = 0;
 
   if (this->restore_) {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<uint32_t>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<uint32_t>();
     this->pref_.load(&seconds);
   }
 

esphome/components/factory_reset/factory_reset.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
@@ -19,7 +20,8 @@ static bool was_power_cycled() {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   auto reset_reason = EspClass::getResetReason();
-  return strcasecmp(reset_reason.c_str(), "power On") == 0 || strcasecmp(reset_reason.c_str(), "external system") == 0;
+  return ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(reset_reason.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("power On")) == 0 ||
+         ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(reset_reason.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("external system")) == 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LIBRETINY
   auto reason = lt_get_reboot_reason();

esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp

@@ -227,8 +227,7 @@ void Fan::publish_state() {
 constexpr uint32_t RESTORE_STATE_VERSION = 0x71700ABA;
 optional<FanRestoreState> Fan::restore_state_() {
   FanRestoreState recovered{};
-  this->rtc_ =
-      global_preferences->make_preference<FanRestoreState>(this->get_preference_hash() ^ RESTORE_STATE_VERSION);
+  this->rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<FanRestoreState>(RESTORE_STATE_VERSION);
   bool restored = this->rtc_.load(&recovered);
 
   switch (this->restore_mode_) {

esphome/components/haier/haier_base.cpp

@@ -350,8 +350,7 @@ ClimateTraits HaierClimateBase::traits() { return traits_; }
 
 void HaierClimateBase::initialization() {
   constexpr uint32_t restore_settings_version = 0xA77D21EF;
-  this->base_rtc_ =
-      global_preferences->make_preference<HaierBaseSettings>(this->get_preference_hash() ^ restore_settings_version);
+  this->base_rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<HaierBaseSettings>(restore_settings_version);
   HaierBaseSettings recovered;
   if (!this->base_rtc_.load(&recovered)) {
     recovered = {false, true};

esphome/components/haier/hon_climate.cpp

@@ -515,8 +515,7 @@ haier_protocol::HaierMessage HonClimate::get_power_message(bool state) {
 void HonClimate::initialization() {
   HaierClimateBase::initialization();
   constexpr uint32_t restore_settings_version = 0x57EB59DDUL;
-  this->hon_rtc_ =
-      global_preferences->make_preference<HonSettings>(this->get_preference_hash() ^ restore_settings_version);
+  this->hon_rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<HonSettings>(restore_settings_version);
   HonSettings recovered;
   if (this->hon_rtc_.load(&recovered)) {
     this->settings_ = recovered;

esphome/components/http_request/__init__.py

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH): cv.All(
                 cv.file_,
-                cv.only_on(PLATFORM_HOST),
+                cv.Any(cv.only_on(PLATFORM_HOST), cv.only_on_esp32),
             ),
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
@@ -160,7 +160,14 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_verify_ssl(config[CONF_VERIFY_SSL]))
 
         if config.get(CONF_VERIFY_SSL):
-            esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True)
+            if ca_cert_path := config.get(CONF_CA_CERTIFICATE_PATH):
+                with open(ca_cert_path, encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                    ca_cert_content = f.read()
+                cg.add(var.set_ca_certificate(ca_cert_content))
+            else:
+                esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+                    "CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True
+                )
 
         esp32.add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
             "CONFIG_ESP_TLS_INSECURE",

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.cpp

@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@ void HttpRequestIDF::dump_config() {
   HttpRequestComponent::dump_config();
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Buffer Size RX: %u\n"
-                "  Buffer Size TX: %u",
-                this->buffer_size_rx_, this->buffer_size_tx_);
+                "  Buffer Size TX: %u\n"
+                "  Custom CA Certificate: %s",
+                this->buffer_size_rx_, this->buffer_size_tx_, YESNO(this->ca_certificate_ != nullptr));
 }
 
 esp_err_t HttpRequestIDF::http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt) {
@@ -88,11 +89,15 @@ std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> HttpRequestIDF::perform(const std::string &url, c
   config.disable_auto_redirect = !this->follow_redirects_;
   config.max_redirection_count = this->redirect_limit_;
   config.auth_type = HTTP_AUTH_TYPE_BASIC;
-#if CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE
   if (secure && this->verify_ssl_) {
-    config.crt_bundle_attach = esp_crt_bundle_attach;
-  }
+    if (this->ca_certificate_ != nullptr) {
+      config.cert_pem = this->ca_certificate_;
+#if CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE
+    } else {
+      config.crt_bundle_attach = esp_crt_bundle_attach;
 #endif
+    }
+  }
 
   if (this->useragent_ != nullptr) {
     config.user_agent = this->useragent_;

esphome/components/http_request/http_request_idf.h

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ class HttpRequestIDF : public HttpRequestComponent {
   void set_buffer_size_rx(uint16_t buffer_size_rx) { this->buffer_size_rx_ = buffer_size_rx; }
   void set_buffer_size_tx(uint16_t buffer_size_tx) { this->buffer_size_tx_ = buffer_size_tx; }
   void set_verify_ssl(bool verify_ssl) { this->verify_ssl_ = verify_ssl; }
+  void set_ca_certificate(const char *ca_certificate) { this->ca_certificate_ = ca_certificate; }
 
  protected:
   std::shared_ptr<HttpContainer> perform(const std::string &url, const std::string &method, const std::string &body,
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ class HttpRequestIDF : public HttpRequestComponent {
   uint16_t buffer_size_rx_{};
   uint16_t buffer_size_tx_{};
   bool verify_ssl_{true};
+  const char *ca_certificate_{nullptr};
 
   /// @brief Monitors the http client events to gather response headers
   static esp_err_t http_event_handler(esp_http_client_event_t *evt);

esphome/components/http_request/ota/ota_http_request.cpp

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
   uint32_t last_progress = 0;
   uint32_t update_start_time = millis();
   md5::MD5Digest md5_receive;
-  std::unique_ptr<char[]> md5_receive_str(new char[33]);
+  char md5_receive_str[33];
 
   if (this->md5_expected_.empty() && !this->http_get_md5_()) {
     return OTA_MD5_INVALID;
@@ -176,14 +176,14 @@ uint8_t OtaHttpRequestComponent::do_ota_() {
 
   // verify MD5 is as expected and act accordingly
   md5_receive.calculate();
-  md5_receive.get_hex(md5_receive_str.get());
-  this->md5_computed_ = md5_receive_str.get();
+  md5_receive.get_hex(md5_receive_str);
+  this->md5_computed_ = md5_receive_str;
   if (strncmp(this->md5_computed_.c_str(), this->md5_expected_.c_str(), MD5_SIZE) != 0) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "MD5 computed: %s - Aborting due to MD5 mismatch", this->md5_computed_.c_str());
     this->cleanup_(std::move(backend), container);
     return ota::OTA_RESPONSE_ERROR_MD5_MISMATCH;
   } else {
-    backend->set_update_md5(md5_receive_str.get());
+    backend->set_update_md5(md5_receive_str);
   }
 
   container->end();

esphome/components/integration/integration_sensor.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "integration";
 
 void IntegrationSensor::setup() {
   if (this->restore_) {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<float>();
     float preference_value = 0;
     this->pref_.load(&preference_value);
     this->result_ = preference_value;

esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp

@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ static inline bool validate_header_footer(const uint8_t *header_footer, const ui
 void LD2450Component::setup() {
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
   if (this->presence_timeout_number_ != nullptr) {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->presence_timeout_number_->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->presence_timeout_number_->make_entity_preference<float>();
     this->set_presence_timeout();
   }
 #endif

esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py

@@ -191,10 +191,17 @@ def _notify_old_style(config):
 
 
 # The dev and latest branches will be at *least* this version, which is what matters.
+# Use GitHub releases directly to avoid PlatformIO moderation delays.
 ARDUINO_VERSIONS = {
-    "dev": (cv.Version(1, 9, 2), "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git"),
-    "latest": (cv.Version(1, 9, 2), "libretiny"),
-    "recommended": (cv.Version(1, 9, 2), None),
+    "dev": (cv.Version(1, 11, 0), "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git"),
+    "latest": (
+        cv.Version(1, 11, 0),
+        "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git#v1.11.0",
+    ),
+    "recommended": (
+        cv.Version(1, 11, 0),
+        "https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git#v1.11.0",
+    ),
 }
 
 

esphome/components/light/addressable_light_wrapper.h

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ namespace esphome::light {
 
 class AddressableLightWrapper : public light::AddressableLight {
  public:
-  explicit AddressableLightWrapper(light::LightState *light_state) : light_state_(light_state) {
-    this->wrapper_state_ = new uint8_t[5];  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
-  }
+  explicit AddressableLightWrapper(light::LightState *light_state) : light_state_(light_state) {}
 
   int32_t size() const override { return 1; }
 
@@ -118,7 +116,7 @@ class AddressableLightWrapper : public light::AddressableLight {
   }
 
   light::LightState *light_state_;
-  uint8_t *wrapper_state_;
+  mutable uint8_t wrapper_state_[5]{};
   ColorMode color_mode_{ColorMode::UNKNOWN};
 };
 

esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void LightState::setup() {
     case LIGHT_RESTORE_DEFAULT_ON:
     case LIGHT_RESTORE_INVERTED_DEFAULT_OFF:
     case LIGHT_RESTORE_INVERTED_DEFAULT_ON:
-      this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<LightStateRTCState>(this->get_preference_hash());
+      this->rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<LightStateRTCState>();
       // Attempt to load from preferences, else fall back to default values
       if (!this->rtc_.load(&recovered)) {
         recovered.state = (this->restore_mode_ == LIGHT_RESTORE_DEFAULT_ON ||
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ void LightState::setup() {
       break;
     case LIGHT_RESTORE_AND_OFF:
     case LIGHT_RESTORE_AND_ON:
-      this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<LightStateRTCState>(this->get_preference_hash());
+      this->rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<LightStateRTCState>();
       this->rtc_.load(&recovered);
       recovered.state = (this->restore_mode_ == LIGHT_RESTORE_AND_ON);
       break;

esphome/components/lvgl/number/lvgl_number.h

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class LVGLNumber : public number::Number, public Component {
   void setup() override {
     float value = this->value_lambda_();
     if (this->restore_) {
-      this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_preference_hash());
+      this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<float>();
       if (this->pref_.load(&value)) {
         this->control_lambda_(value);
       }

esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class LVGLSelect : public select::Select, public Component {
     this->set_options_();
     if (this->restore_) {
       size_t index;
-      this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<size_t>(this->get_preference_hash());
+      this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<size_t>();
       if (this->pref_.load(&index))
         this->widget_->set_selected_index(index, LV_ANIM_OFF);
     }

esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.cpp

@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <cinttypes>
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace mhz19 {
+namespace esphome::mhz19 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "mhz19";
 static const uint8_t MHZ19_REQUEST_LENGTH = 8;
@@ -17,6 +16,19 @@ static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x
 static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x88};
 static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x27, 0x10};
 
+static const LogString *detection_range_to_log_string(MHZ19DetectionRange range) {
+  switch (range) {
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM:
+      return LOG_STR("0-2000 ppm");
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM:
+      return LOG_STR("0-5000 ppm");
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM:
+      return LOG_STR("0-10000 ppm");
+    default:
+      return LOG_STR("default");
+  }
+}
+
 uint8_t mhz19_checksum(const uint8_t *command) {
   uint8_t sum = 0;
   for (uint8_t i = 1; i < MHZ19_REQUEST_LENGTH; i++) {
@@ -91,24 +103,24 @@ void MHZ19Component::abc_disable() {
   this->mhz19_write_command_(MHZ19_COMMAND_ABC_DISABLE, nullptr);
 }
 
-void MHZ19Component::range_set(MHZ19DetectionRange detection_ppm) {
-  switch (detection_ppm) {
-    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_DEFAULT:
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Using previously set detection range (no change)");
-      break;
+void MHZ19Component::range_set(MHZ19DetectionRange detection_range) {
+  const uint8_t *command;
+  switch (detection_range) {
     case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM:
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting detection range to 0 to 2000ppm");
-      this->mhz19_write_command_(MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM, nullptr);
+      command = MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM;
       break;
     case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM:
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting detection range to 0 to 5000ppm");
-      this->mhz19_write_command_(MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM, nullptr);
+      command = MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM;
       break;
     case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM:
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting detection range to 0 to 10000ppm");
-      this->mhz19_write_command_(MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM, nullptr);
+      command = MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM;
       break;
+    default:
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Using previously set detection range (no change)");
+      return;
   }
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting detection range to %s", LOG_STR_ARG(detection_range_to_log_string(detection_range)));
+  this->mhz19_write_command_(command, nullptr);
 }
 
 bool MHZ19Component::mhz19_write_command_(const uint8_t *command, uint8_t *response) {
@@ -140,24 +152,7 @@ void MHZ19Component::dump_config() {
   }
 
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Warmup time: %" PRIu32 " s", this->warmup_seconds_);
-
-  const char *range_str;
-  switch (this->detection_range_) {
-    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_DEFAULT:
-      range_str = "default";
-      break;
-    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM:
-      range_str = "0 to 2000ppm";
-      break;
-    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM:
-      range_str = "0 to 5000ppm";
-      break;
-    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM:
-      range_str = "0 to 10000ppm";
-      break;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Detection range: %s", range_str);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Detection range: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(detection_range_to_log_string(this->detection_range_)));
 }
 
-}  // namespace mhz19
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::mhz19

esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.h

@@ -5,8 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/uart/uart.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace mhz19 {
+namespace esphome::mhz19 {
 
 enum MHZ19ABCLogic {
   MHZ19_ABC_NONE = 0,
@@ -32,7 +31,7 @@ class MHZ19Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void calibrate_zero();
   void abc_enable();
   void abc_disable();
-  void range_set(MHZ19DetectionRange detection_ppm);
+  void range_set(MHZ19DetectionRange detection_range);
 
   void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor) { temperature_sensor_ = temperature_sensor; }
   void set_co2_sensor(sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor) { co2_sensor_ = co2_sensor; }
@@ -74,5 +73,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19DetectionRangeSetAction : public Action<Ts..
   void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->range_set(this->detection_range_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
-}  // namespace mhz19
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::mhz19

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_alarm_control_panel.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "mqtt_alarm_control_panel.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 #include "mqtt_const.h"
 
@@ -18,21 +19,21 @@ void MQTTAlarmControlPanelComponent::setup() {
   this->alarm_control_panel_->add_on_state_callback([this]() { this->publish_state(); });
   this->subscribe(this->get_command_topic_(), [this](const std::string &topic, const std::string &payload) {
     auto call = this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call();
-    if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "ARM_AWAY") == 0) {
+    if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("ARM_AWAY")) == 0) {
       call.arm_away();
-    } else if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "ARM_HOME") == 0) {
+    } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("ARM_HOME")) == 0) {
       call.arm_home();
-    } else if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "ARM_NIGHT") == 0) {
+    } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("ARM_NIGHT")) == 0) {
       call.arm_night();
-    } else if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "ARM_VACATION") == 0) {
+    } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("ARM_VACATION")) == 0) {
       call.arm_vacation();
-    } else if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "ARM_CUSTOM_BYPASS") == 0) {
+    } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("ARM_CUSTOM_BYPASS")) == 0) {
       call.arm_custom_bypass();
-    } else if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "DISARM") == 0) {
+    } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("DISARM")) == 0) {
       call.disarm();
-    } else if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "PENDING") == 0) {
+    } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("PENDING")) == 0) {
       call.pending();
-    } else if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "TRIGGERED") == 0) {
+    } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("TRIGGERED")) == 0) {
       call.triggered();
     } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s': Received unknown command payload %s", this->friendly_name_().c_str(), payload.c_str());
@@ -119,7 +120,8 @@ bool MQTTAlarmControlPanelComponent::publish_state() {
     default:
       state_s = "unknown";
   }
-  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), state_s);
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), state_s);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mqtt

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -52,8 +52,9 @@ bool MQTTBinarySensorComponent::publish_state(bool state) {
   if (this->binary_sensor_->is_status_binary_sensor())
     return true;
 
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
   const char *state_s = state ? "ON" : "OFF";
-  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), state_s);
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), state_s);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mqtt

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp

@@ -132,17 +132,29 @@ std::string MQTTComponent::get_command_topic_() const {
 }
 
 bool MQTTComponent::publish(const std::string &topic, const std::string &payload) {
-  return this->publish(topic, payload.data(), payload.size());
+  return this->publish(topic.c_str(), payload.data(), payload.size());
 }
 
 bool MQTTComponent::publish(const std::string &topic, const char *payload, size_t payload_length) {
-  if (topic.empty())
+  return this->publish(topic.c_str(), payload, payload_length);
+}
+
+bool MQTTComponent::publish(const char *topic, const char *payload, size_t payload_length) {
+  if (topic[0] == '\0')
     return false;
   return global_mqtt_client->publish(topic, payload, payload_length, this->qos_, this->retain_);
 }
 
+bool MQTTComponent::publish(const char *topic, const char *payload) {
+  return this->publish(topic, payload, strlen(payload));
+}
+
 bool MQTTComponent::publish_json(const std::string &topic, const json::json_build_t &f) {
-  if (topic.empty())
+  return this->publish_json(topic.c_str(), f);
+}
+
+bool MQTTComponent::publish_json(const char *topic, const json::json_build_t &f) {
+  if (topic[0] == '\0')
     return false;
   return global_mqtt_client->publish_json(topic, f, this->qos_, this->retain_);
 }

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h

@@ -157,6 +157,38 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
    */
   bool publish(const std::string &topic, const char *payload, size_t payload_length);
 
+  /** Send a MQTT message (no heap allocation for topic).
+   *
+   * @param topic The topic as C string.
+   * @param payload The payload buffer.
+   * @param payload_length The length of the payload.
+   */
+  bool publish(const char *topic, const char *payload, size_t payload_length);
+
+  /** Send a MQTT message (no heap allocation for topic).
+   *
+   * @param topic The topic as StringRef (for use with get_state_topic_to_()).
+   * @param payload The payload buffer.
+   * @param payload_length The length of the payload.
+   */
+  bool publish(StringRef topic, const char *payload, size_t payload_length) {
+    return this->publish(topic.c_str(), payload, payload_length);
+  }
+
+  /** Send a MQTT message (no heap allocation for topic).
+   *
+   * @param topic The topic as C string.
+   * @param payload The null-terminated payload.
+   */
+  bool publish(const char *topic, const char *payload);
+
+  /** Send a MQTT message (no heap allocation for topic).
+   *
+   * @param topic The topic as StringRef (for use with get_state_topic_to_()).
+   * @param payload The null-terminated payload.
+   */
+  bool publish(StringRef topic, const char *payload) { return this->publish(topic.c_str(), payload); }
+
   /** Construct and send a JSON MQTT message.
    *
    * @param topic The topic.
@@ -164,6 +196,20 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
    */
   bool publish_json(const std::string &topic, const json::json_build_t &f);
 
+  /** Construct and send a JSON MQTT message (no heap allocation for topic).
+   *
+   * @param topic The topic as C string.
+   * @param f The Json Message builder.
+   */
+  bool publish_json(const char *topic, const json::json_build_t &f);
+
+  /** Construct and send a JSON MQTT message (no heap allocation for topic).
+   *
+   * @param topic The topic as StringRef (for use with get_state_topic_to_()).
+   * @param f The Json Message builder.
+   */
+  bool publish_json(StringRef topic, const json::json_build_t &f) { return this->publish_json(topic.c_str(), f); }
+
   /** Subscribe to a MQTT topic.
    *
    * @param topic The topic. Wildcards are currently not supported.

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_cover.cpp

@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ bool MQTTCoverComponent::publish_state() {
                         : this->cover_->position == COVER_OPEN                       ? "open"
                         : traits.get_supports_position()                             ? "open"
                                                                                      : "unknown";
-  if (!this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), state_s))
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  if (!this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), state_s))
     success = false;
   return success;
 }

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_date.cpp

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ bool MQTTDateComponent::send_initial_state() {
   }
 }
 bool MQTTDateComponent::publish_state(uint16_t year, uint8_t month, uint8_t day) {
-  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_(), [year, month, day](JsonObject root) {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), [year, month, day](JsonObject root) {
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
     root[ESPHOME_F("year")] = year;
     root[ESPHOME_F("month")] = month;

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_datetime.cpp

@@ -66,15 +66,17 @@ bool MQTTDateTimeComponent::send_initial_state() {
 }
 bool MQTTDateTimeComponent::publish_state(uint16_t year, uint8_t month, uint8_t day, uint8_t hour, uint8_t minute,
                                           uint8_t second) {
-  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_(), [year, month, day, hour, minute, second](JsonObject root) {
-    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
-    root[ESPHOME_F("year")] = year;
-    root[ESPHOME_F("month")] = month;
-    root[ESPHOME_F("day")] = day;
-    root[ESPHOME_F("hour")] = hour;
-    root[ESPHOME_F("minute")] = minute;
-    root[ESPHOME_F("second")] = second;
-  });
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf),
+                            [year, month, day, hour, minute, second](JsonObject root) {
+                              // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
+                              root[ESPHOME_F("year")] = year;
+                              root[ESPHOME_F("month")] = month;
+                              root[ESPHOME_F("day")] = day;
+                              root[ESPHOME_F("hour")] = hour;
+                              root[ESPHOME_F("minute")] = minute;
+                              root[ESPHOME_F("second")] = second;
+                            });
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mqtt

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_event.cpp

@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ void MQTTEventComponent::dump_config() {
 }
 
 bool MQTTEventComponent::publish_event_(const std::string &event_type) {
-  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_(), [event_type](JsonObject root) {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), [event_type](JsonObject root) {
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
     root[MQTT_EVENT_TYPE] = event_type;
   });

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_fan.cpp

@@ -158,9 +158,10 @@ void MQTTFanComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfig
   }
 }
 bool MQTTFanComponent::publish_state() {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
   const char *state_s = this->state_->state ? "ON" : "OFF";
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' Sending state %s.", this->state_->get_name().c_str(), state_s);
-  this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), state_s);
+  this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), state_s);
   bool failed = false;
   if (this->state_->get_traits().supports_direction()) {
     bool success = this->publish(this->get_direction_state_topic(),

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_light.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,8 @@ void MQTTJSONLightComponent::on_light_remote_values_update() {
 MQTTJSONLightComponent::MQTTJSONLightComponent(LightState *state) : state_(state) {}
 
 bool MQTTJSONLightComponent::publish_state_() {
-  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_(), [this](JsonObject root) {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), [this](JsonObject root) {
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
     LightJSONSchema::dump_json(*this->state_, root);
   });

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_lock.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "mqtt_lock.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 
 #include "mqtt_const.h"
 
@@ -16,11 +17,11 @@ MQTTLockComponent::MQTTLockComponent(lock::Lock *a_lock) : lock_(a_lock) {}
 
 void MQTTLockComponent::setup() {
   this->subscribe(this->get_command_topic_(), [this](const std::string &topic, const std::string &payload) {
-    if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "LOCK") == 0) {
+    if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("LOCK")) == 0) {
       this->lock_->lock();
-    } else if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "UNLOCK") == 0) {
+    } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("UNLOCK")) == 0) {
       this->lock_->unlock();
-    } else if (strcasecmp(payload.c_str(), "OPEN") == 0) {
+    } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(payload.c_str(), ESPHOME_PSTR("OPEN")) == 0) {
       this->lock_->open();
     } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s': Received unknown status payload: %s", this->friendly_name_().c_str(), payload.c_str());
@@ -47,13 +48,14 @@ void MQTTLockComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryConfi
 bool MQTTLockComponent::send_initial_state() { return this->publish_state(); }
 
 bool MQTTLockComponent::publish_state() {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
 #ifdef USE_STORE_LOG_STR_IN_FLASH
   char buf[LOCK_STATE_STR_SIZE];
   strncpy_P(buf, (PGM_P) lock_state_to_string(this->lock_->state), sizeof(buf) - 1);
   buf[sizeof(buf) - 1] = '\0';
-  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), buf);
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), buf);
 #else
-  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), LOG_STR_ARG(lock_state_to_string(this->lock_->state)));
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), LOG_STR_ARG(lock_state_to_string(this->lock_->state)));
 #endif
 }
 

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_number.cpp

@@ -74,9 +74,10 @@ bool MQTTNumberComponent::send_initial_state() {
   }
 }
 bool MQTTNumberComponent::publish_state(float value) {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
   char buffer[64];
-  buf_append_printf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, "%f", value);
-  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), buffer);
+  size_t len = buf_append_printf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, "%f", value);
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), buffer, len);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mqtt

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_select.cpp

@@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ bool MQTTSelectComponent::send_initial_state() {
   }
 }
 bool MQTTSelectComponent::publish_state(const std::string &value) {
-  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), value);
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), value.data(), value.size());
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mqtt

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_sensor.cpp

@@ -79,12 +79,13 @@ bool MQTTSensorComponent::send_initial_state() {
   }
 }
 bool MQTTSensorComponent::publish_state(float value) {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
   if (mqtt::global_mqtt_client->is_publish_nan_as_none() && std::isnan(value))
-    return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), "None", 4);
+    return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), "None", 4);
   int8_t accuracy = this->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals();
   char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
   size_t len = value_accuracy_to_buf(buf, value, accuracy);
-  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), buf, len);
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), buf, len);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mqtt

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_switch.cpp

@@ -52,8 +52,9 @@ void MQTTSwitchComponent::send_discovery(JsonObject root, mqtt::SendDiscoveryCon
 bool MQTTSwitchComponent::send_initial_state() { return this->publish_state(this->switch_->state); }
 
 bool MQTTSwitchComponent::publish_state(bool state) {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
   const char *state_s = state ? "ON" : "OFF";
-  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), state_s);
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), state_s);
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mqtt

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text.cpp

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ bool MQTTTextComponent::send_initial_state() {
   }
 }
 bool MQTTTextComponent::publish_state(const std::string &value) {
-  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), value);
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), value.data(), value.size());
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::mqtt

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_text_sensor.cpp

@@ -31,7 +31,10 @@ void MQTTTextSensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_MQTT_COMPONENT(true, false);
 }
 
-bool MQTTTextSensor::publish_state(const std::string &value) { return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), value); }
+bool MQTTTextSensor::publish_state(const std::string &value) {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), value.data(), value.size());
+}
 bool MQTTTextSensor::send_initial_state() {
   if (this->sensor_->has_state()) {
     return this->publish_state(this->sensor_->state);

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_time.cpp

@@ -53,7 +53,8 @@ bool MQTTTimeComponent::send_initial_state() {
   }
 }
 bool MQTTTimeComponent::publish_state(uint8_t hour, uint8_t minute, uint8_t second) {
-  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_(), [hour, minute, second](JsonObject root) {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), [hour, minute, second](JsonObject root) {
     // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
     root[ESPHOME_F("hour")] = hour;
     root[ESPHOME_F("minute")] = minute;

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_update.cpp

@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ void MQTTUpdateComponent::setup() {
 }
 
 bool MQTTUpdateComponent::publish_state() {
-  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_(), [this](JsonObject root) {
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  return this->publish_json(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), [this](JsonObject root) {
     root[ESPHOME_F("installed_version")] = this->update_->update_info.current_version;
     root[ESPHOME_F("latest_version")] = this->update_->update_info.latest_version;
     root[ESPHOME_F("title")] = this->update_->update_info.title;

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_valve.cpp

@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ bool MQTTValveComponent::publish_state() {
                         : this->valve_->position == VALVE_OPEN                       ? "open"
                         : traits.get_supports_position()                             ? "open"
                                                                                      : "unknown";
-  if (!this->publish(this->get_state_topic_(), state_s))
+  char topic_buf[MQTT_DEFAULT_TOPIC_MAX_LEN];
+  if (!this->publish(this->get_state_topic_to_(topic_buf), state_s))
     success = false;
   return success;
 }

esphome/components/number/automation.cpp

@@ -14,8 +14,7 @@ void ValueRangeTrigger::setup() {
   float local_min = this->min_.value(0.0);
   float local_max = this->max_.value(0.0);
   convert hash = {.from = (local_max - local_min)};
-  uint32_t myhash = hash.to ^ this->parent_->get_preference_hash();
-  this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<bool>(myhash);
+  this->rtc_ = this->parent_->make_entity_preference<bool>(hash.to);
   bool initial_state;
   if (this->rtc_.load(&initial_state)) {
     this->previous_in_range_ = initial_state;

esphome/components/opentherm/number/opentherm_number.cpp

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ void OpenthermNumber::setup() {
   if (!this->restore_value_) {
     value = this->initial_value_;
   } else {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<float>();
     if (!this->pref_.load(&value)) {
       if (!std::isnan(this->initial_value_)) {
         value = this->initial_value_;

esphome/components/rotary_encoder/rotary_encoder.cpp

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void RotaryEncoderSensor::setup() {
   int32_t initial_value = 0;
   switch (this->restore_mode_) {
     case ROTARY_ENCODER_RESTORE_DEFAULT_ZERO:
-      this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<int32_t>(this->get_preference_hash());
+      this->rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<int32_t>();
       if (!this->rtc_.load(&initial_value)) {
         initial_value = 0;
       }

esphome/components/rp2040/preferences.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include "preferences.h"
 
 #include <cstring>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -25,6 +24,9 @@ static bool s_flash_dirty = false;          // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-no
 
 static const uint32_t RP2040_FLASH_STORAGE_SIZE = 512;
 
+// Stack buffer size for preferences - covers virtually all real-world preferences without heap allocation
+static constexpr size_t PREF_BUFFER_SIZE = 64;
+
 extern "C" uint8_t _EEPROM_start;
 
 template<class It> uint8_t calculate_crc(It first, It last, uint32_t type) {
@@ -42,12 +44,14 @@ class RP2040PreferenceBackend : public ESPPreferenceBackend {
   uint32_t type = 0;
 
   bool save(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer;
-    buffer.resize(len + 1);
-    memcpy(buffer.data(), data, len);
-    buffer[buffer.size() - 1] = calculate_crc(buffer.begin(), buffer.end() - 1, type);
+    const size_t buffer_size = len + 1;
+    SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<PREF_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer_alloc(buffer_size);
+    uint8_t *buffer = buffer_alloc.get();
 
-    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < len + 1; i++) {
+    memcpy(buffer, data, len);
+    buffer[len] = calculate_crc(buffer, buffer + len, type);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_size; i++) {
       uint32_t j = offset + i;
       if (j >= RP2040_FLASH_STORAGE_SIZE)
         return false;
@@ -60,22 +64,23 @@ class RP2040PreferenceBackend : public ESPPreferenceBackend {
     return true;
   }
   bool load(uint8_t *data, size_t len) override {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buffer;
-    buffer.resize(len + 1);
+    const size_t buffer_size = len + 1;
+    SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<PREF_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer_alloc(buffer_size);
+    uint8_t *buffer = buffer_alloc.get();
 
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < len + 1; i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_size; i++) {
       uint32_t j = offset + i;
       if (j >= RP2040_FLASH_STORAGE_SIZE)
         return false;
       buffer[i] = s_flash_storage[j];
     }
 
-    uint8_t crc = calculate_crc(buffer.begin(), buffer.end() - 1, type);
-    if (buffer[buffer.size() - 1] != crc) {
+    uint8_t crc = calculate_crc(buffer, buffer + len, type);
+    if (buffer[len] != crc) {
       return false;
     }
 
-    memcpy(data, buffer.data(), len);
+    memcpy(data, buffer, len);
     return true;
   }
 };

esphome/components/sensor/automation.h

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class ValueRangeTrigger : public Trigger<float>, public Component {
   template<typename V> void set_max(V max) { this->max_ = max; }
 
   void setup() override {
-    this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<bool>(this->parent_->get_preference_hash());
+    this->rtc_ = this->parent_->make_entity_preference<bool>();
     bool initial_state;
     if (this->rtc_.load(&initial_state)) {
       this->previous_in_range_ = initial_state;

esphome/components/sml/constants.h

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <array>
 #include <cstdint>
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ enum SmlMessageType : uint16_t { SML_PUBLIC_OPEN_RES = 0x0101, SML_GET_LIST_RES
 const uint16_t START_MASK = 0x55aa;  // 0x1b 1b 1b 1b 01 01 01 01
 const uint16_t END_MASK = 0x0157;    // 0x1b 1b 1b 1b 1a
 
-const std::vector<uint8_t> START_SEQ = {0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01};
+constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 8> START_SEQ = {0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01};
 
 }  // namespace sml
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/socket/lwip_raw_tcp_impl.cpp

@@ -29,6 +29,14 @@ void socket_delay(uint32_t ms) {
   // Use esp_delay with a callback that checks if socket data arrived.
   // This allows the delay to exit early when socket_wake() is called by
   // lwip recv_fn/accept_fn callbacks, reducing socket latency.
+  //
+  // When ms is 0, we must use delay(0) because esp_delay(0, callback)
+  // exits immediately without yielding, which can cause watchdog timeouts
+  // when the main loop runs in high-frequency mode (e.g., during light effects).
+  if (ms == 0) {
+    delay(0);
+    return;
+  }
   s_socket_woke = false;
   esp_delay(ms, []() { return !s_socket_woke; });
 }

esphome/components/speaker/media_player/speaker_media_player.cpp

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void SpeakerMediaPlayer::setup() {
 
   this->media_control_command_queue_ = xQueueCreate(MEDIA_CONTROLS_QUEUE_LENGTH, sizeof(MediaCallCommand));
 
-  this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<VolumeRestoreState>(this->get_preference_hash());
+  this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<VolumeRestoreState>();
 
   VolumeRestoreState volume_restore_state;
   if (this->pref_.load(&volume_restore_state)) {

esphome/components/sprinkler/sprinkler.cpp

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ void SprinklerControllerNumber::setup() {
   if (!this->restore_value_) {
     value = this->initial_value_;
   } else {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<float>();
     if (!this->pref_.load(&value)) {
       if (!std::isnan(this->initial_value_)) {
         value = this->initial_value_;

esphome/components/switch/switch.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ optional<bool> Switch::get_initial_state() {
   if (!(restore_mode & RESTORE_MODE_PERSISTENT_MASK))
     return {};
 
-  this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<bool>(this->get_preference_hash());
+  this->rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<bool>();
   bool initial_state;
   if (!this->rtc_.load(&initial_state))
     return {};

esphome/components/template/alarm_control_panel/template_alarm_control_panel.cpp

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ void TemplateAlarmControlPanel::setup() {
   this->current_state_ = ACP_STATE_DISARMED;
   if (this->restore_mode_ == ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_RESTORE_DEFAULT_DISARMED) {
     uint8_t value;
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<uint8_t>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<uint8_t>();
     if (this->pref_.load(&value)) {
       this->current_state_ = static_cast<alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanelState>(value);
     }

esphome/components/template/datetime/template_date.cpp

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ void TemplateDate::setup() {
     state = this->initial_value_;
   } else {
     datetime::DateEntityRestoreState temp;
-    this->pref_ =
-        global_preferences->make_preference<datetime::DateEntityRestoreState>(194434030U ^ this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<datetime::DateEntityRestoreState>(194434030U);
     if (this->pref_.load(&temp)) {
       temp.apply(this);
       return;

esphome/components/template/datetime/template_datetime.cpp

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ void TemplateDateTime::setup() {
     state = this->initial_value_;
   } else {
     datetime::DateTimeEntityRestoreState temp;
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<datetime::DateTimeEntityRestoreState>(
-        194434090U ^ this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<datetime::DateTimeEntityRestoreState>(194434090U);
     if (this->pref_.load(&temp)) {
       temp.apply(this);
       return;

esphome/components/template/datetime/template_time.cpp

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@ void TemplateTime::setup() {
     state = this->initial_value_;
   } else {
     datetime::TimeEntityRestoreState temp;
-    this->pref_ =
-        global_preferences->make_preference<datetime::TimeEntityRestoreState>(194434060U ^ this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<datetime::TimeEntityRestoreState>(194434060U);
     if (this->pref_.load(&temp)) {
       temp.apply(this);
       return;

esphome/components/template/number/template_number.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ void TemplateNumber::setup() {
   if (!this->restore_value_) {
     value = this->initial_value_;
   } else {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<float>();
     if (!this->pref_.load(&value)) {
       if (!std::isnan(this->initial_value_)) {
         value = this->initial_value_;

esphome/components/template/select/template_select.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ void TemplateSelect::setup() {
 
   size_t index = this->initial_option_index_;
   if (this->restore_value_) {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<size_t>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<size_t>();
     size_t restored_index;
     if (this->pref_.load(&restored_index) && this->has_index(restored_index)) {
       index = restored_index;

esphome/components/template/text/template_text.cpp

@@ -20,7 +20,14 @@ void TemplateText::setup() {
 
   // Need std::string for pref_->setup() to fill from flash
   std::string value{this->initial_value_ != nullptr ? this->initial_value_ : ""};
+  // For future hash migration: use migrate_entity_preference_() with:
+  //   old_key = get_preference_hash() + extra
+  //   new_key = get_preference_hash_v2() + extra
+  // See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
   uint32_t key = this->get_preference_hash();
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
   key += this->traits.get_min_length() << 2;
   key += this->traits.get_max_length() << 4;
   key += fnv1_hash(this->traits.get_pattern_c_str()) << 6;

esphome/components/tm1638/tm1638.cpp

@@ -35,9 +35,6 @@ void TM1638Component::setup() {
   this->set_intensity(intensity_);
 
   this->reset_();  // all LEDs off
-
-  for (uint8_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)  // zero fill print buffer
-    this->buffer_[i] = 0;
 }
 
 void TM1638Component::dump_config() {

esphome/components/tm1638/tm1638.h

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class TM1638Component : public PollingComponent {
   GPIOPin *clk_pin_;
   GPIOPin *stb_pin_;
   GPIOPin *dio_pin_;
-  uint8_t *buffer_ = new uint8_t[8];
+  uint8_t buffer_[8]{};
   tm1638_writer_t writer_{};
   std::vector<KeyListener *> listeners_{};
 };

esphome/components/total_daily_energy/total_daily_energy.cpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ void TotalDailyEnergy::setup() {
   float initial_value = 0;
 
   if (this->restore_) {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<float>();
     this->pref_.load(&initial_value);
   }
   this->publish_state_and_save(initial_value);

esphome/components/tuya/number/tuya_number.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "tuya.number";
 
 void TuyaNumber::setup() {
   if (this->restore_value_) {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<float>();
   }
 
   this->parent_->register_listener(this->number_id_, [this](const TuyaDatapoint &datapoint) {

esphome/components/uln2003/uln2003.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,23 @@
 #include "uln2003.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace uln2003 {
+namespace esphome::uln2003 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "uln2003.stepper";
 
+static const LogString *step_mode_to_log_string(ULN2003StepMode mode) {
+  switch (mode) {
+    case ULN2003_STEP_MODE_FULL_STEP:
+      return LOG_STR("FULL STEP");
+    case ULN2003_STEP_MODE_HALF_STEP:
+      return LOG_STR("HALF STEP");
+    case ULN2003_STEP_MODE_WAVE_DRIVE:
+      return LOG_STR("WAVE DRIVE");
+    default:
+      return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
+  }
+}
+
 void ULN2003::setup() {
   this->pin_a_->setup();
   this->pin_b_->setup();
@@ -42,22 +54,7 @@ void ULN2003::dump_config() {
   LOG_PIN("  Pin B: ", this->pin_b_);
   LOG_PIN("  Pin C: ", this->pin_c_);
   LOG_PIN("  Pin D: ", this->pin_d_);
-  const char *step_mode_s;
-  switch (this->step_mode_) {
-    case ULN2003_STEP_MODE_FULL_STEP:
-      step_mode_s = "FULL STEP";
-      break;
-    case ULN2003_STEP_MODE_HALF_STEP:
-      step_mode_s = "HALF STEP";
-      break;
-    case ULN2003_STEP_MODE_WAVE_DRIVE:
-      step_mode_s = "WAVE DRIVE";
-      break;
-    default:
-      step_mode_s = "UNKNOWN";
-      break;
-  }
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Step Mode: %s", step_mode_s);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Step Mode: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(step_mode_to_log_string(this->step_mode_)));
 }
 void ULN2003::write_step_(int32_t step) {
   int32_t n = this->step_mode_ == ULN2003_STEP_MODE_HALF_STEP ? 8 : 4;
@@ -90,5 +87,4 @@ void ULN2003::write_step_(int32_t step) {
   this->pin_d_->digital_write((res >> 3) & 1);
 }
 
-}  // namespace uln2003
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::uln2003

esphome/components/uln2003/uln2003.h

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/components/stepper/stepper.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace uln2003 {
+namespace esphome::uln2003 {
 
 enum ULN2003StepMode {
   ULN2003_STEP_MODE_FULL_STEP,
@@ -40,5 +39,4 @@ class ULN2003 : public stepper::Stepper, public Component {
   int32_t current_uln_pos_{0};
 };
 
-}  // namespace uln2003
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::uln2003

esphome/components/valve/valve.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/controller_registry.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
+
 #include <strings.h>
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -38,13 +40,13 @@ Valve::Valve() : position{VALVE_OPEN} {}
 
 ValveCall::ValveCall(Valve *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
 ValveCall &ValveCall::set_command(const char *command) {
-  if (strcasecmp(command, "OPEN") == 0) {
+  if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("OPEN")) == 0) {
     this->set_command_open();
-  } else if (strcasecmp(command, "CLOSE") == 0) {
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("CLOSE")) == 0) {
     this->set_command_close();
-  } else if (strcasecmp(command, "STOP") == 0) {
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("STOP")) == 0) {
     this->set_command_stop();
-  } else if (strcasecmp(command, "TOGGLE") == 0) {
+  } else if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(command, ESPHOME_PSTR("TOGGLE")) == 0) {
     this->set_command_toggle();
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "'%s' - Unrecognized command %s", this->parent_->get_name().c_str(), command);
@@ -161,7 +163,7 @@ void Valve::publish_state(bool save) {
   }
 }
 optional<ValveRestoreState> Valve::restore_state_() {
-  this->rtc_ = global_preferences->make_preference<ValveRestoreState>(this->get_preference_hash());
+  this->rtc_ = this->make_entity_preference<ValveRestoreState>();
   ValveRestoreState recovered{};
   if (!this->rtc_.load(&recovered))
     return {};

esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.cpp

@@ -430,14 +430,12 @@ void VoiceAssistant::client_subscription(api::APIConnection *client, bool subscr
   }
 
   if (this->api_client_ != nullptr) {
-    char current_peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
-    char new_peername[socket::SOCKADDR_STR_LEN];
     ESP_LOGE(TAG,
              "Multiple API Clients attempting to connect to Voice Assistant\n"
              "Current client: %s (%s)\n"
              "New client: %s (%s)",
-             this->api_client_->get_name(), this->api_client_->get_peername_to(current_peername), client->get_name(),
-             client->get_peername_to(new_peername));
+             this->api_client_->get_name(), this->api_client_->get_peername(), client->get_name(),
+             client->get_peername());
     return;
   }
 

esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.cpp

@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ void WaterHeater::publish_state() {
 }
 
 optional<WaterHeaterCall> WaterHeater::restore_state_() {
-  this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<SavedWaterHeaterState>(this->get_preference_hash());
+  this->pref_ = this->make_entity_preference<SavedWaterHeaterState>();
   SavedWaterHeaterState recovered{};
   if (!this->pref_.load(&recovered))
     return {};

esphome/components/web_server_base/__init__.py

@@ -48,4 +48,4 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if CORE.is_libretiny:
             CORE.add_platformio_option("lib_ignore", ["ESPAsyncTCP", "RPAsyncTCP"])
         # https://github.com/ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer/blob/main/library.json
-        cg.add_library("ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer", "3.7.10")
+        cg.add_library("ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer", "3.9.5")

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp

@@ -746,16 +746,32 @@ void WiFiComponent::setup_ap_config_() {
     return;
 
   if (this->ap_.get_ssid().empty()) {
-    std::string name = App.get_name();
-    if (name.length() > 32) {
+    // Build AP SSID from app name without heap allocation
+    // WiFi SSID max is 32 bytes, with MAC suffix we keep first 25 + last 7
+    static constexpr size_t AP_SSID_MAX_LEN = 32;
+    static constexpr size_t AP_SSID_PREFIX_LEN = 25;
+    static constexpr size_t AP_SSID_SUFFIX_LEN = 7;
+
+    const std::string &app_name = App.get_name();
+    const char *name_ptr = app_name.c_str();
+    size_t name_len = app_name.length();
+
+    if (name_len <= AP_SSID_MAX_LEN) {
+      // Name fits, use directly
+      this->ap_.set_ssid(name_ptr);
+    } else {
+      // Name too long, need to truncate into stack buffer
+      char ssid_buf[AP_SSID_MAX_LEN + 1];
       if (App.is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled()) {
         // Keep first 25 chars and last 7 chars (MAC suffix), remove middle
-        name.erase(25, name.length() - 32);
+        memcpy(ssid_buf, name_ptr, AP_SSID_PREFIX_LEN);
+        memcpy(ssid_buf + AP_SSID_PREFIX_LEN, name_ptr + name_len - AP_SSID_SUFFIX_LEN, AP_SSID_SUFFIX_LEN);
       } else {
-        name.resize(32);
+        memcpy(ssid_buf, name_ptr, AP_SSID_MAX_LEN);
       }
+      ssid_buf[AP_SSID_MAX_LEN] = '\0';
+      this->ap_.set_ssid(ssid_buf);
     }
-    this->ap_.set_ssid(name);
   }
   this->ap_setup_ = this->wifi_start_ap_(this->ap_);
 

esphome/core/entity_base.cpp

@@ -92,6 +92,48 @@ StringRef EntityBase::get_object_id_to(std::span<char, OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN> buf) c
 
 uint32_t EntityBase::get_object_id_hash() { return this->object_id_hash_; }
 
+// Migrate preference data from old_key to new_key if they differ.
+// This helper is exposed so callers with custom key computation (like TextPrefs)
+// can use it for manual migration. See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
+//
+// FUTURE IMPLEMENTATION:
+// This will require raw load/save methods on ESPPreferenceObject that take uint8_t* and size.
+//   void EntityBase::migrate_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t old_key, uint32_t new_key) {
+//     if (old_key == new_key)
+//       return;
+//     auto old_pref = global_preferences->make_preference(size, old_key);
+//     auto new_pref = global_preferences->make_preference(size, new_key);
+//     SmallBufferWithHeapFallback<64> buffer(size);
+//     if (old_pref.load(buffer.data(), size)) {
+//       new_pref.save(buffer.data(), size);
+//     }
+//   }
+
+ESPPreferenceObject EntityBase::make_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t version) {
+  // This helper centralizes preference creation to enable fixing hash collisions.
+  // See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
+  //
+  // COLLISION PROBLEM: get_preference_hash() uses fnv1_hash on sanitized object_id.
+  // Multiple entity names can sanitize to the same object_id:
+  //   - "Living Room" and "living_room" both become "living_room"
+  //   - UTF-8 names like "温度" and "湿度" both become "__" (underscores)
+  // This causes entities to overwrite each other's stored preferences.
+  //
+  // FUTURE MIGRATION: When implementing get_preference_hash_v2() that hashes
+  // the original entity name (not sanitized object_id):
+  //
+  //   uint32_t old_key = this->get_preference_hash() ^ version;
+  //   uint32_t new_key = this->get_preference_hash_v2() ^ version;
+  //   this->migrate_entity_preference_(size, old_key, new_key);
+  //   return global_preferences->make_preference(size, new_key);
+  //
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
+  uint32_t key = this->get_preference_hash() ^ version;
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+  return global_preferences->make_preference(size, key);
+}
+
 std::string EntityBase_DeviceClass::get_device_class() {
   if (this->device_class_ == nullptr) {
     return "";

esphome/core/entity_base.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "string_ref.h"
 #include "helpers.h"
 #include "log.h"
+#include "preferences.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
 #include "device.h"
@@ -138,7 +139,12 @@ class EntityBase {
    * from previous versions, so existing single-device configurations will continue to work.
    *
    * @return uint32_t The unique hash for preferences, including device_id if available.
+   * @deprecated Use make_entity_preference<T>() instead, or preferences won't be migrated.
+   * See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85
    */
+  ESPDEPRECATED("Use make_entity_preference<T>() instead, or preferences won't be migrated. "
+                "See https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/85. Will be removed in 2027.1.0.",
+                "2026.7.0")
   uint32_t get_preference_hash() {
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
     // Combine object_id_hash with device_id to ensure uniqueness across devices
@@ -151,7 +157,19 @@ class EntityBase {
 #endif
   }
 
+  /// Create a preference object for storing this entity's state/settings.
+  /// @tparam T The type of data to store (must be trivially copyable)
+  /// @param version Optional version hash XORed with preference key (change when struct layout changes)
+  template<typename T> ESPPreferenceObject make_entity_preference(uint32_t version = 0) {
+    static_assert(std::is_trivially_copyable<T>::value, "T must be trivially copyable");
+    return this->make_entity_preference_(sizeof(T), version);
+  }
+
  protected:
+  /// Non-template helper for make_entity_preference() to avoid code bloat.
+  /// When preference hash algorithm changes, migration logic goes here.
+  ESPPreferenceObject make_entity_preference_(size_t size, uint32_t version);
+
   void calc_object_id_();
 
   StringRef name_;

esphome/core/helpers.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/progmem.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 #include <strings.h>
@@ -451,15 +452,15 @@ std::string format_bin(const uint8_t *data, size_t length) {
 }
 
 ParseOnOffState parse_on_off(const char *str, const char *on, const char *off) {
-  if (on == nullptr && strcasecmp(str, "on") == 0)
+  if (on == nullptr && ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(str, ESPHOME_PSTR("on")) == 0)
     return PARSE_ON;
   if (on != nullptr && strcasecmp(str, on) == 0)
     return PARSE_ON;
-  if (off == nullptr && strcasecmp(str, "off") == 0)
+  if (off == nullptr && ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(str, ESPHOME_PSTR("off")) == 0)
     return PARSE_OFF;
   if (off != nullptr && strcasecmp(str, off) == 0)
     return PARSE_OFF;
-  if (strcasecmp(str, "toggle") == 0)
+  if (ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P(str, ESPHOME_PSTR("toggle")) == 0)
     return PARSE_TOGGLE;
 
   return PARSE_NONE;

esphome/core/helpers.h

@@ -655,9 +655,11 @@ inline uint32_t fnv1_hash_object_id(const char *str, size_t len) {
 }
 
 /// snprintf-like function returning std::string of maximum length \p len (excluding null terminator).
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use snprintf() with a stack buffer instead.
 std::string __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 3))) str_snprintf(const char *fmt, size_t len, ...);
 
 /// sprintf-like function returning std::string.
+/// @warning Allocates heap memory. Use snprintf() with a stack buffer instead.
 std::string __attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2))) str_sprintf(const char *fmt, ...);
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266

esphome/core/progmem.h

@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
 #define ESPHOME_strncpy_P strncpy_P
 #define ESPHOME_strncat_P strncat_P
 #define ESPHOME_snprintf_P snprintf_P
+#define ESPHOME_strcmp_P strcmp_P
+#define ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P strcasecmp_P
+#define ESPHOME_strncmp_P strncmp_P
+#define ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P strncasecmp_P
 // Type for pointers to PROGMEM strings (for use with ESPHOME_F return values)
 using ProgmemStr = const __FlashStringHelper *;
 #else
@@ -21,6 +25,10 @@ using ProgmemStr = const __FlashStringHelper *;
 #define ESPHOME_strncpy_P strncpy
 #define ESPHOME_strncat_P strncat
 #define ESPHOME_snprintf_P snprintf
+#define ESPHOME_strcmp_P strcmp
+#define ESPHOME_strcasecmp_P strcasecmp
+#define ESPHOME_strncmp_P strncmp
+#define ESPHOME_strncasecmp_P strncasecmp
 // Type for pointers to strings (no PROGMEM on non-ESP8266 platforms)
 using ProgmemStr = const char *;
 #endif

esphome/espota2.py

@@ -154,6 +154,12 @@ def check_error(data: list[int] | bytes, expect: int | list[int] | None) -> None
     """
     if not expect:
         return
+    if not data:
+        raise OTAError(
+            "Error: Device closed connection without responding. "
+            "This may indicate the device ran out of memory, "
+            "a network issue, or the connection was interrupted."
+        )
     dat = data[0]
     if dat == RESPONSE_ERROR_MAGIC:
         raise OTAError("Error: Invalid magic byte")

platformio.ini

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ lib_deps =
     ESP8266WiFi                           ; wifi (Arduino built-in)
     Update                                ; ota (Arduino built-in)
     ESP32Async/ESPAsyncTCP@2.0.0          ; async_tcp
-    ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.7.8    ; web_server_base
+    ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.9.5    ; web_server_base
     makuna/NeoPixelBus@2.7.3              ; neopixelbus
     ESP8266HTTPClient                     ; http_request (Arduino built-in)
     ESP8266mDNS                           ; mdns (Arduino built-in)
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ framework = arduino
 lib_deps =
     ${common:arduino.lib_deps}
     bblanchon/ArduinoJson@7.4.2           ; json
-    ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.7.8    ; web_server_base
+    ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.9.5    ; web_server_base
 build_flags =
     ${common:arduino.build_flags}
     -DUSE_RP2040
@@ -212,12 +212,12 @@ build_unflags =
 ; This are common settings for the LibreTiny (all variants) using Arduino.
 [common:libretiny-arduino]
 extends = common:arduino
-platform = libretiny@1.9.2
+platform = https://github.com/libretiny-eu/libretiny.git#v1.11.0
 framework = arduino
 lib_compat_mode = soft
 lib_deps =
     bblanchon/ArduinoJson@7.4.2           ; json
-    ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.7.8    ; web_server_base
+    ESP32Async/ESPAsyncWebServer@3.9.5    ; web_server_base
     droscy/esp_wireguard@0.4.2            ; wireguard
 build_flags =
     ${common:arduino.build_flags}

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools==80.10.1", "wheel>=0.43,<0.47"]
+requires = ["setuptools==80.10.2", "wheel>=0.43,<0.47"]
 build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]

requirements.txt

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.18  # When updating platformio, also update /docker/Dockerfile
 esptool==5.1.0
 click==8.1.7
 esphome-dashboard==20260110.0
-aioesphomeapi==43.13.0
+aioesphomeapi==43.14.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.19.1 # dashboard_import

script/ci-custom.py

@@ -692,6 +692,8 @@ HEAP_ALLOCATING_HELPERS = {
     "str_truncate": "removal (function is unused)",
     "str_upper_case": "removal (function is unused)",
     "str_snake_case": "removal (function is unused)",
+    "str_sprintf": "snprintf() with a stack buffer",
+    "str_snprintf": "snprintf() with a stack buffer",
 }
 
 
@@ -710,7 +712,9 @@ HEAP_ALLOCATING_HELPERS = {
     r"str_sanitize(?!_)|"
     r"str_truncate|"
     r"str_upper_case|"
-    r"str_snake_case"
+    r"str_snake_case|"
+    r"str_sprintf|"
+    r"str_snprintf"
     r")\s*\(" + CPP_RE_EOL,
     include=cpp_include,
     exclude=[

tests/components/http_request/test-custom-ca.esp32-idf.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+substitutions:
+  verify_ssl: "true"
+
+http_request:
+  ca_certificate_path: $component_dir/test_ca.pem
+
+<<: !include common.yaml

tests/components/http_request/test_ca.pem

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
+MIIBkTCB+wIJAKHBfpegPjMCMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBCwUAMBExDzANBgNVBAMMBnVu
+dXNlZDAeFw0yNDAxMDEwMDAwMDBaFw0yNTAxMDEwMDAwMDBaMBExDzANBgNVBAMM
+BnVudXNlZDBcMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA0sAMEgCQQC5mMUB1hOgLmlnXtsvcGMP
+XkhAqZaR0dDPW5OS8VEopWLJCX9Y0cvNCqiDI8cnP8pP8XJGU1hGLvA5PJzWnWZz
+AgMBAAGjUzBRMB0GA1UdDgQWBBR5oQ9KqFeZOdBuAJrXxEP0dqzPtTAfBgNVHSME
+GDAWgBR5oQ9KqFeZOdBuAJrXxEP0dqzPtTAPBgNVHRMBAf8EBTADAQH/MA0GCSqG
+SIb3DQEBCwUAA0EAKqZFf6+f8FPDbKyPCpssquojgn7fEXqr/I/yz0R5CowGdMms
+H3WH3aKP4lLSHdPTBtfIoJi3gEIZjFxp3S1TWw==
+-----END CERTIFICATE-----

tests/components/text_sensor/common.yaml

@@ -64,3 +64,16 @@ text_sensor:
           - suffix -> SUFFIX
       - map:
           - PREFIX text SUFFIX -> mapped
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Lambda Filter"
+    id: test_lambda_filter
+    filters:
+      - lambda: |-
+          return {"[" + x + "]"};
+      - to_upper
+      - lambda: |-
+          if (x.length() > 10) {
+            return {x.substr(0, 10) + "..."};
+          }
+          return {x};

tests/integration/fixtures/text_sensor_raw_state.yaml

@@ -56,6 +56,36 @@ text_sensor:
       - prepend: "["
       - append: "]"
 
+  - platform: template
+    name: "To Lower Sensor"
+    id: to_lower_sensor
+    filters:
+      - to_lower
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Lambda Sensor"
+    id: lambda_sensor
+    filters:
+      - lambda: |-
+          return {"[" + x + "]"};
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Lambda Raw State Sensor"
+    id: lambda_raw_state_sensor
+    filters:
+      - lambda: |-
+          return {x + " MODIFIED"};
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Lambda Skip Sensor"
+    id: lambda_skip_sensor
+    filters:
+      - lambda: |-
+          if (x == "skip") {
+            return {};
+          }
+          return {x + " passed"};
+
 # Button to publish values and log raw_state vs state
 button:
   - platform: template
@@ -179,3 +209,73 @@ button:
           format: "CHAINED: state='%s'"
           args:
             - id(chained_sensor).state.c_str()
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test To Lower Button"
+    id: test_to_lower_button
+    on_press:
+      - text_sensor.template.publish:
+          id: to_lower_sensor
+          state: "HELLO WORLD"
+      - delay: 50ms
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "TO_LOWER: state='%s'"
+          args:
+            - id(to_lower_sensor).state.c_str()
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Lambda Button"
+    id: test_lambda_button
+    on_press:
+      - text_sensor.template.publish:
+          id: lambda_sensor
+          state: "test"
+      - delay: 50ms
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "LAMBDA: state='%s'"
+          args:
+            - id(lambda_sensor).state.c_str()
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Lambda Pass Button"
+    id: test_lambda_pass_button
+    on_press:
+      - text_sensor.template.publish:
+          id: lambda_skip_sensor
+          state: "value"
+      - delay: 50ms
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "LAMBDA_PASS: state='%s'"
+          args:
+            - id(lambda_skip_sensor).state.c_str()
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Lambda Skip Button"
+    id: test_lambda_skip_button
+    on_press:
+      - text_sensor.template.publish:
+          id: lambda_skip_sensor
+          state: "skip"
+      - delay: 50ms
+      # When lambda returns {}, the value should NOT be published
+      # so state should remain from previous publish (or empty if first)
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "LAMBDA_SKIP: state='%s'"
+          args:
+            - id(lambda_skip_sensor).state.c_str()
+
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Test Lambda Raw State Button"
+    id: test_lambda_raw_state_button
+    on_press:
+      - text_sensor.template.publish:
+          id: lambda_raw_state_sensor
+          state: "original"
+      - delay: 50ms
+      # Verify raw_state is preserved (not mutated) after lambda filter
+      # state should be "original MODIFIED", raw_state should be "original"
+      - logger.log:
+          format: "LAMBDA_RAW_STATE: state='%s' raw_state='%s'"
+          args:
+            - id(lambda_raw_state_sensor).state.c_str()
+            - id(lambda_raw_state_sensor).get_raw_state().c_str()

tests/integration/test_text_sensor_raw_state.py

@@ -42,6 +42,11 @@ async def test_text_sensor_raw_state(
     map_off_future: asyncio.Future[str] = loop.create_future()
     map_unknown_future: asyncio.Future[str] = loop.create_future()
     chained_future: asyncio.Future[str] = loop.create_future()
+    to_lower_future: asyncio.Future[str] = loop.create_future()
+    lambda_future: asyncio.Future[str] = loop.create_future()
+    lambda_pass_future: asyncio.Future[str] = loop.create_future()
+    lambda_skip_future: asyncio.Future[str] = loop.create_future()
+    lambda_raw_state_future: asyncio.Future[tuple[str, str]] = loop.create_future()
 
     # Patterns to match log output
     # NO_FILTER: state='hello world' raw_state='hello world'
@@ -58,6 +63,13 @@ async def test_text_sensor_raw_state(
     map_off_pattern = re.compile(r"MAP_OFF: state='([^']*)'")
     map_unknown_pattern = re.compile(r"MAP_UNKNOWN: state='([^']*)'")
     chained_pattern = re.compile(r"CHAINED: state='([^']*)'")
+    to_lower_pattern = re.compile(r"TO_LOWER: state='([^']*)'")
+    lambda_pattern = re.compile(r"LAMBDA: state='([^']*)'")
+    lambda_pass_pattern = re.compile(r"LAMBDA_PASS: state='([^']*)'")
+    lambda_skip_pattern = re.compile(r"LAMBDA_SKIP: state='([^']*)'")
+    lambda_raw_state_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"LAMBDA_RAW_STATE: state='([^']*)' raw_state='([^']*)'"
+    )
 
     def check_output(line: str) -> None:
         """Check log output for expected messages."""
@@ -92,6 +104,27 @@ async def test_text_sensor_raw_state(
         if not chained_future.done() and (match := chained_pattern.search(line)):
             chained_future.set_result(match.group(1))
 
+        if not to_lower_future.done() and (match := to_lower_pattern.search(line)):
+            to_lower_future.set_result(match.group(1))
+
+        if not lambda_future.done() and (match := lambda_pattern.search(line)):
+            lambda_future.set_result(match.group(1))
+
+        if not lambda_pass_future.done() and (
+            match := lambda_pass_pattern.search(line)
+        ):
+            lambda_pass_future.set_result(match.group(1))
+
+        if not lambda_skip_future.done() and (
+            match := lambda_skip_pattern.search(line)
+        ):
+            lambda_skip_future.set_result(match.group(1))
+
+        if not lambda_raw_state_future.done() and (
+            match := lambda_raw_state_pattern.search(line)
+        ):
+            lambda_raw_state_future.set_result((match.group(1), match.group(2)))
+
     async with (
         run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
         api_client_connected() as client,
@@ -272,3 +305,111 @@ async def test_text_sensor_raw_state(
             pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for CHAINED log message")
 
         assert state == "[value]", f"Chained failed: expected '[value]', got '{state}'"
+
+        # Test 10: to_lower filter
+        # "HELLO WORLD" -> "hello world"
+        to_lower_button = next(
+            (e for e in entities if "test_to_lower_button" in e.object_id.lower()),
+            None,
+        )
+        assert to_lower_button is not None, "Test To Lower Button not found"
+        client.button_command(to_lower_button.key)
+
+        try:
+            state = await asyncio.wait_for(to_lower_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for TO_LOWER log message")
+
+        assert state == "hello world", (
+            f"to_lower failed: expected 'hello world', got '{state}'"
+        )
+
+        # Test 11: Lambda filter
+        # "test" -> "[test]"
+        lambda_button = next(
+            (e for e in entities if "test_lambda_button" in e.object_id.lower()),
+            None,
+        )
+        assert lambda_button is not None, "Test Lambda Button not found"
+        client.button_command(lambda_button.key)
+
+        try:
+            state = await asyncio.wait_for(lambda_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for LAMBDA log message")
+
+        assert state == "[test]", f"Lambda failed: expected '[test]', got '{state}'"
+
+        # Test 12: Lambda filter - value passes through
+        # "value" -> "value passed"
+        lambda_pass_button = next(
+            (e for e in entities if "test_lambda_pass_button" in e.object_id.lower()),
+            None,
+        )
+        assert lambda_pass_button is not None, "Test Lambda Pass Button not found"
+        client.button_command(lambda_pass_button.key)
+
+        try:
+            state = await asyncio.wait_for(lambda_pass_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for LAMBDA_PASS log message")
+
+        assert state == "value passed", (
+            f"Lambda pass failed: expected 'value passed', got '{state}'"
+        )
+
+        # Test 13: Lambda filter - skip publishing (return {})
+        # "skip" -> no publish, state remains "value passed" from previous test
+        lambda_skip_button = next(
+            (e for e in entities if "test_lambda_skip_button" in e.object_id.lower()),
+            None,
+        )
+        assert lambda_skip_button is not None, "Test Lambda Skip Button not found"
+        client.button_command(lambda_skip_button.key)
+
+        try:
+            state = await asyncio.wait_for(lambda_skip_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for LAMBDA_SKIP log message")
+
+        # When lambda returns {}, value should NOT be published
+        # State remains from previous successful publish ("value passed")
+        assert state == "value passed", (
+            f"Lambda skip failed: expected 'value passed' (unchanged), got '{state}'"
+        )
+
+        # Test 14: Lambda filter - verify raw_state is preserved (not mutated)
+        # This is critical to verify the in-place mutation optimization is safe
+        # "original" -> state="original MODIFIED", raw_state="original"
+        lambda_raw_state_button = next(
+            (
+                e
+                for e in entities
+                if "test_lambda_raw_state_button" in e.object_id.lower()
+            ),
+            None,
+        )
+        assert lambda_raw_state_button is not None, (
+            "Test Lambda Raw State Button not found"
+        )
+        client.button_command(lambda_raw_state_button.key)
+
+        try:
+            state, raw_state = await asyncio.wait_for(
+                lambda_raw_state_future, timeout=5.0
+            )
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for LAMBDA_RAW_STATE log message")
+
+        assert state == "original MODIFIED", (
+            f"Lambda raw_state test failed: expected state='original MODIFIED', "
+            f"got '{state}'"
+        )
+        assert raw_state == "original", (
+            f"Lambda raw_state test failed: raw_state was mutated! "
+            f"Expected 'original', got '{raw_state}'"
+        )
+        assert state != raw_state, (
+            f"Lambda filter should modify state but preserve raw_state. "
+            f"state='{state}', raw_state='{raw_state}'"
+        )

tests/unit_tests/test_espota2.py

@@ -192,6 +192,20 @@ def test_check_error_unexpected_response() -> None:
         espota2.check_error([0x7F], [espota2.RESPONSE_OK, espota2.RESPONSE_AUTH_OK])
 
 
+def test_check_error_empty_data() -> None:
+    """Test check_error raises error when device closes connection without responding."""
+    with pytest.raises(
+        espota2.OTAError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
+    ):
+        espota2.check_error([], [espota2.RESPONSE_OK])
+
+    # Also test with empty bytes
+    with pytest.raises(
+        espota2.OTAError, match="Device closed connection without responding"
+    ):
+        espota2.check_error(b"", [espota2.RESPONSE_OK])
+
+
 def test_send_check_with_various_data_types(mock_socket: Mock) -> None:
     """Test send_check handles different data types."""