disable loop when unused

Co-authored-by: Fabio Pugliese Ornellas <fabio.ornellas@gmail.com>

esphome/components/a01nyub/a01nyub.cpp

@@ -30,7 +30,9 @@ void A01nyubComponent::check_buffer_() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance from sensor: %f mm, %f m", distance, meters);
       this->publish_state(meters);
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data read from sensor: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_).c_str());
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(4)];
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data read from sensor: %s",
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_.data(), this->buffer_.size()));
     }
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "checksum failed: %02x != %02x", checksum, this->buffer_[3]);

esphome/components/a02yyuw/a02yyuw.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@ void A02yyuwComponent::check_buffer_() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance from sensor: %f mm", distance);
       this->publish_state(distance);
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data read from sensor: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_).c_str());
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(4)];
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data read from sensor: %s",
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_.data(), this->buffer_.size()));
     }
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "checksum failed: %02x != %02x", checksum, this->buffer_[3]);

esphome/components/addressable_light/addressable_light_display.h

@@ -25,11 +25,13 @@ class AddressableLightDisplay : public display::DisplayBuffer {
       if (enabled_ && !enabled) {  // enabled -> disabled
         // - Tell the parent light to refresh, effectively wiping the display. Also
         //   restores the previous effect (if any).
-        light_state_->make_call().set_effect(this->last_effect_).perform();
+        if (this->last_effect_index_.has_value()) {
+          light_state_->make_call().set_effect(*this->last_effect_index_).perform();
+        }
 
       } else if (!enabled_ && enabled) {  // disabled -> enabled
-        // - Save the current effect.
-        this->last_effect_ = light_state_->get_effect_name();
+        // - Save the current effect index.
+        this->last_effect_index_ = light_state_->get_current_effect_index();
         // - Disable any current effect.
         light_state_->make_call().set_effect(0).perform();
       }
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ class AddressableLightDisplay : public display::DisplayBuffer {
   int32_t width_;
   int32_t height_;
   std::vector<Color> addressable_light_buffer_;
-  optional<std::string> last_effect_;
+  optional<uint32_t> last_effect_index_;
   optional<std::function<int(int, int)>> pixel_mapper_f_;
 };
 }  // namespace addressable_light

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -226,32 +226,6 @@ def _encryption_schema(config):
     return ENCRYPTION_SCHEMA(config)
 
 
-def _validate_api_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    """Validate API configuration with mutual exclusivity check and deprecation warning."""
-    # Check if both password and encryption are configured
-    has_password = CONF_PASSWORD in config and config[CONF_PASSWORD]
-    has_encryption = CONF_ENCRYPTION in config
-
-    if has_password and has_encryption:
-        raise cv.Invalid(
-            "The 'password' and 'encryption' options are mutually exclusive. "
-            "The API client only supports one authentication method at a time. "
-            "Please remove one of them. "
-            "Note: 'password' authentication is deprecated and will be removed in version 2026.1.0. "
-            "We strongly recommend using 'encryption' instead for better security."
-        )
-
-    # Warn about password deprecation
-    if has_password:
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            "API 'password' authentication has been deprecated since May 2022 and will be removed in version 2026.1.0. "
-            "Please migrate to the 'encryption' configuration. "
-            "See https://esphome.io/components/api/#configuration-variables"
-        )
-
-    return config
-
-
 def _consume_api_sockets(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Register socket needs for API component."""
     from esphome.components import socket
@@ -268,7 +242,17 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         {
             cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(APIServer),
             cv.Optional(CONF_PORT, default=6053): cv.port,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_PASSWORD, default=""): cv.string_strict,
+            # Removed in 2026.1.0 - kept to provide helpful error message
+            cv.Optional(CONF_PASSWORD): cv.invalid(
+                "The 'password' option has been removed in ESPHome 2026.1.0.\n"
+                "Password authentication was deprecated in May 2022.\n"
+                "Please migrate to encryption for secure API communication:\n\n"
+                "api:\n"
+                "  encryption:\n"
+                "    key: !secret api_encryption_key\n\n"
+                "Generate a key with: openssl rand -base64 32\n"
+                "Or visit https://esphome.io/components/api/#configuration-variables"
+            ),
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT, default="15min"
             ): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
@@ -330,7 +314,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
         }
     ).extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA),
     cv.rename_key(CONF_SERVICES, CONF_ACTIONS),
-    _validate_api_config,
     _consume_api_sockets,
 )
 
@@ -344,9 +327,6 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     CORE.register_controller()
 
     cg.add(var.set_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
-    if config[CONF_PASSWORD]:
-        cg.add_define("USE_API_PASSWORD")
-        cg.add(var.set_password(config[CONF_PASSWORD]))
     cg.add(var.set_reboot_timeout(config[CONF_REBOOT_TIMEOUT]))
     cg.add(var.set_batch_delay(config[CONF_BATCH_DELAY]))
     if CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG in config:

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -7,10 +7,7 @@ service APIConnection {
     option (needs_setup_connection) = false;
     option (needs_authentication) = false;
   }
-  rpc authenticate (AuthenticationRequest) returns (AuthenticationResponse) {
-    option (needs_setup_connection) = false;
-    option (needs_authentication) = false;
-  }
+  // REMOVED in ESPHome 2026.1.0: rpc authenticate (AuthenticationRequest) returns (AuthenticationResponse)
   rpc disconnect (DisconnectRequest) returns (DisconnectResponse) {
     option (needs_setup_connection) = false;
     option (needs_authentication) = false;
@@ -82,14 +79,13 @@ service APIConnection {
 //  * VarInt denoting the type of message.
 //  * The message object encoded as a ProtoBuf message
 
-// The connection is established in 4 steps:
+// The connection is established in 2 steps:
 //  * First, the client connects to the server and sends a "Hello Request" identifying itself
-//  * The server responds with a "Hello Response" and selects the protocol version
-//  * After receiving this message, the client attempts to authenticate itself using
-//    the password and a "Connect Request"
-//  * The server responds with a "Connect Response" and notifies of invalid password.
+//  * The server responds with a "Hello Response" and the connection is authenticated
 // If anything in this initial process fails, the connection must immediately closed
 // by both sides and _no_ disconnection message is to be sent.
+// Note: Password authentication via AuthenticationRequest/AuthenticationResponse (message IDs 3, 4)
+// was removed in ESPHome 2026.1.0. Those message IDs are reserved and should not be reused.
 
 // Message sent at the beginning of each connection
 // Can only be sent by the client and only at the beginning of the connection
@@ -130,25 +126,23 @@ message HelloResponse {
   string name = 4;
 }
 
-// Message sent at the beginning of each connection to authenticate the client
-// Can only be sent by the client and only at the beginning of the connection
+// DEPRECATED in ESPHome 2026.1.0 - Password authentication is no longer supported.
+// These messages are kept for protocol documentation but are not processed by the server.
+// Use noise encryption instead: https://esphome.io/components/api/#configuration-variables
 message AuthenticationRequest {
   option (id) = 3;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
   option (no_delay) = true;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_PASSWORD";
+  option deprecated = true;
 
-  // The password to log in with
   string password = 1;
 }
 
-// Confirmation of successful connection. After this the connection is available for all traffic.
-// Can only be sent by the server and only at the beginning of the connection
 message AuthenticationResponse {
   option (id) = 4;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
   option (no_delay) = true;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_PASSWORD";
+  option deprecated = true;
 
   bool invalid_password = 1;
 }
@@ -205,7 +199,9 @@ message DeviceInfoResponse {
   option (id) = 10;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
 
-  bool uses_password = 1 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_PASSWORD"];
+  // Deprecated in ESPHome 2026.1.0, but kept for backward compatibility
+  // with older ESPHome versions that still send this field.
+  bool uses_password = 1 [deprecated = true];
 
   // The name of the node, given by "App.set_name()"
   string name = 2;
@@ -747,7 +743,7 @@ message NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest {
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_NOISE";
 
-  bytes key = 1 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
+  bytes key = 1;
 }
 
 message NoiseEncryptionSetKeyResponse {
@@ -796,7 +792,7 @@ message HomeassistantActionResponse {
   uint32 call_id = 1; // Matches the call_id from HomeassistantActionRequest
   bool success = 2; // Whether the service call succeeded
   string error_message = 3; // Error message if success = false
-  bytes response_data = 4 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON"];
+  bytes response_data = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON"];
 }
 
 // ==================== IMPORT HOME ASSISTANT STATES ====================
@@ -1292,7 +1288,7 @@ message ListEntitiesSirenResponse {
 
   string icon = 5 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   bool disabled_by_default = 6;
-  repeated string tones = 7;
+  repeated string tones = 7 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "FixedVector<const char *>"];
   bool supports_duration = 8;
   bool supports_volume = 9;
   EntityCategory entity_category = 10;
@@ -1692,7 +1688,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteRequest {
   uint32 handle = 2;
   bool response = 3;
 
-  bytes data = 4 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
+  bytes data = 4;
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest {
@@ -1712,7 +1708,7 @@ message BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest {
   uint64 address = 1;
   uint32 handle = 2;
 
-  bytes data = 3 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
+  bytes data = 3;
 }
 
 message BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest {
@@ -1937,7 +1933,7 @@ message VoiceAssistantAudio {
   option (source) = SOURCE_BOTH;
   option (ifdef) = "USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT";
 
-  bytes data = 1;
+  bytes data = 1 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
   bool end = 2;
 }
 
@@ -2425,7 +2421,7 @@ message ZWaveProxyFrame {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY";
   option (no_delay) = true;
 
-  bytes data = 1 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
+  bytes data = 1;
 }
 
 enum ZWaveProxyRequestType {
@@ -2439,5 +2435,5 @@ message ZWaveProxyRequest {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_ZWAVE_PROXY";
 
   ZWaveProxyRequestType type = 1;
-  bytes data = 2 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
+  bytes data = 2;
 }

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -1530,32 +1530,16 @@ bool APIConnection::send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) {
 
   HelloResponse resp;
   resp.api_version_major = 1;
-  resp.api_version_minor = 13;
+  resp.api_version_minor = 14;
   // Send only the version string - the client only logs this for debugging and doesn't use it otherwise
   resp.set_server_info(ESPHOME_VERSION_REF);
   resp.set_name(StringRef(App.get_name()));
 
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  // Password required - wait for authentication
-  this->flags_.connection_state = static_cast<uint8_t>(ConnectionState::CONNECTED);
-#else
-  // No password configured - auto-authenticate
+  // Auto-authenticate - password auth was removed in ESPHome 2026.1.0
   this->complete_authentication_();
-#endif
 
   return this->send_message(resp, HelloResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-bool APIConnection::send_authenticate_response(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) {
-  AuthenticationResponse resp;
-  // bool invalid_password = 1;
-  resp.invalid_password = !this->parent_->check_password(msg.password.byte(), msg.password.size());
-  if (!resp.invalid_password) {
-    this->complete_authentication_();
-  }
-  return this->send_message(resp, AuthenticationResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
-}
-#endif  // USE_API_PASSWORD
 
 bool APIConnection::send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) {
   PingResponse resp;
@@ -1564,9 +1548,6 @@ bool APIConnection::send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) {
 
 bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
   DeviceInfoResponse resp{};
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  resp.uses_password = true;
-#endif
   resp.set_name(StringRef(App.get_name()));
   resp.set_friendly_name(StringRef(App.get_friendly_name()));
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
@@ -1749,20 +1730,20 @@ void APIConnection::execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) {
   // the action list. This ensures async actions (delays, waits) complete first.
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message) {
+void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message) {
   ExecuteServiceResponse resp;
   resp.call_id = call_id;
   resp.success = success;
-  resp.set_error_message(StringRef(error_message));
+  resp.set_error_message(error_message);
   this->send_message(resp, ExecuteServiceResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
+void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message,
                                                   const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len) {
   ExecuteServiceResponse resp;
   resp.call_id = call_id;
   resp.success = success;
-  resp.set_error_message(StringRef(error_message));
+  resp.set_error_message(error_message);
   resp.response_data = response_data;
   resp.response_data_len = response_data_len;
   this->send_message(resp, ExecuteServiceResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
@@ -1845,12 +1826,6 @@ bool APIConnection::send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) {
   // Do not set last_traffic_ on send
   return true;
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-void APIConnection::on_unauthenticated_access() {
-  this->on_fatal_error();
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s (%s) no authentication", this->client_info_.name.c_str(), this->client_info_.peername.c_str());
-}
-#endif
 void APIConnection::on_no_setup_connection() {
   this->on_fatal_error();
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "%s (%s) no connection setup", this->client_info_.name.c_str(), this->client_info_.peername.c_str());

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -24,9 +24,10 @@ struct ClientInfo {
 // Keepalive timeout in milliseconds
 static constexpr uint32_t KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_MS = 60000;
 // Maximum number of entities to process in a single batch during initial state/info sending
-// This was increased from 20 to 24 after removing the unique_id field from entity info messages,
-// which reduced message sizes allowing more entities per batch without exceeding packet limits
-static constexpr size_t MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH = 24;
+// API 1.14+ clients compute object_id client-side, so messages are smaller and we can fit more per batch
+// TODO: Remove MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH_LEGACY before 2026.7.0 - all clients should support API 1.14 by then
+static constexpr size_t MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH_LEGACY = 24;  // For clients < API 1.14 (includes object_id)
+static constexpr size_t MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH = 34;         // For clients >= API 1.14 (no object_id)
 // Maximum number of packets to process in a single batch (platform-dependent)
 // This limit exists to prevent stack overflow from the PacketInfo array in process_batch_
 // Each PacketInfo is 8 bytes, so 64 * 8 = 512 bytes, 32 * 8 = 256 bytes
@@ -202,9 +203,6 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value) override;
 #endif
   bool send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) override;
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  bool send_authenticate_response(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
   bool send_disconnect_response(const DisconnectRequest &msg) override;
   bool send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) override;
   bool send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) override;
@@ -233,9 +231,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  void send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message);
+  void send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message);
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  void send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
+  void send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message,
                                      const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len);
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -260,9 +258,6 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   }
 
   void on_fatal_error() override;
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  void on_unauthenticated_access() override;
-#endif
   void on_no_setup_connection() override;
   ProtoWriteBuffer create_buffer(uint32_t reserve_size) override {
     // FIXME: ensure no recursive writes can happen
@@ -323,10 +318,16 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
                                               APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single) {
     // Set common fields that are shared by all entity types
     msg.key = entity->get_object_id_hash();
-    // Get object_id with zero heap allocation
-    // Static case returns direct reference, dynamic case uses buffer
+
+    // API 1.14+ clients compute object_id client-side from the entity name
+    // For older clients, we must send object_id for backward compatibility
+    // See: https://github.com/esphome/backlog/issues/76
+    // TODO: Remove this backward compat code before 2026.7.0 - all clients should support API 1.14 by then
+    // Buffer must remain in scope until encode_message_to_buffer is called
     char object_id_buf[OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN];
-    msg.set_object_id(entity->get_object_id_to(object_id_buf));
+    if (!conn->client_supports_api_version(1, 14)) {
+      msg.set_object_id(entity->get_object_id_to(object_id_buf));
+    }
 
     if (entity->has_own_name()) {
       msg.set_name(entity->get_name());
@@ -349,16 +350,24 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   inline bool check_voice_assistant_api_connection_() const;
 #endif
 
+  // Get the max batch size based on client API version
+  // API 1.14+ clients don't receive object_id, so messages are smaller and more fit per batch
+  // TODO: Remove this method before 2026.7.0 and use MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH directly
+  size_t get_max_batch_size_() const {
+    return this->client_supports_api_version(1, 14) ? MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH : MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH_LEGACY;
+  }
+
   // Helper method to process multiple entities from an iterator in a batch
   template<typename Iterator> void process_iterator_batch_(Iterator &iterator) {
     size_t initial_size = this->deferred_batch_.size();
-    while (!iterator.completed() && (this->deferred_batch_.size() - initial_size) < MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH) {
+    size_t max_batch = this->get_max_batch_size_();
+    while (!iterator.completed() && (this->deferred_batch_.size() - initial_size) < max_batch) {
       iterator.advance();
     }
 
     // If the batch is full, process it immediately
     // Note: iterator.advance() already calls schedule_batch_() via schedule_message_()
-    if (this->deferred_batch_.size() >= MAX_INITIAL_PER_BATCH) {
+    if (this->deferred_batch_.size() >= max_batch) {
       this->process_batch_();
     }
   }

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.cpp

@@ -13,12 +13,26 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.frame_helper";
 
+// Maximum bytes to log in hex format (168 * 3 = 504, under TX buffer size of 512)
+static constexpr size_t API_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
+
 #define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) \
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_info_->name.c_str(), this->client_info_->peername.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
-#define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received frame: %s", format_hex_pretty(buffer).c_str())
-#define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s", format_hex_pretty(data, len).c_str())
+#define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) \
+  do { \
+    char hex_buf_[format_hex_pretty_size(API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)]; \
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received frame: %s", \
+              format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf_, (buffer).data(), \
+                                   (buffer).size() < API_MAX_LOG_BYTES ? (buffer).size() : API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)); \
+  } while (0)
+#define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) \
+  do { \
+    char hex_buf_[format_hex_pretty_size(API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)]; \
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s", \
+              format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf_, data, (len) < API_MAX_LOG_BYTES ? (len) : API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)); \
+  } while (0)
 #else
 #define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ((void) 0)
 #define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) ((void) 0)

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -24,12 +24,26 @@ static const char *const PROLOGUE_INIT = "NoiseAPIInit";
 #endif
 static constexpr size_t PROLOGUE_INIT_LEN = 12;  // strlen("NoiseAPIInit")
 
+// Maximum bytes to log in hex format (168 * 3 = 504, under TX buffer size of 512)
+static constexpr size_t API_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
+
 #define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) \
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_info_->name.c_str(), this->client_info_->peername.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
-#define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received frame: %s", format_hex_pretty(buffer).c_str())
-#define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s", format_hex_pretty(data, len).c_str())
+#define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) \
+  do { \
+    char hex_buf_[format_hex_pretty_size(API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)]; \
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received frame: %s", \
+              format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf_, (buffer).data(), \
+                                   (buffer).size() < API_MAX_LOG_BYTES ? (buffer).size() : API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)); \
+  } while (0)
+#define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) \
+  do { \
+    char hex_buf_[format_hex_pretty_size(API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)]; \
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s", \
+              format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf_, data, (len) < API_MAX_LOG_BYTES ? (len) : API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)); \
+  } while (0)
 #else
 #define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ((void) 0)
 #define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) ((void) 0)

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp

@@ -18,12 +18,26 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "api.plaintext";
 
+// Maximum bytes to log in hex format (168 * 3 = 504, under TX buffer size of 512)
+static constexpr size_t API_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
+
 #define HELPER_LOG(msg, ...) \
   ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s (%s): " msg, this->client_info_->name.c_str(), this->client_info_->peername.c_str(), ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #ifdef HELPER_LOG_PACKETS
-#define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received frame: %s", format_hex_pretty(buffer).c_str())
-#define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s", format_hex_pretty(data, len).c_str())
+#define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) \
+  do { \
+    char hex_buf_[format_hex_pretty_size(API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)]; \
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Received frame: %s", \
+              format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf_, (buffer).data(), \
+                                   (buffer).size() < API_MAX_LOG_BYTES ? (buffer).size() : API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)); \
+  } while (0)
+#define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) \
+  do { \
+    char hex_buf_[format_hex_pretty_size(API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)]; \
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending raw: %s", \
+              format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf_, data, (len) < API_MAX_LOG_BYTES ? (len) : API_MAX_LOG_BYTES)); \
+  } while (0)
 #else
 #define LOG_PACKET_RECEIVED(buffer) ((void) 0)
 #define LOG_PACKET_SENDING(data, len) ((void) 0)

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -43,21 +43,6 @@ void HelloResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->server_info_ref_.size());
   size.add_length(1, this->name_ref_.size());
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-bool AuthenticationRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
-  switch (field_id) {
-    case 1: {
-      this->password = StringRef(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(value.data()), value.size());
-      break;
-    }
-    default:
-      return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
-void AuthenticationResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const { buffer.encode_bool(1, this->invalid_password); }
-void AuthenticationResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const { size.add_bool(1, this->invalid_password); }
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
 void AreaInfo::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->area_id);
@@ -81,9 +66,6 @@ void DeviceInfo::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 }
 #endif
 void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  buffer.encode_bool(1, this->uses_password);
-#endif
   buffer.encode_string(2, this->name_ref_);
   buffer.encode_string(3, this->mac_address_ref_);
   buffer.encode_string(4, this->esphome_version_ref_);
@@ -139,9 +121,6 @@ void DeviceInfoResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
 #endif
 }
 void DeviceInfoResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  size.add_bool(1, this->uses_password);
-#endif
   size.add_length(1, this->name_ref_.size());
   size.add_length(1, this->mac_address_ref_.size());
   size.add_length(1, this->esphome_version_ref_.size());
@@ -1710,8 +1689,8 @@ void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon_ref_);
 #endif
   buffer.encode_bool(6, this->disabled_by_default);
-  for (auto &it : this->tones) {
-    buffer.encode_string(7, it, true);
+  for (const char *it : *this->tones) {
+    buffer.encode_string(7, it, strlen(it), true);
   }
   buffer.encode_bool(8, this->supports_duration);
   buffer.encode_bool(9, this->supports_volume);
@@ -1728,9 +1707,9 @@ void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->icon_ref_.size());
 #endif
   size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
-  if (!this->tones.empty()) {
-    for (const auto &it : this->tones) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
+  if (!this->tones->empty()) {
+    for (const char *it : *this->tones) {
+      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
   size.add_bool(1, this->supports_duration);
@@ -2527,20 +2506,22 @@ bool VoiceAssistantAudio::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
 }
 bool VoiceAssistantAudio::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
-    case 1:
-      this->data = value.as_string();
+    case 1: {
+      this->data = value.data();
+      this->data_len = value.size();
       break;
+    }
     default:
       return false;
   }
   return true;
 }
 void VoiceAssistantAudio::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_bytes(1, this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_);
+  buffer.encode_bytes(1, this->data, this->data_len);
   buffer.encode_bool(2, this->end);
 }
 void VoiceAssistantAudio::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_length(1, this->data_len_);
+  size.add_length(1, this->data_len);
   size.add_bool(1, this->end);
 }
 bool VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -393,39 +393,6 @@ class HelloResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
 
  protected:
 };
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-class AuthenticationRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
- public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 3;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 9;
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-  const char *message_name() const override { return "authentication_request"; }
-#endif
-  StringRef password{};
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-  void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
-#endif
-
- protected:
-  bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-};
-class AuthenticationResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
- public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 4;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 2;
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-  const char *message_name() const override { return "authentication_response"; }
-#endif
-  bool invalid_password{false};
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-  void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
-#endif
-
- protected:
-};
-#endif
 class DisconnectRequest final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 5;
@@ -525,12 +492,9 @@ class DeviceInfo final : public ProtoMessage {
 class DeviceInfoResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 10;
-  static constexpr uint16_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 257;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 255;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "device_info_response"; }
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  bool uses_password{false};
 #endif
   StringRef name_ref_{};
   void set_name(const StringRef &ref) { this->name_ref_ = ref; }
@@ -1046,7 +1010,7 @@ class SubscribeLogsRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 class SubscribeLogsResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 29;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "subscribe_logs_response"; }
 #endif
@@ -1388,7 +1352,7 @@ class ListEntitiesCameraResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 class CameraImageResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 44;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 20;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 30;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "camera_image_response"; }
 #endif
@@ -1708,7 +1672,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSirenResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_siren_response"; }
 #endif
-  std::vector<std::string> tones{};
+  const FixedVector<const char *> *tones{};
   bool supports_duration{false};
   bool supports_volume{false};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
@@ -2123,7 +2087,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTReadRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 class BluetoothGATTReadResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 74;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 17;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "bluetooth_gatt_read_response"; }
 #endif
@@ -2218,7 +2182,7 @@ class BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 class BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 79;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 17;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 27;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "bluetooth_gatt_notify_data_response"; }
 #endif
@@ -2521,17 +2485,12 @@ class VoiceAssistantEventResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 class VoiceAssistantAudio final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 106;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 11;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 21;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "voice_assistant_audio"; }
 #endif
-  std::string data{};
-  const uint8_t *data_ptr_{nullptr};
-  size_t data_len_{0};
-  void set_data(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-    this->data_ptr_ = data;
-    this->data_len_ = len;
-  }
+  const uint8_t *data{nullptr};
+  uint16_t data_len{0};
   bool end{false};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -748,18 +748,6 @@ void HelloResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "server_info", this->server_info_ref_);
   dump_field(out, "name", this->name_ref_);
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-void AuthenticationRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
-  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "AuthenticationRequest");
-  out.append("  password: ");
-  out.append("'").append(this->password.c_str(), this->password.size()).append("'");
-  out.append("\n");
-}
-void AuthenticationResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
-  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "AuthenticationResponse");
-  dump_field(out, "invalid_password", this->invalid_password);
-}
-#endif
 void DisconnectRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const { out.append("DisconnectRequest {}"); }
 void DisconnectResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const { out.append("DisconnectResponse {}"); }
 void PingRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const { out.append("PingRequest {}"); }
@@ -782,9 +770,6 @@ void DeviceInfo::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
 #endif
 void DeviceInfoResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "DeviceInfoResponse");
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  dump_field(out, "uses_password", this->uses_password);
-#endif
   dump_field(out, "name", this->name_ref_);
   dump_field(out, "mac_address", this->mac_address_ref_);
   dump_field(out, "esphome_version", this->esphome_version_ref_);
@@ -1579,7 +1564,7 @@ void ListEntitiesSirenResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "icon", this->icon_ref_);
 #endif
   dump_field(out, "disabled_by_default", this->disabled_by_default);
-  for (const auto &it : this->tones) {
+  for (const auto &it : *this->tones) {
     dump_field(out, "tones", it, 4);
   }
   dump_field(out, "supports_duration", this->supports_duration);
@@ -1978,11 +1963,7 @@ void VoiceAssistantEventResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
 void VoiceAssistantAudio::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "VoiceAssistantAudio");
   out.append("  data: ");
-  if (this->data_ptr_ != nullptr) {
-    out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->data_ptr_, this->data_len_));
-  } else {
-    out.append(format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(this->data.data()), this->data.size()));
-  }
+  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->data, this->data_len));
   out.append("\n");
   dump_field(out, "end", this->end);
 }

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -24,17 +24,6 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       this->on_hello_request(msg);
       break;
     }
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-    case AuthenticationRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
-      AuthenticationRequest msg;
-      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_authentication_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
-#endif
-      this->on_authentication_request(msg);
-      break;
-    }
-#endif
     case DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       DisconnectRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
@@ -643,13 +632,6 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
   }
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-void APIServerConnection::on_authentication_request(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) {
-  if (!this->send_authenticate_response(msg)) {
-    this->on_fatal_error();
-  }
-}
-#endif
 void APIServerConnection::on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &msg) {
   if (!this->send_disconnect_response(msg)) {
     this->on_fatal_error();
@@ -841,10 +823,7 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg)
 void APIServerConnection::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {
   // Check authentication/connection requirements for messages
   switch (msg_type) {
-    case HelloRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:  // No setup required
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-    case AuthenticationRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:  // No setup required
-#endif
+    case HelloRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:       // No setup required
     case DisconnectRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:  // No setup required
     case PingRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:        // No setup required
       break;                               // Skip all checks for these messages

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -26,10 +26,6 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 
   virtual void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &value){};
 
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  virtual void on_authentication_request(const AuthenticationRequest &value){};
-#endif
-
   virtual void on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &value){};
   virtual void on_disconnect_response(const DisconnectResponse &value){};
   virtual void on_ping_request(const PingRequest &value){};
@@ -228,9 +224,6 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
  public:
   virtual bool send_hello_response(const HelloRequest &msg) = 0;
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  virtual bool send_authenticate_response(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) = 0;
-#endif
   virtual bool send_disconnect_response(const DisconnectRequest &msg) = 0;
   virtual bool send_ping_response(const PingRequest &msg) = 0;
   virtual bool send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) = 0;
@@ -357,9 +350,6 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
  protected:
   void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) override;
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  void on_authentication_request(const AuthenticationRequest &msg) override;
-#endif
   void on_disconnect_request(const DisconnectRequest &msg) override;
   void on_ping_request(const PingRequest &msg) override;
   void on_device_info_request(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) override;

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -224,38 +224,6 @@ void APIServer::dump_config() {
 #endif
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-bool APIServer::check_password(const uint8_t *password_data, size_t password_len) const {
-  // depend only on input password length
-  const char *a = this->password_.c_str();
-  uint32_t len_a = this->password_.length();
-  const char *b = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(password_data);
-  uint32_t len_b = password_len;
-
-  // disable optimization with volatile
-  volatile uint32_t length = len_b;
-  volatile const char *left = nullptr;
-  volatile const char *right = b;
-  uint8_t result = 0;
-
-  if (len_a == length) {
-    left = *((volatile const char **) &a);
-    result = 0;
-  }
-  if (len_a != length) {
-    left = b;
-    result = 1;
-  }
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
-    result |= *left++ ^ *right++;  // NOLINT
-  }
-
-  return result == 0;
-}
-
-#endif
-
 void APIServer::handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn) {}
 
 // Macro for controller update dispatch
@@ -377,10 +345,6 @@ float APIServer::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_WIFI;
 
 void APIServer::set_port(uint16_t port) { this->port_ = port; }
 
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-void APIServer::set_password(const std::string &password) { this->password_ = password; }
-#endif
-
 void APIServer::set_batch_delay(uint16_t batch_delay) { this->batch_delay_ = batch_delay; }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
@@ -394,7 +358,7 @@ void APIServer::register_action_response_callback(uint32_t call_id, ActionRespon
   this->action_response_callbacks_.push_back({call_id, std::move(callback)});
 }
 
-void APIServer::handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message) {
+void APIServer::handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message) {
   for (auto it = this->action_response_callbacks_.begin(); it != this->action_response_callbacks_.end(); ++it) {
     if (it->call_id == call_id) {
       auto callback = std::move(it->callback);
@@ -406,7 +370,7 @@ void APIServer::handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std
   }
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-void APIServer::handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
+void APIServer::handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message,
                                        const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len) {
   for (auto it = this->action_response_callbacks_.begin(); it != this->action_response_callbacks_.end(); ++it) {
     if (it->call_id == call_id) {
@@ -678,7 +642,7 @@ void APIServer::unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(APIConnection *con
   }
 }
 
-void APIServer::send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message) {
+void APIServer::send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message) {
   for (auto &call : this->active_action_calls_) {
     if (call.action_call_id == action_call_id) {
       call.connection->send_execute_service_response(call.client_call_id, success, error_message);
@@ -688,7 +652,7 @@ void APIServer::send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, cons
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send response: no active call found for action_call_id %u", action_call_id);
 }
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-void APIServer::send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
+void APIServer::send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message,
                                      const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len) {
   for (auto &call : this->active_action_calls_) {
     if (call.action_call_id == action_call_id) {

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -59,10 +59,6 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   void on_camera_image(const std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> &image) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  bool check_password(const uint8_t *password_data, size_t password_len) const;
-  void set_password(const std::string &password);
 #endif
   void set_port(uint16_t port);
   void set_reboot_timeout(uint32_t reboot_timeout);
@@ -143,10 +139,10 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   // Action response handling
   using ActionResponseCallback = std::function<void(const class ActionResponse &)>;
   void register_action_response_callback(uint32_t call_id, ActionResponseCallback callback);
-  void handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message);
+  void handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message);
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  void handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
-                              const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len);
+  void handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message, const uint8_t *response_data,
+                              size_t response_data_len);
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
@@ -165,9 +161,9 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void unregister_active_action_call(uint32_t action_call_id);
   void unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(APIConnection *conn);
   // Send response for a specific action call (uses action_call_id, sends client_call_id in response)
-  void send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message);
+  void send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message);
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  void send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
+  void send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, StringRef error_message,
                             const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len);
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -256,9 +252,6 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 
   // Vectors and strings (12 bytes each on 32-bit)
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>> clients_;
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  std::string password_;
-#endif
   std::vector<uint8_t> shared_write_buffer_;  // Shared proto write buffer for all connections
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> state_subs_;

esphome/components/api/client.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ with warnings.catch_warnings():
 
 import contextlib
 
-from esphome.const import CONF_KEY, CONF_PASSWORD, CONF_PORT, __version__
+from esphome.const import CONF_KEY, CONF_PORT, __version__
 from esphome.core import CORE
 
 from . import CONF_ENCRYPTION
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ async def async_run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], addresses: list[str]) -> None:
     conf = config["api"]
     name = config["esphome"]["name"]
     port: int = int(conf[CONF_PORT])
-    password: str = conf[CONF_PASSWORD]
     noise_psk: str | None = None
     if (encryption := conf.get(CONF_ENCRYPTION)) and (key := encryption.get(CONF_KEY)):
         noise_psk = key
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ async def async_run_logs(config: dict[str, Any], addresses: list[str]) -> None:
     cli = APIClient(
         addresses[0],  # Primary address for compatibility
         port,
-        password,
+        "",  # Password auth removed in 2026.1.0
         client_info=f"ESPHome Logs {__version__}",
         noise_psk=noise_psk,
         addresses=addresses,  # Pass all addresses for automatic retry

esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h

@@ -67,10 +67,10 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TemplatableKeyValuePair {
 // the callback is invoked synchronously while the message is on the stack).
 class ActionResponse {
  public:
-  ActionResponse(bool success, const std::string &error_message) : success_(success), error_message_(error_message) {}
+  ActionResponse(bool success, StringRef error_message) : success_(success), error_message_(error_message) {}
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  ActionResponse(bool success, const std::string &error_message, const uint8_t *data, size_t data_len)
+  ActionResponse(bool success, StringRef error_message, const uint8_t *data, size_t data_len)
       : success_(success), error_message_(error_message) {
     if (data == nullptr || data_len == 0)
       return;

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -833,9 +833,6 @@ class ProtoService {
   virtual bool is_authenticated() = 0;
   virtual bool is_connection_setup() = 0;
   virtual void on_fatal_error() = 0;
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-  virtual void on_unauthenticated_access() = 0;
-#endif
   virtual void on_no_setup_connection() = 0;
   /**
    * Create a buffer with a reserved size.
@@ -873,20 +870,7 @@ class ProtoService {
     return true;
   }
 
-  inline bool check_authenticated_() {
-#ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
-    if (!this->check_connection_setup_()) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (!this->is_authenticated()) {
-      this->on_unauthenticated_access();
-      return false;
-    }
-    return true;
-#else
-    return this->check_connection_setup_();
-#endif
-  }
+  inline bool check_authenticated_() { return this->check_connection_setup_(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class APIRespondAction : public Action<Ts...> {
             bool return_response = std::get<1>(args);
             if (!return_response) {
               // Client doesn't want response data, just send success/error
-              this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, error_message);
+              this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, StringRef(error_message));
               return;
             }
           }
@@ -265,12 +265,12 @@ template<typename... Ts> class APIRespondAction : public Action<Ts...> {
       json::JsonBuilder builder;
       this->json_builder_(x..., builder.root());
       std::string json_str = builder.serialize();
-      this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, error_message,
+      this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, StringRef(error_message),
                                           reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(json_str.data()), json_str.size());
       return;
     }
 #endif
-    this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, error_message);
+    this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, StringRef(error_message));
   }
 
  protected:

esphome/components/captive_portal/dns_server_esp32_idf.cpp

@@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ struct DNSAnswer {
 
 void DNSServer::start(const network::IPAddress &ip) {
   this->server_ip_ = ip;
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Starting DNS server on %s", ip.str().c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char ip_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Starting DNS server on %s", ip.str_to(ip_buf));
+#endif
 
   // Create loop-monitored UDP socket
   this->socket_ = socket::socket_ip_loop_monitored(SOCK_DGRAM, IPPROTO_UDP);

esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.cpp

@@ -128,7 +128,9 @@ void CH422GGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->
 bool CH422GGPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) ^ this->inverted_; }
 
 void CH422GGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) { this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value ^ this->inverted_); }
-std::string CH422GGPIOPin::dump_summary() const { return str_sprintf("EXIO%u via CH422G", pin_); }
+size_t CH422GGPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "EXIO%u via CH422G", this->pin_);
+}
 void CH422GGPIOPin::set_flags(gpio::Flags flags) {
   flags_ = flags;
   this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags);

esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.h

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class CH422GGPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_parent(CH422GComponent *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }

esphome/components/cse7766/cse7766.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 #include "cse7766.h"
-#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace cse7766 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "cse7766";
+static constexpr size_t CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE = 24;
 
 void CSE7766Component::loop() {
   const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
@@ -70,8 +72,8 @@ bool CSE7766Component::check_byte_() {
 void CSE7766Component::parse_data_() {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE
   {
-    std::string s = format_hex_pretty(this->raw_data_, sizeof(this->raw_data_));
-    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Raw data: %s", s.c_str());
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(CSE7766_RAW_DATA_SIZE)];
+    ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Raw data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->raw_data_, sizeof(this->raw_data_)));
   }
 #endif
 

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi";
+static constexpr size_t EPAPER_MAX_CMD_LOG_BYTES = 128;
 
 static constexpr const char *const EPAPER_STATE_STRINGS[] = {
     "IDLE",          "UPDATE",   "RESET",          "RESET_END", "SHOULD_WAIT", "INITIALISE",
@@ -68,8 +69,11 @@ void EPaperBase::data(uint8_t value) {
 // The command is the first byte, length is the length of data only in the second byte, followed by the data.
 // [COMMAND, LENGTH, DATA...]
 void EPaperBase::cmd_data(uint8_t command, const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) {
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(EPAPER_MAX_CMD_LOG_BYTES)];
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command: 0x%02X, Length: %d, Data: %s", command, length,
-           format_hex_pretty(ptr, length, '.', false).c_str());
+           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, ptr, length, '.'));
+#endif
 
   this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
   this->enable();

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ CONF_ENABLE_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES = "enable_idf_experimental_features"
 CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_ASSERT = "enable_lwip_assert"
 CONF_ENABLE_OTA_ROLLBACK = "enable_ota_rollback"
 CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM = "execute_from_psram"
+CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION = "minimum_chip_revision"
 CONF_RELEASE = "release"
 
 LOG_LEVELS_IDF = [
@@ -109,6 +110,21 @@ COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS = {
     "SIZE": "CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_SIZE",
 }
 
+# ESP32 (original) chip revision options
+# Setting minimum revision to 3.0 or higher:
+# - Reduces flash size by excluding workaround code for older chip bugs
+# - For PSRAM users: disables CONFIG_SPIRAM_CACHE_WORKAROUND, which saves significant
+#   IRAM by keeping C library functions in ROM instead of recompiling them
+# See: https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/stable/esp32/api-reference/system/chip_revision.html
+ESP32_CHIP_REVISIONS = {
+    "0.0": "CONFIG_ESP32_REV_MIN_0",
+    "1.0": "CONFIG_ESP32_REV_MIN_1",
+    "1.1": "CONFIG_ESP32_REV_MIN_1_1",
+    "2.0": "CONFIG_ESP32_REV_MIN_2",
+    "3.0": "CONFIG_ESP32_REV_MIN_3",
+    "3.1": "CONFIG_ESP32_REV_MIN_3_1",
+}
+
 # Socket limit configuration for ESP-IDF
 # ESP-IDF CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS has range 1-253, default 10
 DEFAULT_MAX_SOCKETS = 10  # ESP-IDF default
@@ -566,6 +582,16 @@ def final_validate(config):
                 path=[CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_ADVANCED, CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC],
             )
         )
+    if (
+        config[CONF_VARIANT] != VARIANT_ESP32
+        and advanced.get(CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION) is not None
+    ):
+        errs.append(
+            cv.Invalid(
+                f"'{CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION}' is only supported on {VARIANT_ESP32}",
+                path=[CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_ADVANCED, CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION],
+            )
+        )
     if advanced[CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM]:
         if config[CONF_VARIANT] != VARIANT_ESP32S3:
             errs.append(
@@ -694,6 +720,9 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
                 cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_ASSERT, default=True): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_CUSTOM_MAC, default=False): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION): cv.one_of(
+                    *ESP32_CHIP_REVISIONS
+                ),
                 # DHCP server is needed for WiFi AP mode. When WiFi component is used,
                 # it will handle disabling DHCP server when AP is not configured.
                 # Default to false (disabled) when WiFi is not used.
@@ -1017,6 +1046,16 @@ async def to_code(config):
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
         f"CONFIG_ESPTOOLPY_FLASHSIZE_{config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE]}", True
     )
+
+    # Set minimum chip revision for ESP32 variant
+    # Setting this to 3.0 or higher reduces flash size by excluding workaround code,
+    # and for PSRAM users saves significant IRAM by keeping C library functions in ROM.
+    if variant == VARIANT_ESP32:
+        min_rev = conf[CONF_ADVANCED].get(CONF_MINIMUM_CHIP_REVISION)
+        if min_rev is not None:
+            for rev, flag in ESP32_CHIP_REVISIONS.items():
+                add_idf_sdkconfig_option(flag, rev == min_rev)
+            cg.add_define("USE_ESP32_MIN_CHIP_REVISION_SET")
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_SINGLE_APP", False)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_CUSTOM", True)
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_PARTITION_TABLE_CUSTOM_FILENAME", "partitions.csv")

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.cpp

@@ -97,10 +97,8 @@ void ESP32InternalGPIOPin::attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpi
   gpio_isr_handler_add(this->get_pin_num(), func, arg);
 }
 
-std::string ESP32InternalGPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "GPIO%" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->pin_));
-  return buffer;
+size_t ESP32InternalGPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "GPIO%" PRIu32, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->pin_));
 }
 
 void ESP32InternalGPIOPin::setup() {

esphome/components/esp32/gpio.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class ESP32InternalGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
   void detach_interrupt() const override;
   ISRInternalGPIOPin to_isr() const override;
   uint8_t get_pin() const override { return this->pin_; }

esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import binary_sensor, esp32_ble, improv_base, output
 from esphome.components.esp32_ble import BTLoggers
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_STATE, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID, CONF_ON_START, CONF_ON_STATE, CONF_TRIGGER_ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_server", "improv_base"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@jesserockz"]
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ CONF_BLE_SERVER_ID = "ble_server_id"
 CONF_IDENTIFY_DURATION = "identify_duration"
 CONF_ON_PROVISIONED = "on_provisioned"
 CONF_ON_PROVISIONING = "on_provisioning"
-CONF_ON_START = "on_start"
 CONF_ON_STOP = "on_stop"
 CONF_STATUS_INDICATOR = "status_indicator"
 CONF_WIFI_TIMEOUT = "wifi_timeout"

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h"
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_2902.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ namespace esp32_improv {
 using namespace bytebuffer;
 
 static const char *const TAG = "esp32_improv.component";
+static constexpr size_t IMPROV_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 128;
 static const char *const ESPHOME_MY_LINK = "https://my.home-assistant.io/redirect/config_flow_start?domain=esphome";
 static constexpr uint16_t STOP_ADVERTISING_DELAY =
     10000;  // Delay (ms) before stopping service to allow BLE clients to read the final state
@@ -314,7 +316,11 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::dump_config() {
 void ESP32ImprovComponent::process_incoming_data_() {
   uint8_t length = this->incoming_data_[1];
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Processing bytes - %s", format_hex_pretty(this->incoming_data_).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(IMPROV_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Processing bytes - %s",
+           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->incoming_data_.data(), this->incoming_data_.size()));
+#endif
   if (this->incoming_data_.size() - 3 == length) {
     this->set_error_(improv::ERROR_NONE);
     improv::ImprovCommand command = improv::parse_improv_data(this->incoming_data_);
@@ -403,8 +409,12 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::check_wifi_connection_() {
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
     for (auto &ip : wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_sta_ip_addresses()) {
       if (ip.is_ip4()) {
-        char url_buffer[64];
-        snprintf(url_buffer, sizeof(url_buffer), "http://%s:%d", ip.str().c_str(), USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
+        // "http://" (7) + IPv4 max (15) + ":" (1) + port max (5) + null = 29
+        char url_buffer[32];
+        memcpy(url_buffer, "http://", 7);  // NOLINT(bugprone-not-null-terminated-result) - str_to null-terminates
+        ip.str_to(url_buffer + 7);
+        size_t len = strlen(url_buffer);
+        snprintf(url_buffer + len, sizeof(url_buffer) - len, ":%d", USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
         url_strings[url_count++] = url_buffer;
         break;
       }

esphome/components/esp8266/__init__.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from .const import (
     KEY_ESP8266,
     KEY_FLASH_SIZE,
     KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES,
+    KEY_WAVEFORM_REQUIRED,
     esp8266_ns,
 )
 from .gpio import PinInitialState, add_pin_initial_states_array
@@ -192,7 +193,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add_platformio_option(
         "extra_scripts",
-        ["pre:testing_mode.py", "pre:exclude_updater.py", "post:post_build.py"],
+        [
+            "pre:testing_mode.py",
+            "pre:exclude_updater.py",
+            "pre:exclude_waveform.py",
+            "post:post_build.py",
+        ],
     )
 
     conf = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
@@ -264,10 +270,24 @@ async def to_code(config):
             cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.ldscript", ld_script)
 
     CORE.add_job(add_pin_initial_states_array)
+    CORE.add_job(finalize_waveform_config)
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WORKAROUNDS)
+async def finalize_waveform_config() -> None:
+    """Add waveform stubs define if waveform is not required.
+
+    This runs at WORKAROUNDS priority (-999) to ensure all components
+    have had a chance to call require_waveform() first.
+    """
+    if not CORE.data.get(KEY_ESP8266, {}).get(KEY_WAVEFORM_REQUIRED, False):
+        # No component needs waveform - enable stubs and exclude Arduino waveform code
+        # Use build flag (visible to both C++ code and PlatformIO script)
+        cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP8266_WAVEFORM_STUBS")
 
 
 # Called by writer.py
-def copy_files():
+def copy_files() -> None:
     dir = Path(__file__).parent
     post_build_file = dir / "post_build.py.script"
     copy_file_if_changed(
@@ -284,3 +304,8 @@ def copy_files():
         exclude_updater_file,
         CORE.relative_build_path("exclude_updater.py"),
     )
+    exclude_waveform_file = dir / "exclude_waveform.py.script"
+    copy_file_if_changed(
+        exclude_waveform_file,
+        CORE.relative_build_path("exclude_waveform.py"),
+    )

esphome/components/esp8266/const.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.core import CORE
 
 KEY_ESP8266 = "esp8266"
 KEY_BOARD = "board"
@@ -6,6 +7,25 @@ KEY_PIN_INITIAL_STATES = "pin_initial_states"
 CONF_RESTORE_FROM_FLASH = "restore_from_flash"
 CONF_EARLY_PIN_INIT = "early_pin_init"
 KEY_FLASH_SIZE = "flash_size"
+KEY_WAVEFORM_REQUIRED = "waveform_required"
 
 # esp8266 namespace is already defined by arduino, manually prefix esphome
 esp8266_ns = cg.global_ns.namespace("esphome").namespace("esp8266")
+
+
+def require_waveform() -> None:
+    """Mark that Arduino waveform/PWM support is required.
+
+    Call this from components that need the Arduino waveform generator
+    (startWaveform, stopWaveform, analogWrite, Tone, Servo).
+
+    If no component calls this, the waveform code is excluded from the build
+    to save ~596 bytes of RAM and 464 bytes of flash.
+
+    Example:
+        from esphome.components.esp8266.const import require_waveform
+
+        async def to_code(config):
+            require_waveform()
+    """
+    CORE.data.setdefault(KEY_ESP8266, {})[KEY_WAVEFORM_REQUIRED] = True

esphome/components/esp8266/exclude_waveform.py.script

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# pylint: disable=E0602
+Import("env")  # noqa
+
+import os
+
+# Filter out waveform/PWM code from the Arduino core build
+# This saves ~596 bytes of RAM and 464 bytes of flash by not
+# instantiating the waveform generator state structures (wvfState + pwmState).
+#
+# The waveform code is used by: analogWrite, Tone, Servo, and direct
+# startWaveform/stopWaveform calls. ESPHome's esp8266_pwm component
+# calls require_waveform() to keep this code when needed.
+#
+# When excluded, we provide stub implementations of stopWaveform() and
+# _stopPWM() since digitalWrite() calls these unconditionally.
+
+
+def has_define_flag(env, name):
+    """Check if a define exists in the build flags."""
+    define_flag = f"-D{name}"
+    # Check BUILD_FLAGS (where ESPHome puts its defines)
+    for flag in env.get("BUILD_FLAGS", []):
+        if flag == define_flag or flag.startswith(f"{define_flag}="):
+            return True
+    # Also check CPPDEFINES list (parsed defines)
+    for define in env.get("CPPDEFINES", []):
+        if isinstance(define, tuple):
+            if define[0] == name:
+                return True
+        elif define == name:
+            return True
+    return False
+
+# USE_ESP8266_WAVEFORM_STUBS is defined when no component needs waveform
+if has_define_flag(env, "USE_ESP8266_WAVEFORM_STUBS"):
+
+    def filter_waveform_from_core(env, node):
+        """Filter callback to exclude waveform files from framework build."""
+        path = node.get_path()
+        filename = os.path.basename(path)
+        if filename in (
+            "core_esp8266_waveform_pwm.cpp",
+            "core_esp8266_waveform_phase.cpp",
+        ):
+            print(f"ESPHome: Excluding {filename} from build (waveform not required)")
+            return None
+        return node
+
+    # Apply the filter to framework sources
+    env.AddBuildMiddleware(filter_waveform_from_core, "**/cores/esp8266/*.cpp")

esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.cpp

@@ -98,10 +98,8 @@ void ESP8266GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   pinMode(pin_, flags_to_mode(flags, pin_));  // NOLINT
 }
 
-std::string ESP8266GPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "GPIO%u", pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t ESP8266GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "GPIO%u", this->pin_);
 }
 
 bool ESP8266GPIOPin::digital_read() {

esphome/components/esp8266/gpio.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class ESP8266GPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
   void detach_interrupt() const override;
   ISRInternalGPIOPin to_isr() const override;
   uint8_t get_pin() const override { return pin_; }

esphome/components/esp8266/waveform_stubs.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#ifdef USE_ESP8266_WAVEFORM_STUBS
+
+// Stub implementations for Arduino waveform/PWM functions.
+//
+// When the waveform generator is not needed (no esp8266_pwm component),
+// we exclude core_esp8266_waveform_pwm.cpp from the build to save ~596 bytes
+// of RAM and 464 bytes of flash.
+//
+// These stubs satisfy calls from the Arduino GPIO code when the real
+// waveform implementation is excluded. They must be in the global namespace
+// with C linkage to match the Arduino core function declarations.
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+// Empty namespace to satisfy linter - actual stubs must be at global scope
+namespace esphome::esp8266 {}  // namespace esphome::esp8266
+
+extern "C" {
+
+// Called by Arduino GPIO code to stop any waveform on a pin
+int stopWaveform(uint8_t pin) {
+  (void) pin;
+  return 1;  // Success (no waveform to stop)
+}
+
+// Called by Arduino GPIO code to stop any PWM on a pin
+bool _stopPWM(uint8_t pin) {
+  (void) pin;
+  return false;  // No PWM was running
+}
+
+}  // extern "C"
+
+#endif  // USE_ESP8266_WAVEFORM_STUBS

esphome/components/esp8266_pwm/output.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from esphome import automation, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import output
+from esphome.components.esp8266.const import require_waveform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_FREQUENCY, CONF_ID, CONF_NUMBER, CONF_PIN
 
@@ -34,7 +35,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config) -> None:
+    require_waveform()
+
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
     await output.register_output(var, config)

esphome/components/espnow/espnow_component.cpp

@@ -64,18 +64,6 @@ static const LogString *espnow_error_to_str(esp_err_t error) {
   }
 }
 
-std::string peer_str(uint8_t *peer) {
-  if (peer == nullptr || peer[0] == 0) {
-    return "[Not Set]";
-  } else if (memcmp(peer, ESPNOW_BROADCAST_ADDR, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN) == 0) {
-    return "[Broadcast]";
-  } else if (memcmp(peer, ESPNOW_MULTICAST_ADDR, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN) == 0) {
-    return "[Multicast]";
-  } else {
-    return format_mac_address_pretty(peer);
-  }
-}
-
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 5, 0)
 void on_send_report(const esp_now_send_info_t *info, esp_now_send_status_t status)
 #else
@@ -140,11 +128,13 @@ void ESPNowComponent::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Disabled");
     return;
   }
+  char own_addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  format_mac_addr_upper(this->own_address_, own_addr_buf);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Own address: %s\n"
                 "  Version: v%" PRIu32 "\n"
                 "  Wi-Fi channel: %d",
-                format_mac_address_pretty(this->own_address_).c_str(), version, this->wifi_channel_);
+                own_addr_buf, version, this->wifi_channel_);
 #ifdef USE_WIFI
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Wi-Fi enabled: %s", YESNO(this->is_wifi_enabled()));
 #endif
@@ -300,9 +290,12 @@ void ESPNowComponent::loop() {
         // Intentionally left as if instead of else in case the peer is added above
         if (esp_now_is_peer_exist(info.src_addr)) {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+          char src_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+          char dst_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
           char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(ESP_NOW_MAX_DATA_LEN)];
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "<<< [%s -> %s] %s", format_mac_address_pretty(info.src_addr).c_str(),
-                   format_mac_address_pretty(info.des_addr).c_str(),
+          format_mac_addr_upper(info.src_addr, src_buf);
+          format_mac_addr_upper(info.des_addr, dst_buf);
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "<<< [%s -> %s] %s", src_buf, dst_buf,
                    format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, packet->packet_.receive.data, packet->packet_.receive.size));
 #endif
           if (memcmp(info.des_addr, ESPNOW_BROADCAST_ADDR, ESP_NOW_ETH_ALEN) == 0) {
@@ -321,8 +314,9 @@ void ESPNowComponent::loop() {
       }
       case ESPNowPacket::SENT: {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, ">>> [%s] %s", format_mac_address_pretty(packet->packet_.sent.address).c_str(),
-                 LOG_STR_ARG(espnow_error_to_str(packet->packet_.sent.status)));
+        char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        format_mac_addr_upper(packet->packet_.sent.address, addr_buf);
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, ">>> [%s] %s", addr_buf, LOG_STR_ARG(espnow_error_to_str(packet->packet_.sent.status)));
 #endif
         if (this->current_send_packet_ != nullptr) {
           this->current_send_packet_->callback_(packet->packet_.sent.status);
@@ -409,8 +403,9 @@ void ESPNowComponent::send_() {
   this->current_send_packet_ = packet;
   esp_err_t err = esp_now_send(packet->address_, packet->data_, packet->size_);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to send packet to %s - %s", format_mac_address_pretty(packet->address_).c_str(),
-             LOG_STR_ARG(espnow_error_to_str(err)));
+    char addr_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    format_mac_addr_upper(packet->address_, addr_buf);
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to send packet to %s - %s", addr_buf, LOG_STR_ARG(espnow_error_to_str(err)));
     if (packet->callback_ != nullptr) {
       packet->callback_(err);
     }
@@ -439,8 +434,9 @@ esp_err_t ESPNowComponent::add_peer(const uint8_t *peer) {
     esp_err_t err = esp_now_add_peer(&peer_info);
 
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to add peer %s - %s", format_mac_address_pretty(peer).c_str(),
-               LOG_STR_ARG(espnow_error_to_str(err)));
+      char peer_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      format_mac_addr_upper(peer, peer_buf);
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to add peer %s - %s", peer_buf, LOG_STR_ARG(espnow_error_to_str(err)));
       this->status_momentary_warning("peer-add-failed");
       return err;
     }
@@ -468,8 +464,9 @@ esp_err_t ESPNowComponent::del_peer(const uint8_t *peer) {
   if (esp_now_is_peer_exist(peer)) {
     esp_err_t err = esp_now_del_peer(peer);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to delete peer %s - %s", format_mac_address_pretty(peer).c_str(),
-               LOG_STR_ARG(espnow_error_to_str(err)));
+      char peer_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      format_mac_addr_upper(peer, peer_buf);
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to delete peer %s - %s", peer_buf, LOG_STR_ARG(espnow_error_to_str(err)));
       this->status_momentary_warning("peer-del-failed");
       return err;
     }

esphome/components/gps/__init__.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SPEED,
     DEVICE_CLASS_SPEED,
     STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+    STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT_ANGLE,
     UNIT_DEGREES,
     UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR,
     UNIT_METER,
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ CONF_HDOP = "hdop"
 
 ICON_ALTIMETER = "mdi:altimeter"
 ICON_COMPASS = "mdi:compass"
+ICON_CIRCLE_DOUBLE = "mdi:circle-double"
 ICON_LATITUDE = "mdi:latitude"
 ICON_LONGITUDE = "mdi:longitude"
 ICON_SATELLITE = "mdi:satellite-variant"
@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DEGREES,
                 icon=ICON_LONGITUDE,
                 accuracy_decimals=6,
-                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT_ANGLE,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_SPEED): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_KILOMETER_PER_HOUR,
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_DEGREES,
                 icon=ICON_COMPASS,
                 accuracy_decimals=2,
-                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
+                state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT_ANGLE,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_ALTITUDE): sensor.sensor_schema(
                 unit_of_measurement=UNIT_METER,
@@ -72,11 +74,14 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_SATELLITES): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                # no unit_of_measurement
                 icon=ICON_SATELLITE,
                 accuracy_decimals=0,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_HDOP): sensor.sensor_schema(
+                # no unit_of_measurement
+                icon=ICON_CIRCLE_DOUBLE,
                 accuracy_decimals=3,
                 state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
             ),

esphome/components/hlw8012/hlw8012.cpp

@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ void HLW8012Component::setup() {
 }
 void HLW8012Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "HLW8012:");
-  LOG_PIN("  SEL Pin: ", this->sel_pin_)
-  LOG_PIN("  CF Pin: ", this->cf_pin_)
-  LOG_PIN("  CF1 Pin: ", this->cf1_pin_)
+  LOG_PIN("  SEL Pin: ", this->sel_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  CF Pin: ", this->cf_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  CF1 Pin: ", this->cf1_pin_);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Change measurement mode every %" PRIu32 "\n"
                 "  Current resistor: %.1f mΩ\n"

esphome/components/host/gpio.cpp

@@ -25,11 +25,7 @@ void HostGPIOPin::attach_interrupt(void (*func)(void *), void *arg, gpio::Interr
 }
 void HostGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting pin %d mode to %02X", pin_, (uint32_t) flags); }
 
-std::string HostGPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "GPIO%u", pin_);
-  return buffer;
-}
+size_t HostGPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const { return snprintf(buffer, len, "GPIO%u", this->pin_); }
 
 bool HostGPIOPin::digital_read() { return inverted_; }
 void HostGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {

esphome/components/host/gpio.h

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class HostGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
   void detach_interrupt() const override;
   ISRInternalGPIOPin to_isr() const override;
   uint8_t get_pin() const override { return pin_; }

esphome/components/hte501/hte501.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ namespace hte501 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "hte501";
 
+static constexpr size_t HTE501_SERIAL_NUMBER_SIZE = 7;
+
 void HTE501Component::setup() {
   uint8_t address[] = {0x70, 0x29};
   uint8_t identification[9];
@@ -16,7 +18,10 @@ void HTE501Component::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    Serial Number: 0x%s", format_hex(identification + 0, 7).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char serial_hex[format_hex_size(HTE501_SERIAL_NUMBER_SIZE)];
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    Serial Number: 0x%s", format_hex_to(serial_hex, identification, HTE501_SERIAL_NUMBER_SIZE));
 }
 
 void HTE501Component::dump_config() {

esphome/components/i2c/__init__.py

@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ async def register_i2c_device(var, config):
 
     Sets the i2c bus to use and the i2c address.
 
-    This is a coroutine, you need to await it with a 'yield' expression!
+    This is a coroutine, you need to await it with an 'await' expression!
     """
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_I2C_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_i2c_bus(parent))

esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/jsn_sr04t.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,9 @@ void Jsnsr04tComponent::check_buffer_() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Distance from sensor: %umm, %.3fm", distance, meters);
       this->publish_state(meters);
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data read from sensor: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_).c_str());
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(4)];
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid data read from sensor: %s",
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_.data(), this->buffer_.size()));
     }
   } else {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "checksum failed: %02x != %02x", checksum, this->buffer_[3]);

esphome/components/kuntze/kuntze.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "kuntze.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
@@ -10,11 +11,17 @@ static const char *const TAG = "kuntze";
 static const uint8_t CMD_READ_REG = 0x03;
 static const uint16_t REGISTER[] = {4136, 4160, 4680, 6000, 4688, 4728, 5832};
 
+// Maximum bytes to log for Modbus responses (2 registers = 4, plus count = 5)
+static constexpr size_t KUNTZE_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 8;
+
 void Kuntze::on_modbus_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
   auto get_16bit = [&](int i) -> uint16_t { return (uint16_t(data[i * 2]) << 8) | uint16_t(data[i * 2 + 1]); };
 
   this->waiting_ = false;
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Data: %s", format_hex_pretty(data).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(KUNTZE_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data.data(), data.size()));
 
   float value = (float) get_16bit(0);
   for (int i = 0; i < data[3]; i++)

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp

@@ -413,7 +413,8 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
     return true;
   }
   if (!ld2410::validate_header_footer(CMD_FRAME_HEADER, this->buffer_data_)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid header: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_data_, HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE).c_str());
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE)];
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid header: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_data_, HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE));
     return true;
   }
   if (this->buffer_data_[COMMAND_STATUS] != 0x01) {
@@ -597,11 +598,17 @@ void LD2410Component::readline_(int readch) {
     return;  // Not enough data to process yet
   }
   if (ld2410::validate_header_footer(DATA_FRAME_FOOTER, &this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_ - 4])) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Periodic Data: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MAX_LINE_LENGTH)];
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Periodic Data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_));
+#endif
     this->handle_periodic_data_();
     this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset position index for next message
   } else if (ld2410::validate_header_footer(CMD_FRAME_FOOTER, &this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_ - 4])) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Ack Data: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MAX_LINE_LENGTH)];
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Ack Data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_));
+#endif
     if (this->handle_ack_data_()) {
       this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset position index for next message
     } else {

esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp

@@ -457,7 +457,8 @@ bool LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
     return true;
   }
   if (!ld2412::validate_header_footer(CMD_FRAME_HEADER, this->buffer_data_)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid header: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_data_, HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE).c_str());
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE)];
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid header: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_data_, HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE));
     return true;
   }
   if (this->buffer_data_[COMMAND_STATUS] != 0x01) {
@@ -670,11 +671,17 @@ void LD2412Component::readline_(int readch) {
     return;  // Not enough data to process yet
   }
   if (ld2412::validate_header_footer(DATA_FRAME_FOOTER, &this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_ - 4])) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Periodic Data: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MAX_LINE_LENGTH)];
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Periodic Data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_));
+#endif
     this->handle_periodic_data_();
     this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset position index for next message
   } else if (ld2412::validate_header_footer(CMD_FRAME_FOOTER, &this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_ - 4])) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Ack Data: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MAX_LINE_LENGTH)];
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Ack Data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_));
+#endif
     if (this->handle_ack_data_()) {
       this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset position index for next message
     } else {

esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp

@@ -607,7 +607,8 @@ bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_() {
     return true;
   }
   if (!ld2450::validate_header_footer(CMD_FRAME_HEADER, this->buffer_data_)) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid header: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_data_, HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE).c_str());
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE)];
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid header: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_data_, HEADER_FOOTER_SIZE));
     return true;
   }
   if (this->buffer_data_[COMMAND_STATUS] != 0x01) {
@@ -758,11 +759,17 @@ void LD2450Component::readline_(int readch) {
   }
   if (this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_ - 2] == DATA_FRAME_FOOTER[0] &&
       this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_ - 1] == DATA_FRAME_FOOTER[1]) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Periodic Data: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MAX_LINE_LENGTH)];
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Periodic Data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_));
+#endif
     this->handle_periodic_data_();
     this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset position index for next frame
   } else if (ld2450::validate_header_footer(CMD_FRAME_FOOTER, &this->buffer_data_[this->buffer_pos_ - 4])) {
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Ack Data: %s", format_hex_pretty(this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MAX_LINE_LENGTH)];
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Handling Ack Data: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, this->buffer_data_, this->buffer_pos_));
+#endif
     if (this->handle_ack_data_()) {
       this->buffer_pos_ = 0;  // Reset position index for next message
     } else {

esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.cpp

@@ -63,10 +63,8 @@ void ArduinoInternalGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   pinMode(pin_, flags_to_mode(flags));  // NOLINT
 }
 
-std::string ArduinoInternalGPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%u", pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t ArduinoInternalGPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u", this->pin_);
 }
 
 bool ArduinoInternalGPIOPin::digital_read() {

esphome/components/libretiny/gpio_arduino.h

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class ArduinoInternalGPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
   void detach_interrupt() const override;
   ISRInternalGPIOPin to_isr() const override;
   uint8_t get_pin() const override { return pin_; }

esphome/components/logger/__init__.py

@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     except cv.Invalid:
         pass
 
-    if CORE.using_zephyr:
+    if CORE.is_nrf52:
         if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == UART0:
             zephyr_add_overlay("""&uart0 { status = "okay";};""")
         if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == UART1:

esphome/components/max6956/max6956.cpp

@@ -161,10 +161,8 @@ void MAX6956GPIOPin::setup() { pin_mode(flags_); }
 void MAX6956GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool MAX6956GPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) != this->inverted_; }
 void MAX6956GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) { this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_); }
-std::string MAX6956GPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%u via Max6956", pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t MAX6956GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via Max6956", this->pin_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace max6956

esphome/components/max6956/max6956.h

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ class MAX6956GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_parent(MAX6956 *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }

esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.cpp

@@ -99,10 +99,8 @@ void MCP23016GPIOPin::setup() { pin_mode(flags_); }
 void MCP23016GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool MCP23016GPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) != this->inverted_; }
 void MCP23016GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) { this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_); }
-std::string MCP23016GPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%u via MCP23016", pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t MCP23016GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via MCP23016", this->pin_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace mcp23016

esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.h

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class MCP23016GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_parent(MCP23016 *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }

esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.cpp

@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ template<uint8_t N> bool MCP23XXXGPIOPin<N>::digital_read() {
 template<uint8_t N> void MCP23XXXGPIOPin<N>::digital_write(bool value) {
   this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_);
 }
-template<uint8_t N> std::string MCP23XXXGPIOPin<N>::dump_summary() const {
-  return str_snprintf("%u via MCP23XXX", 15, pin_);
+template<uint8_t N> size_t MCP23XXXGPIOPin<N>::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via MCP23XXX", this->pin_);
 }
 
 template class MCP23XXXGPIOPin<8>;

esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/mcp23xxx_base.h

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ template<uint8_t N> class MCP23XXXGPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_parent(MCP23XXXBase<N> *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }

esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.cpp

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_GET_PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x
 static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_ABC_ENABLE[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x79, 0xA0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
 static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_ABC_DISABLE[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x79, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
 static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_CALIBRATE_ZERO[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x87, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0xD0};
+static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x13, 0x88};
+static const uint8_t MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM[] = {0xFF, 0x01, 0x99, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x27, 0x10};
 
 uint8_t mhz19_checksum(const uint8_t *command) {
   uint8_t sum = 0;
@@ -28,6 +31,8 @@ void MHZ19Component::setup() {
   } else if (this->abc_boot_logic_ == MHZ19_ABC_DISABLED) {
     this->abc_disable();
   }
+
+  this->range_set(this->detection_range_);
 }
 
 void MHZ19Component::update() {
@@ -86,6 +91,26 @@ void MHZ19Component::abc_disable() {
   this->mhz19_write_command_(MHZ19_COMMAND_ABC_DISABLE, nullptr);
 }
 
+void MHZ19Component::range_set(MHZ19DetectionRange detection_ppm) {
+  switch (detection_ppm) {
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_DEFAULT:
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Using previously set detection range (no change)");
+      break;
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting detection range to 0 to 2000ppm");
+      this->mhz19_write_command_(MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM, nullptr);
+      break;
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting detection range to 0 to 5000ppm");
+      this->mhz19_write_command_(MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM, nullptr);
+      break;
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM:
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Setting detection range to 0 to 10000ppm");
+      this->mhz19_write_command_(MHZ19_COMMAND_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM, nullptr);
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
 bool MHZ19Component::mhz19_write_command_(const uint8_t *command, uint8_t *response) {
   // Empty RX Buffer
   while (this->available())
@@ -99,7 +124,9 @@ bool MHZ19Component::mhz19_write_command_(const uint8_t *command, uint8_t *respo
 
   return this->read_array(response, MHZ19_RESPONSE_LENGTH);
 }
+
 float MHZ19Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
+
 void MHZ19Component::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "MH-Z19:");
   LOG_SENSOR("  ", "CO2", this->co2_sensor_);
@@ -113,6 +140,23 @@ void MHZ19Component::dump_config() {
   }
 
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Warmup time: %" PRIu32 " s", this->warmup_seconds_);
+
+  const char *range_str;
+  switch (this->detection_range_) {
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_DEFAULT:
+      range_str = "default";
+      break;
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM:
+      range_str = "0 to 2000ppm";
+      break;
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM:
+      range_str = "0 to 5000ppm";
+      break;
+    case MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM:
+      range_str = "0 to 10000ppm";
+      break;
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Detection range: %s", range_str);
 }
 
 }  // namespace mhz19

esphome/components/mhz19/mhz19.h

@@ -8,7 +8,18 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace mhz19 {
 
-enum MHZ19ABCLogic { MHZ19_ABC_NONE = 0, MHZ19_ABC_ENABLED, MHZ19_ABC_DISABLED };
+enum MHZ19ABCLogic {
+  MHZ19_ABC_NONE = 0,
+  MHZ19_ABC_ENABLED,
+  MHZ19_ABC_DISABLED,
+};
+
+enum MHZ19DetectionRange {
+  MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_DEFAULT = 0,
+  MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM,
+  MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM,
+  MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM,
+};
 
 class MHZ19Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
  public:
@@ -21,11 +32,13 @@ class MHZ19Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   void calibrate_zero();
   void abc_enable();
   void abc_disable();
+  void range_set(MHZ19DetectionRange detection_ppm);
 
   void set_temperature_sensor(sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor) { temperature_sensor_ = temperature_sensor; }
   void set_co2_sensor(sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor) { co2_sensor_ = co2_sensor; }
   void set_abc_enabled(bool abc_enabled) { abc_boot_logic_ = abc_enabled ? MHZ19_ABC_ENABLED : MHZ19_ABC_DISABLED; }
   void set_warmup_seconds(uint32_t seconds) { warmup_seconds_ = seconds; }
+  void set_detection_range(MHZ19DetectionRange detection_range) { detection_range_ = detection_range; }
 
  protected:
   bool mhz19_write_command_(const uint8_t *command, uint8_t *response);
@@ -33,37 +46,32 @@ class MHZ19Component : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
   sensor::Sensor *temperature_sensor_{nullptr};
   sensor::Sensor *co2_sensor_{nullptr};
   MHZ19ABCLogic abc_boot_logic_{MHZ19_ABC_NONE};
+
   uint32_t warmup_seconds_;
+
+  MHZ19DetectionRange detection_range_{MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_DEFAULT};
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MHZ19Component> {
  public:
-  MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction(MHZ19Component *mhz19) : mhz19_(mhz19) {}
-
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->mhz19_->calibrate_zero(); }
-
- protected:
-  MHZ19Component *mhz19_;
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->calibrate_zero(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19ABCEnableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19ABCEnableAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MHZ19Component> {
  public:
-  MHZ19ABCEnableAction(MHZ19Component *mhz19) : mhz19_(mhz19) {}
-
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->mhz19_->abc_enable(); }
-
- protected:
-  MHZ19Component *mhz19_;
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->abc_enable(); }
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19ABCDisableAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19ABCDisableAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MHZ19Component> {
  public:
-  MHZ19ABCDisableAction(MHZ19Component *mhz19) : mhz19_(mhz19) {}
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->abc_disable(); }
+};
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->mhz19_->abc_disable(); }
+template<typename... Ts> class MHZ19DetectionRangeSetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<MHZ19Component> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(MHZ19DetectionRange, detection_range)
 
- protected:
-  MHZ19Component *mhz19_;
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->range_set(this->detection_range_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace mhz19

esphome/components/mhz19/sensor.py

@@ -19,14 +19,33 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["uart"]
 
 CONF_AUTOMATIC_BASELINE_CALIBRATION = "automatic_baseline_calibration"
 CONF_WARMUP_TIME = "warmup_time"
+CONF_DETECTION_RANGE = "detection_range"
 
 mhz19_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("mhz19")
 MHZ19Component = mhz19_ns.class_("MHZ19Component", cg.PollingComponent, uart.UARTDevice)
 MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction = mhz19_ns.class_(
-    "MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction", automation.Action
+    "MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MHZ19Component)
 )
-MHZ19ABCEnableAction = mhz19_ns.class_("MHZ19ABCEnableAction", automation.Action)
-MHZ19ABCDisableAction = mhz19_ns.class_("MHZ19ABCDisableAction", automation.Action)
+MHZ19ABCEnableAction = mhz19_ns.class_(
+    "MHZ19ABCEnableAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MHZ19Component)
+)
+MHZ19ABCDisableAction = mhz19_ns.class_(
+    "MHZ19ABCDisableAction", automation.Action, cg.Parented.template(MHZ19Component)
+)
+MHZ19DetectionRangeSetAction = mhz19_ns.class_(
+    "MHZ19DetectionRangeSetAction",
+    automation.Action,
+    cg.Parented.template(MHZ19Component),
+)
+
+mhz19_detection_range = mhz19_ns.enum("MHZ19DetectionRange")
+MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_ENUM = {
+    2000: mhz19_detection_range.MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_2000PPM,
+    5000: mhz19_detection_range.MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_5000PPM,
+    10000: mhz19_detection_range.MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_0_10000PPM,
+}
+
+_validate_ppm = cv.float_with_unit("parts per million", "ppm")
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
     cv.Schema(
@@ -49,6 +68,9 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(
                 CONF_WARMUP_TIME, default="75s"
             ): cv.positive_time_period_seconds,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DETECTION_RANGE): cv.All(
+                _validate_ppm, cv.enum(MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_ENUM)
+            ),
         }
     )
     .extend(cv.polling_component_schema("60s"))
@@ -78,8 +100,11 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add(var.set_warmup_seconds(config[CONF_WARMUP_TIME]))
 
+    if CONF_DETECTION_RANGE in config:
+        cg.add(var.set_detection_range(config[CONF_DETECTION_RANGE]))
 
-CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
+
+NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     {
         cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MHZ19Component),
     }
@@ -87,14 +112,37 @@ CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
 
 
 @automation.register_action(
-    "mhz19.calibrate_zero", MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction, CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "mhz19.calibrate_zero", MHZ19CalibrateZeroAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "mhz19.abc_enable", MHZ19ABCEnableAction, CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "mhz19.abc_enable", MHZ19ABCEnableAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
 @automation.register_action(
-    "mhz19.abc_disable", MHZ19ABCDisableAction, CALIBRATION_ACTION_SCHEMA
+    "mhz19.abc_disable", MHZ19ABCDisableAction, NO_ARGS_ACTION_SCHEMA
 )
-async def mhz19_calibration_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
-    paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    return cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, paren)
+async def mhz19_no_args_action_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+RANGE_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(MHZ19Component),
+        cv.Required(CONF_DETECTION_RANGE): cv.All(
+            _validate_ppm, cv.enum(MHZ19_DETECTION_RANGE_ENUM)
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "mhz19.detection_range_set", MHZ19DetectionRangeSetAction, RANGE_ACTION_SCHEMA
+)
+async def mhz19_detection_range_set_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    detection_range = config.get(CONF_DETECTION_RANGE)
+    template_ = await cg.templatable(detection_range, args, mhz19_detection_range)
+    cg.add(var.set_detection_range(template_))
+    return var

esphome/components/mpr121/mpr121.cpp

@@ -153,10 +153,8 @@ void MPR121GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
   this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_ - 4, value != this->inverted_);
 }
 
-std::string MPR121GPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "ELE%u on MPR121", this->pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t MPR121GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "ELE%u on MPR121", this->pin_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace mpr121

esphome/components/mpr121/mpr121.h

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class MPR121GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_parent(MPR121Component *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp

@@ -153,13 +153,14 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *mes
 #endif
 
 void MQTTClientComponent::dump_config() {
+  char ip_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "MQTT:\n"
                 "  Server Address: %s:%u (%s)\n"
                 "  Username: " LOG_SECRET("'%s'") "\n"
                                                   "  Client ID: " LOG_SECRET("'%s'") "\n"
                                                                                      "  Clean Session: %s",
-                this->credentials_.address.c_str(), this->credentials_.port, this->ip_.str().c_str(),
+                this->credentials_.address.c_str(), this->credentials_.port, this->ip_.str_to(ip_buf),
                 this->credentials_.username.c_str(), this->credentials_.client_id.c_str(),
                 YESNO(this->credentials_.clean_session));
   if (this->is_discovery_ip_enabled()) {
@@ -246,7 +247,8 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::check_dnslookup_() {
     return;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Resolved broker IP address to %s", this->ip_.str().c_str());
+  char ip_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Resolved broker IP address to %s", this->ip_.str_to(ip_buf));
   this->start_connect_();
 }
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) && LWIP_VERSION_MAJOR == 1

esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_arduino.cpp

@@ -7,12 +7,14 @@
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/util.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace nextion {
 static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload.arduino";
+static constexpr size_t NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES = 16;
 
 // Followed guide
 // https://unofficialnextion.com/t/nextion-upload-protocol-v1-2-the-fast-one/1044/2
@@ -89,8 +91,10 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(HTTPClient &http_client, uint32_t &range_start) {
                EspClass::getFreeHeap());
       upload_first_chunk_sent_ = true;
       if (recv_string[0] == 0x08 && recv_string.size() == 5) {  // handle partial upload request
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Recv: [%s]",
-                 format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(recv_string.data()), recv_string.size()).c_str());
+        char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES)];
+        ESP_LOGD(
+            TAG, "Recv: [%s]",
+            format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(recv_string.data()), recv_string.size()));
         uint32_t result = 0;
         for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
           result += static_cast<uint8_t>(recv_string[j + 1]) << (8 * j);
@@ -107,8 +111,10 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(HTTPClient &http_client, uint32_t &range_start) {
         buffer = nullptr;
         return range_end + 1;
       } else if (recv_string[0] != 0x05 and recv_string[0] != 0x08) {  // 0x05 == "ok"
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid response: [%s]",
-                 format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(recv_string.data()), recv_string.size()).c_str());
+        char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES)];
+        ESP_LOGE(
+            TAG, "Invalid response: [%s]",
+            format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(recv_string.data()), recv_string.size()));
         // Deallocate buffer
         allocator.deallocate(buffer, 4096);
         buffer = nullptr;
@@ -274,8 +280,9 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   this->recv_ret_string_(response, 5000, true);  // This can take some time to return
 
   // The Nextion display will, if it's ready to accept data, send a 0x05 byte.
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES)];
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Upload resp: [%s] %zu B",
-           format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(response.data()), response.size()).c_str(),
+           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(response.data()), response.size()),
            response.length());
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Heap: %" PRIu32, EspClass::getFreeHeap());
 

esphome/components/nextion/nextion_upload_esp32.cpp

@@ -9,12 +9,14 @@
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/util.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace nextion {
 static const char *const TAG = "nextion.upload.esp32";
+static constexpr size_t NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES = 16;
 
 // Followed guide
 // https://unofficialnextion.com/t/nextion-upload-protocol-v1-2-the-fast-one/1044/2
@@ -110,8 +112,10 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(esp_http_client_handle_t http_client, uint32_t &r
 #endif
       upload_first_chunk_sent_ = true;
       if (recv_string[0] == 0x08 && recv_string.size() == 5) {  // handle partial upload request
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Recv: [%s]",
-                 format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(recv_string.data()), recv_string.size()).c_str());
+        char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES)];
+        ESP_LOGD(
+            TAG, "Recv: [%s]",
+            format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(recv_string.data()), recv_string.size()));
         uint32_t result = 0;
         for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
           result += static_cast<uint8_t>(recv_string[j + 1]) << (8 * j);
@@ -128,8 +132,10 @@ int Nextion::upload_by_chunks_(esp_http_client_handle_t http_client, uint32_t &r
         buffer = nullptr;
         return range_end + 1;
       } else if (recv_string[0] != 0x05 and recv_string[0] != 0x08) {  // 0x05 == "ok"
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid response: [%s]",
-                 format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(recv_string.data()), recv_string.size()).c_str());
+        char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES)];
+        ESP_LOGE(
+            TAG, "Invalid response: [%s]",
+            format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(recv_string.data()), recv_string.size()));
         // Deallocate buffer
         allocator.deallocate(buffer, 4096);
         buffer = nullptr;
@@ -287,8 +293,9 @@ bool Nextion::upload_tft(uint32_t baud_rate, bool exit_reparse) {
   this->recv_ret_string_(response, 5000, true);  // This can take some time to return
 
   // The Nextion display will, if it's ready to accept data, send a 0x05 byte.
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(NEXTION_MAX_RESPONSE_LOG_BYTES)];
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Upload resp: [%s] %zu B",
-           format_hex_pretty(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(response.data()), response.size()).c_str(),
+           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(response.data()), response.size()),
            response.length());
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Heap: %" PRIu32, esp_get_free_heap_size());
 

esphome/components/nrf52/__init__.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from esphome.components.zephyr import (
     zephyr_add_prj_conf,
     zephyr_data,
     zephyr_set_core_data,
+    zephyr_setup_preferences,
     zephyr_to_code,
 )
 from esphome.components.zephyr.const import (
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ from .const import (
 from .gpio import nrf52_pin_to_code  # noqa
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@tomaszduda23"]
-AUTO_LOAD = ["zephyr"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["zephyr", "preferences"]
 IS_TARGET_PLATFORM = True
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -194,6 +195,7 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add_platformio_option("board_upload.require_upload_port", "true")
         cg.add_platformio_option("board_upload.wait_for_upload_port", "true")
 
+    zephyr_setup_preferences()
     zephyr_to_code(config)
 
     if dfu_config := config.get(CONF_DFU):
@@ -206,6 +208,18 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         if reg0_config[CONF_UICR_ERASE]:
             cg.add_define("USE_NRF52_UICR_ERASE")
 
+    # c++ support
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("CPLUSPLUS", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("LIB_CPLUSPLUS", True)
+    # watchdog
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("WATCHDOG", True)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("WDT_DISABLE_AT_BOOT", False)
+    # disable console
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("UART_CONSOLE", False)
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("CONSOLE", False)
+    # use NFC pins as GPIO
+    zephyr_add_prj_conf("NFCT_PINS_AS_GPIOS", True)
+
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.DIAGNOSTICS)
 async def _dfu_to_code(dfu_config):

esphome/components/nrf52/gpio.py

@@ -71,8 +71,15 @@ NRF52_PIN_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 @pins.PIN_SCHEMA_REGISTRY.register(PLATFORM_NRF52, NRF52_PIN_SCHEMA)
 async def nrf52_pin_to_code(config):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     num = config[CONF_NUMBER]
+    port = num // 32
+    pin_name_prefix = f"P{port}."
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(
+        config[CONF_ID],
+        cg.RawExpression(f"DEVICE_DT_GET_OR_NULL(DT_NODELABEL(gpio{port}))"),
+        32,
+        pin_name_prefix,
+    )
     cg.add(var.set_pin(num))
     # Only set if true to avoid bloating setup() function
     # (inverted bit in pin_flags_ bitfield is zero-initialized to false)

esphome/components/one_wire/__init__.py

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ async def register_one_wire_device(var, config):
 
     Sets the 1-wire bus to use and the 1-wire address.
 
-    This is a coroutine, you need to await it with a 'yield' expression!
+    This is a coroutine, you need to await it with an 'await' expression!
     """
     parent = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ONE_WIRE_ID])
     cg.add(var.set_one_wire_bus(parent))

esphome/components/opentherm/opentherm.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "opentherm.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include <cinttypes>
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include "driver/timer.h"
 #include "esp_err.h"
@@ -569,8 +570,8 @@ void OpenTherm::debug_data(OpenthermData &data) {
            to_string(data.f88()).c_str());
 }
 void OpenTherm::debug_error(OpenThermError &error) const {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "data: %s; clock: %s; capture: %s; bit_pos: %s", format_hex(error.data).c_str(),
-           to_string(clock_).c_str(), format_bin(error.capture).c_str(), to_string(error.bit_pos).c_str());
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "data: 0x%08" PRIx32 "; clock: %u; capture: 0x%08" PRIx32 "; bit_pos: %u", error.data, this->clock_,
+           error.capture, error.bit_pos);
 }
 
 float OpenthermData::f88() { return ((float) this->s16()) / 256.0; }

esphome/components/packet_transport/packet_transport.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "packet_transport.h"
 
 #include "esphome/components/xxtea/xxtea.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace packet_transport {
+
+// Maximum bytes to log in hex output (168 * 3 = 504, under TX buffer size of 512)
+static constexpr size_t PACKET_MAX_LOG_BYTES = 168;
 /**
  * Structure of a data packet; everything is little-endian
  *
@@ -263,7 +267,8 @@ void PacketTransport::flush_() {
     xxtea::encrypt((uint32_t *) (encode_buffer.data() + header_len), len / 4,
                    (uint32_t *) this->encryption_key_.data());
   }
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending packet %s", format_hex_pretty(encode_buffer.data(), encode_buffer.size()).c_str());
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(PACKET_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Sending packet %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, encode_buffer.data(), encode_buffer.size()));
   this->send_packet(encode_buffer);
 }
 
@@ -505,8 +510,9 @@ void PacketTransport::process_(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
     }
     if (decoder.get(byte) == DECODE_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unknown key %X", byte);
+      char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(PACKET_MAX_LOG_BYTES)];
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Buffer pos: %zu contents: %s", data.size() - decoder.get_remaining_size(),
-               format_hex_pretty(data).c_str());
+               format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data.data(), data.size()));
     }
     break;
   }

esphome/components/pca6416a/pca6416a.cpp

@@ -180,10 +180,8 @@ void PCA6416AGPIOPin::setup() { pin_mode(flags_); }
 void PCA6416AGPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool PCA6416AGPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) != this->inverted_; }
 void PCA6416AGPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) { this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_); }
-std::string PCA6416AGPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%u via PCA6416A", pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t PCA6416AGPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via PCA6416A", this->pin_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace pca6416a

esphome/components/pca6416a/pca6416a.h

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class PCA6416AGPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_parent(PCA6416AComponent *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }

esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.cpp

@@ -129,10 +129,8 @@ void PCA9554GPIOPin::setup() { pin_mode(flags_); }
 void PCA9554GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool PCA9554GPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) != this->inverted_; }
 void PCA9554GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) { this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_); }
-std::string PCA9554GPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%u via PCA9554", pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t PCA9554GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via PCA9554", this->pin_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace pca9554

esphome/components/pca9554/pca9554.h

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class PCA9554GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_parent(PCA9554Component *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }

esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.cpp

@@ -104,10 +104,8 @@ void PCF8574GPIOPin::setup() { pin_mode(flags_); }
 void PCF8574GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool PCF8574GPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) != this->inverted_; }
 void PCF8574GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) { this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_); }
-std::string PCF8574GPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%u via PCF8574", pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t PCF8574GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via PCF8574", this->pin_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace pcf8574

esphome/components/pcf8574/pcf8574.h

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class PCF8574GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_parent(PCF8574Component *parent) { parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }

esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.cpp

@@ -164,7 +164,9 @@ bool PI4IOE5V6408GPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(th
 void PI4IOE5V6408GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
   this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_);
 }
-std::string PI4IOE5V6408GPIOPin::dump_summary() const { return str_sprintf("%u via PI4IOE5V6408", this->pin_); }
+size_t PI4IOE5V6408GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via PI4IOE5V6408", this->pin_);
+}
 
 }  // namespace pi4ioe5v6408
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/pi4ioe5v6408/pi4ioe5v6408.h

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class PI4IOE5V6408GPIOPin : public GPIOPin, public Parented<PI4IOE5V6408Componen
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { this->inverted_ = inverted; }

esphome/components/rc522/rc522.cpp

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@ static const uint8_t WAIT_I_RQ = 0x30;  // RxIRq and IdleIRq
 
 static const char *const TAG = "rc522";
 
+// Max UID size for RFID tags (4, 7, or 10 bytes)
+static constexpr size_t RC522_MAX_UID_SIZE = 10;
+
 static const uint8_t RESET_COUNT = 5;
 
 void RC522::setup() {
@@ -191,8 +194,9 @@ void RC522::loop() {
         if (status == STATUS_TIMEOUT) {
           ESP_LOGV(TAG, "STATE_READ_SERIAL_DONE -> TIMEOUT (no tag present) %d", status);
         } else {
+          char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(RC522_MAX_UID_SIZE)];
           ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unexpected response. Read status is %d. Read bytes: %d (%s)", status, back_length_,
-                   format_hex_pretty(buffer_, back_length_, '-', false).c_str());
+                   format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, buffer_, back_length_, '-'));
         }
 
         state_ = STATE_DONE;
@@ -237,13 +241,18 @@ void RC522::loop() {
         trigger->process(rfid_uid);
 
       if (report) {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found new tag '%s'", format_hex_pretty(rfid_uid, '-', false).c_str());
+        char uid_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(RC522_MAX_UID_SIZE)];
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found new tag '%s'", format_hex_pretty_to(uid_buf, rfid_uid.data(), rfid_uid.size(), '-'));
       }
       break;
     }
     case STATE_DONE: {
       if (!this->current_uid_.empty()) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Tag '%s' removed", format_hex_pretty(this->current_uid_, '-', false).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+        char uid_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(RC522_MAX_UID_SIZE)];
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Tag '%s' removed",
+                 format_hex_pretty_to(uid_buf, this->current_uid_.data(), this->current_uid_.size(), '-'));
+#endif
         for (auto *trigger : this->triggers_ontagremoved_)
           trigger->process(this->current_uid_);
       }
@@ -338,7 +347,10 @@ void RC522::pcd_clear_register_bit_mask_(PcdRegister reg,  ///< The register to
  * @return STATUS_OK on success, STATUS_??? otherwise.
  */
 void RC522::pcd_transceive_data_(uint8_t send_len) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "PCD TRANSCEIVE: RX: %s", format_hex_pretty(buffer_, send_len, '-', false).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(RC522_MAX_UID_SIZE)];
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "PCD TRANSCEIVE: RX: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, buffer_, send_len, '-'));
+#endif
   delayMicroseconds(1000);  // we need 1 ms delay between antenna on and those communication commands
   send_len_ = send_len;
   // Prepare values for BitFramingReg
@@ -412,8 +424,11 @@ RC522::StatusCode RC522::await_transceive_() {
              error_reg_value);  // TODO: is this always due to collissions?
     return STATUS_ERROR;
   }
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(RC522_MAX_UID_SIZE)];
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "received %d bytes: %s", back_length_,
-           format_hex_pretty(buffer_ + send_len_, back_length_, '-', false).c_str());
+           format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, buffer_ + send_len_, back_length_, '-'));
+#endif
 
   return STATUS_OK;
 }

esphome/components/remote_base/haier_protocol.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "haier_protocol.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -12,6 +13,8 @@ constexpr uint32_t BIT_MARK_US = 540;
 constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_SPACE_US = 1650;
 constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_SPACE_US = 580;
 constexpr unsigned int HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE = 112;
+// Max data bytes in packet (excluding checksum)
+constexpr size_t HAIER_MAX_DATA_BYTES = (HAIER_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE / 8);
 
 void HaierProtocol::encode_byte_(RemoteTransmitData *dst, uint8_t item) {
   for (uint8_t mask = 1 << 7; mask != 0; mask >>= 1) {
@@ -77,7 +80,8 @@ optional<HaierData> HaierProtocol::decode(RemoteReceiveData src) {
 }
 
 void HaierProtocol::dump(const HaierData &data) {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Received Haier: %s", format_hex_pretty(data.data).c_str());
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(HAIER_MAX_DATA_BYTES)];
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Received Haier: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data.data.data(), data.data.size()));
 }
 
 }  // namespace remote_base

esphome/components/remote_base/mirage_protocol.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "mirage_protocol.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -13,9 +14,12 @@ constexpr uint32_t BIT_ONE_SPACE_US = 1592;
 constexpr uint32_t BIT_ZERO_SPACE_US = 545;
 
 constexpr unsigned int MIRAGE_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE = 120;
+// Max data bytes in packet (excluding checksum)
+constexpr size_t MIRAGE_MAX_DATA_BYTES = (MIRAGE_IR_PACKET_BIT_SIZE / 8);
 
 void MirageProtocol::encode(RemoteTransmitData *dst, const MirageData &data) {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Transive Mirage: %s", format_hex_pretty(data.data).c_str());
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MIRAGE_MAX_DATA_BYTES)];
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Transmit Mirage: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data.data.data(), data.data.size()));
   dst->set_carrier_frequency(38000);
   dst->reserve(5 + ((data.data.size() + 1) * 2));
   dst->mark(HEADER_MARK_US);
@@ -77,7 +81,8 @@ optional<MirageData> MirageProtocol::decode(RemoteReceiveData src) {
 }
 
 void MirageProtocol::dump(const MirageData &data) {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Received Mirage: %s", format_hex_pretty(data.data).c_str());
+  char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(MIRAGE_MAX_DATA_BYTES)];
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Received Mirage: %s", format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, data.data.data(), data.data.size()));
 }
 
 }  // namespace remote_base

esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.cpp

@@ -64,10 +64,8 @@ void RP2040GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) {
   pinMode(pin_, flags_to_mode(flags, pin_));  // NOLINT
 }
 
-std::string RP2040GPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "GPIO%u", pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t RP2040GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "GPIO%u", this->pin_);
 }
 
 bool RP2040GPIOPin::digital_read() {

esphome/components/rp2040/gpio.h

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class RP2040GPIOPin : public InternalGPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
   void detach_interrupt() const override;
   ISRInternalGPIOPin to_isr() const override;
   uint8_t get_pin() const override { return pin_; }

esphome/components/shelly_dimmer/shelly_dimmer.cpp

@@ -270,7 +270,10 @@ void ShellyDimmer::send_settings_() {
 }
 
 bool ShellyDimmer::send_command_(uint8_t cmd, const uint8_t *const payload, uint8_t len) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending command: 0x%02x (%d bytes) payload 0x%s", cmd, len, format_hex(payload, len).c_str());
+  // Buffer for hex formatting: max frame size * 2 + null (covers any payload)
+  char hex_buf[SHELLY_DIMMER_PROTO_MAX_FRAME_SIZE * 2 + 1];
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Sending command: 0x%02x (%d bytes) payload 0x%s", cmd, len,
+           format_hex_to(hex_buf, sizeof(hex_buf), payload, len));
 
   // Prepare a command frame.
   uint8_t frame[SHELLY_DIMMER_PROTO_MAX_FRAME_SIZE];

esphome/components/sn74hc165/sn74hc165.cpp

@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ float SN74HC165Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO
 
 bool SN74HC165GPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read_(this->pin_) != this->inverted_; }
 
-std::string SN74HC165GPIOPin::dump_summary() const { return str_snprintf("%u via SN74HC165", 18, pin_); }
+size_t SN74HC165GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via SN74HC165", this->pin_);
+}
 
 }  // namespace sn74hc165
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/sn74hc165/sn74hc165.h

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class SN74HC165GPIOPin : public GPIOPin, public Parented<SN74HC165Component> {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override {}
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override{};
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_pin(uint16_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { inverted_ = inverted; }

esphome/components/sn74hc595/sn74hc595.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,9 @@ float SN74HC595Component::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO
 void SN74HC595GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) {
   this->parent_->digital_write_(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_);
 }
-std::string SN74HC595GPIOPin::dump_summary() const { return str_snprintf("%u via SN74HC595", 18, pin_); }
+size_t SN74HC595GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via SN74HC595", this->pin_);
+}
 
 }  // namespace sn74hc595
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/sn74hc595/sn74hc595.h

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class SN74HC595GPIOPin : public GPIOPin, public Parented<SN74HC595Component> {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override {}
   bool digital_read() override { return false; }
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_pin(uint16_t pin) { pin_ = pin; }
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { inverted_ = inverted; }

esphome/components/sonoff_d1/sonoff_d1.cpp

@@ -42,12 +42,17 @@
  *  M                                                 6C - CRC over bytes 2 to F (Addition)
 \*********************************************************************************************/
 #include "sonoff_d1.h"
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace sonoff_d1 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sonoff_d1";
 
+// Protocol constants
+static constexpr size_t SONOFF_D1_ACK_SIZE = 7;
+static constexpr size_t SONOFF_D1_MAX_CMD_SIZE = 17;
+
 uint8_t SonoffD1Output::calc_checksum_(const uint8_t *cmd, const size_t len) {
   uint8_t crc = 0;
   for (size_t i = 2; i < len - 1; i++) {
@@ -86,8 +91,11 @@ bool SonoffD1Output::read_command_(uint8_t *cmd, size_t &len) {
 
   // Read a minimal packet
   if (this->read_array(cmd, 6)) {
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(6)];
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] Reading from dimmer:", this->write_count_);
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty(cmd, 6).c_str());
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, cmd, 6));
+#endif
 
     if (cmd[0] != 0xAA || cmd[1] != 0x55) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%04d] RX: wrong header (%x%x, must be AA55)", this->write_count_, cmd[0], cmd[1]);
@@ -101,7 +109,10 @@ bool SonoffD1Output::read_command_(uint8_t *cmd, size_t &len) {
       return false;
     }
     if (this->read_array(&cmd[6], cmd[5] + 1 /*checksum suffix*/)) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty(&cmd[6], cmd[5] + 1).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      char hex_buf2[format_hex_pretty_size(SONOFF_D1_MAX_CMD_SIZE)];
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf2, &cmd[6], cmd[5] + 1));
+#endif
 
       // Check the checksum
       uint8_t valid_checksum = this->calc_checksum_(cmd, cmd[5] + 7);
@@ -145,9 +156,10 @@ bool SonoffD1Output::read_ack_(const uint8_t *cmd, const size_t len) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%04d] Acknowledge received", this->write_count_);
     return true;
   } else {
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(SONOFF_D1_ACK_SIZE)];
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%04d] Unexpected acknowledge received (possible clash of RF/HA commands), expected ack was:",
              this->write_count_);
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%04d] %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty(ref_buffer, sizeof(ref_buffer)).c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%04d] %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, ref_buffer, sizeof(ref_buffer)));
   }
   return false;
 }
@@ -174,8 +186,11 @@ bool SonoffD1Output::write_command_(uint8_t *cmd, const size_t len, bool needs_a
   // 2. UART command initiated by this component can clash with a command initiated by RF
   uint32_t retries = 10;
   do {
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+    char hex_buf[format_hex_pretty_size(SONOFF_D1_MAX_CMD_SIZE)];
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] Writing to the dimmer:", this->write_count_);
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty(cmd, len).c_str());
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%04d] %s", this->write_count_, format_hex_pretty_to(hex_buf, cmd, len));
+#endif
     this->write_array(cmd, len);
     this->write_count_++;
     if (!needs_ack)

esphome/components/spi/spi.cpp

@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ void SPIComponent::setup() {
 
 void SPIComponent::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "SPI bus:");
-  LOG_PIN("  CLK Pin: ", this->clk_pin_)
-  LOG_PIN("  SDI Pin: ", this->sdi_pin_)
-  LOG_PIN("  SDO Pin: ", this->sdo_pin_)
+  LOG_PIN("  CLK Pin: ", this->clk_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  SDI Pin: ", this->sdi_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  SDO Pin: ", this->sdo_pin_);
   for (size_t i = 0; i != this->data_pins_.size(); i++) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Data pin %u: GPIO%d", i, this->data_pins_[i]);
   }

esphome/components/spi/spi.h

@@ -120,7 +120,11 @@ class NullPin : public GPIOPin {
 
   void digital_write(bool value) override {}
 
-  std::string dump_summary() const override { return std::string(); }
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override {
+    if (len > 0)
+      buffer[0] = '\0';
+    return 0;
+  }
 
  protected:
   static GPIOPin *const NULL_PIN;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)

esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509_gpio_pin.cpp

@@ -12,10 +12,8 @@ void SX1509GPIOPin::setup() { pin_mode(flags_); }
 void SX1509GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool SX1509GPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) != this->inverted_; }
 void SX1509GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) { this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_); }
-std::string SX1509GPIOPin::dump_summary() const {
-  char buffer[32];
-  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%u via sx1509", this->pin_);
-  return buffer;
+size_t SX1509GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via sx1509", this->pin_);
 }
 
 }  // namespace sx1509

esphome/components/sx1509/sx1509_gpio_pin.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class SX1509GPIOPin : public GPIOPin {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_parent(SX1509Component *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }

esphome/components/tca9555/tca9555.cpp

@@ -138,7 +138,9 @@ void TCA9555GPIOPin::setup() { this->pin_mode(this->flags_); }
 void TCA9555GPIOPin::pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) { this->parent_->pin_mode(this->pin_, flags); }
 bool TCA9555GPIOPin::digital_read() { return this->parent_->digital_read(this->pin_) != this->inverted_; }
 void TCA9555GPIOPin::digital_write(bool value) { this->parent_->digital_write(this->pin_, value != this->inverted_); }
-std::string TCA9555GPIOPin::dump_summary() const { return str_sprintf("%u via TCA9555", this->pin_); }
+size_t TCA9555GPIOPin::dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const {
+  return snprintf(buffer, len, "%u via TCA9555", this->pin_);
+}
 
 }  // namespace tca9555
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/tca9555/tca9555.h

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class TCA9555GPIOPin : public GPIOPin, public Parented<TCA9555Component> {
   void pin_mode(gpio::Flags flags) override;
   bool digital_read() override;
   void digital_write(bool value) override;
-  std::string dump_summary() const override;
+  size_t dump_summary(char *buffer, size_t len) const override;
 
   void set_pin(uint8_t pin) { this->pin_ = pin; }
   void set_inverted(bool inverted) { this->inverted_ = inverted; }

esphome/components/tee501/tee501.cpp

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ namespace tee501 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "tee501";
 
+static constexpr size_t TEE501_SERIAL_NUMBER_SIZE = 7;
+
 void TEE501Component::setup() {
   uint8_t address[] = {0x70, 0x29};
   uint8_t identification[9];
@@ -17,7 +19,10 @@ void TEE501Component::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    Serial Number: 0x%s", format_hex(identification + 0, 7).c_str());
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  char serial_hex[format_hex_size(TEE501_SERIAL_NUMBER_SIZE)];
+#endif
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    Serial Number: 0x%s", format_hex_to(serial_hex, identification, TEE501_SERIAL_NUMBER_SIZE));
 }
 
 void TEE501Component::dump_config() {

esphome/components/template/water_heater/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import water_heater
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MODE,
+    CONF_OPTIMISTIC,
+    CONF_RESTORE_MODE,
+    CONF_SET_ACTION,
+    CONF_SUPPORTED_MODES,
+    CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE,
+)
+from esphome.core import ID
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+from .. import template_ns
+
+CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE = "current_temperature"
+
+TemplateWaterHeater = template_ns.class_(
+    "TemplateWaterHeater", water_heater.WaterHeater
+)
+
+TemplateWaterHeaterPublishAction = template_ns.class_(
+    "TemplateWaterHeaterPublishAction",
+    automation.Action,
+    cg.Parented.template(TemplateWaterHeater),
+)
+
+TemplateWaterHeaterRestoreMode = template_ns.enum("TemplateWaterHeaterRestoreMode")
+RESTORE_MODES = {
+    "NO_RESTORE": TemplateWaterHeaterRestoreMode.WATER_HEATER_NO_RESTORE,
+    "RESTORE": TemplateWaterHeaterRestoreMode.WATER_HEATER_RESTORE,
+    "RESTORE_AND_CALL": TemplateWaterHeaterRestoreMode.WATER_HEATER_RESTORE_AND_CALL,
+}
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = water_heater.water_heater_schema(TemplateWaterHeater).extend(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OPTIMISTIC, default=True): cv.boolean,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SET_ACTION): automation.validate_automation(single=True),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RESTORE_MODE, default="NO_RESTORE"): cv.enum(
+            RESTORE_MODES, upper=True
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE): cv.templatable(cv.temperature),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MODE): cv.templatable(water_heater.validate_water_heater_mode),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTED_MODES): cv.ensure_list(
+            water_heater.validate_water_heater_mode
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await water_heater.register_water_heater(var, config)
+
+    cg.add(var.set_optimistic(config[CONF_OPTIMISTIC]))
+
+    if CONF_SET_ACTION in config:
+        await automation.build_automation(
+            var.get_set_trigger(), [], config[CONF_SET_ACTION]
+        )
+
+    cg.add(var.set_restore_mode(config[CONF_RESTORE_MODE]))
+
+    if CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE in config:
+        conf = config[CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE]
+        if not isinstance(conf, cv.Lambda):
+            conf = cv.Lambda(f"return {conf};")
+
+        template_ = await cg.process_lambda(
+            conf,
+            [],
+            return_type=cg.optional.template(cg.float_),
+        )
+        cg.add(var.set_current_temperature_lambda(template_))
+
+    if CONF_MODE in config:
+        conf = config[CONF_MODE]
+        if not isinstance(conf, cv.Lambda):
+            enum_value_str = str(conf).rsplit("::", maxsplit=1)[-1]
+            conf = cv.Lambda(f"return water_heater::{enum_value_str};")
+
+        template_ = await cg.process_lambda(
+            conf,
+            [],
+            return_type=cg.optional.template(water_heater.WaterHeaterMode),
+        )
+        cg.add(var.set_mode_lambda(template_))
+
+    if CONF_SUPPORTED_MODES in config:
+        modes = [
+            water_heater.WATER_HEATER_MODES[mode]
+            for mode in config[CONF_SUPPORTED_MODES]
+        ]
+        cg.add(var.set_supported_modes(modes))
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "water_heater.template.publish",
+    TemplateWaterHeaterPublishAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(TemplateWaterHeater),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE): cv.templatable(cv.temperature),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE): cv.templatable(cv.temperature),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_MODE): cv.templatable(
+                water_heater.validate_water_heater_mode
+            ),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def water_heater_template_publish_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+
+    if current_temp := config.get(CONF_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE):
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(current_temp, args, float)
+        cg.add(var.set_current_temperature(template_))
+
+    if target_temp := config.get(CONF_TARGET_TEMPERATURE):
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(target_temp, args, float)
+        cg.add(var.set_target_temperature(template_))
+
+    if mode := config.get(CONF_MODE):
+        template_ = await cg.templatable(mode, args, water_heater.WaterHeaterMode)
+        cg.add(var.set_mode(template_))
+
+    return var

esphome/components/template/water_heater/automation.h

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "template_water_heater.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+
+namespace esphome::template_ {
+
+template<typename... Ts>
+class TemplateWaterHeaterPublishAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<TemplateWaterHeater> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, current_temperature)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, target_temperature)
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(water_heater::WaterHeaterMode, mode)
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    if (this->current_temperature_.has_value()) {
+      this->parent_->set_current_temperature(this->current_temperature_.value(x...));
+    }
+    bool needs_call = this->target_temperature_.has_value() || this->mode_.has_value();
+    if (needs_call) {
+      auto call = this->parent_->make_call();
+      if (this->target_temperature_.has_value()) {
+        call.set_target_temperature(this->target_temperature_.value(x...));
+      }
+      if (this->mode_.has_value()) {
+        call.set_mode(this->mode_.value(x...));
+      }
+      call.perform();
+    } else {
+      this->parent_->publish_state();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::template_