Merge branch 'dev' into ard_debug_no_heap

esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h

@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ template<typename... X> class TemplatableStringValue : public TemplatableValue<s
 
  private:
   // Helper to convert value to string - handles the case where value is already a string
-  template<typename T> static std::string value_to_string(T &&val) {
-    return to_string(std::forward<T>(val));  // NOLINT
-  }
+  template<typename T> static std::string value_to_string(T &&val) { return to_string(std::forward<T>(val)); }
 
   // Overloads for string types - needed because std::to_string doesn't support them
   static std::string value_to_string(char *val) {

esphome/components/cs5460a/cs5460a.h

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ class CS5460AComponent : public Component,
   void restart() { restart_(); }
 
   void setup() override;
+  void loop() override {}
   void dump_config() override;
 
  protected:

esphome/components/debug/debug_esp8266.cpp

@@ -3,21 +3,80 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include <Esp.h>
 
+extern "C" {
+#include <user_interface.h>
+
+// Global reset info struct populated by SDK at boot
+extern struct rst_info resetInfo;
+
+// Core version - either a string pointer or a version number to format as hex
+extern uint32_t core_version;
+extern const char *core_release;
+}
+
 namespace esphome {
 namespace debug {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "debug";
 
+// Get reset reason string from reason code (no heap allocation)
+// Returns LogString* pointing to flash (PROGMEM) on ESP8266
+static const LogString *get_reset_reason_str(uint32_t reason) {
+  switch (reason) {
+    case REASON_DEFAULT_RST:
+      return LOG_STR("Power On");
+    case REASON_WDT_RST:
+      return LOG_STR("Hardware Watchdog");
+    case REASON_EXCEPTION_RST:
+      return LOG_STR("Exception");
+    case REASON_SOFT_WDT_RST:
+      return LOG_STR("Software Watchdog");
+    case REASON_SOFT_RESTART:
+      return LOG_STR("Software/System restart");
+    case REASON_DEEP_SLEEP_AWAKE:
+      return LOG_STR("Deep-Sleep Wake");
+    case REASON_EXT_SYS_RST:
+      return LOG_STR("External System");
+    default:
+      return LOG_STR("Unknown");
+  }
+}
+
+// Size for core version hex buffer
+static constexpr size_t CORE_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE = 12;
+
+// Get core version string (no heap allocation)
+// Returns either core_release directly or formats core_version as hex into provided buffer
+static const char *get_core_version_str(std::span<char, CORE_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
+  if (core_release != nullptr) {
+    return core_release;
+  }
+  snprintf_P(buffer.data(), CORE_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE, PSTR("%08x"), core_version);
+  return buffer.data();
+}
+
+// Size for reset info buffer
+static constexpr size_t RESET_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE = 200;
+
+// Get detailed reset info string (no heap allocation)
+// For watchdog/exception resets, includes detailed exception info
+static const char *get_reset_info_str(std::span<char, RESET_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer, uint32_t reason) {
+  if (reason >= REASON_WDT_RST && reason <= REASON_SOFT_WDT_RST) {
+    snprintf_P(buffer.data(), RESET_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE,
+               PSTR("Fatal exception:%d flag:%d (%s) epc1:0x%08x epc2:0x%08x epc3:0x%08x excvaddr:0x%08x depc:0x%08x"),
+               static_cast<int>(resetInfo.exccause), static_cast<int>(reason),
+               LOG_STR_ARG(get_reset_reason_str(reason)), resetInfo.epc1, resetInfo.epc2, resetInfo.epc3,
+               resetInfo.excvaddr, resetInfo.depc);
+    return buffer.data();
+  }
+  return LOG_STR_ARG(get_reset_reason_str(reason));
+}
+
 const char *DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
-  char *buf = buffer.data();
-#if !defined(CLANG_TIDY)
-  String reason = ESP.getResetReason();  // NOLINT
-  snprintf_P(buf, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE, PSTR("%s"), reason.c_str());
-  return buf;
-#else
-  buf[0] = '\0';
-  return buf;
-#endif
+  // Copy from flash to provided buffer
+  strncpy_P(buffer.data(), (PGM_P) get_reset_reason_str(resetInfo.reason), RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
+  buffer[RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE - 1] = '\0';
+  return buffer.data();
 }
 
 const char *DebugComponent::get_wakeup_cause_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE> buffer) {
@@ -33,37 +92,42 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
   constexpr size_t size = DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE;
   char *buf = buffer.data();
 
-  const char *flash_mode;
+  const LogString *flash_mode;
   switch (ESP.getFlashChipMode()) {  // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
     case FM_QIO:
-      flash_mode = "QIO";
+      flash_mode = LOG_STR("QIO");
       break;
     case FM_QOUT:
-      flash_mode = "QOUT";
+      flash_mode = LOG_STR("QOUT");
       break;
     case FM_DIO:
-      flash_mode = "DIO";
+      flash_mode = LOG_STR("DIO");
       break;
     case FM_DOUT:
-      flash_mode = "DOUT";
+      flash_mode = LOG_STR("DOUT");
       break;
     default:
-      flash_mode = "UNKNOWN";
+      flash_mode = LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
   }
-  uint32_t flash_size = ESP.getFlashChipSize() / 1024;       // NOLINT
-  uint32_t flash_speed = ESP.getFlashChipSpeed() / 1000000;  // NOLINT
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Flash Chip: Size=%" PRIu32 "kB Speed=%" PRIu32 "MHz Mode=%s", flash_size, flash_speed, flash_mode);
+  uint32_t flash_size = ESP.getFlashChipSize() / 1024;       // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
+  uint32_t flash_speed = ESP.getFlashChipSpeed() / 1000000;  // NOLINT(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Flash Chip: Size=%" PRIu32 "kB Speed=%" PRIu32 "MHz Mode=%s", flash_size, flash_speed,
+           LOG_STR_ARG(flash_mode));
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Flash: %" PRIu32 "kB Speed:%" PRIu32 "MHz Mode:%s", flash_size, flash_speed,
-                          flash_mode);
+                          LOG_STR_ARG(flash_mode));
 
-#if !defined(CLANG_TIDY)
   char reason_buffer[RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE];
-  const char *reset_reason = get_reset_reason_(std::span<char, RESET_REASON_BUFFER_SIZE>(reason_buffer));
+  const char *reset_reason = get_reset_reason_(reason_buffer);
+  char core_version_buffer[CORE_VERSION_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  char reset_info_buffer[RESET_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  // NOLINTBEGIN(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
   uint32_t chip_id = ESP.getChipId();
   uint8_t boot_version = ESP.getBootVersion();
   uint8_t boot_mode = ESP.getBootMode();
   uint8_t cpu_freq = ESP.getCpuFreqMHz();
   uint32_t flash_chip_id = ESP.getFlashChipId();
+  const char *sdk_version = ESP.getSdkVersion();
+  // NOLINTEND(readability-static-accessed-through-instance)
 
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
            "Chip ID: 0x%08" PRIX32 "\n"
@@ -74,19 +138,18 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
            "Flash Chip ID=0x%08" PRIX32 "\n"
            "Reset Reason: %s\n"
            "Reset Info: %s",
-           chip_id, ESP.getSdkVersion(), ESP.getCoreVersion().c_str(), boot_version, boot_mode, cpu_freq, flash_chip_id,
-           reset_reason, ESP.getResetInfo().c_str());
+           chip_id, sdk_version, get_core_version_str(core_version_buffer), boot_version, boot_mode, cpu_freq,
+           flash_chip_id, reset_reason, get_reset_info_str(reset_info_buffer, resetInfo.reason));
 
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Chip: 0x%08" PRIX32, chip_id);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|SDK: %s", ESP.getSdkVersion());
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Core: %s", ESP.getCoreVersion().c_str());
+  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|SDK: %s", sdk_version);
+  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Core: %s", get_core_version_str(core_version_buffer));
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Boot: %u", boot_version);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Mode: %u", boot_mode);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|CPU: %u", cpu_freq);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Flash: 0x%08" PRIX32, flash_chip_id);
   pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|Reset: %s", reset_reason);
-  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|%s", ESP.getResetInfo().c_str());
-#endif
+  pos = buf_append_printf(buf, size, pos, "|%s", get_reset_info_str(reset_info_buffer, resetInfo.reason));
 
   return pos;
 }

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_uuid.h

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class ESPBTUUID {
 
   // Remove before 2026.8.0
   ESPDEPRECATED("Use to_str() instead. Removed in 2026.8.0", "2026.2.0")
-  std::string to_string() const;  // NOLINT
+  std::string to_string() const;
   const char *to_str(std::span<char, UUID_STR_LEN> output) const;
 
  protected:

esphome/components/lock/lock.cpp

@@ -28,14 +28,16 @@ const LogString *lock_state_to_string(LockState state) {
 Lock::Lock() : state(LOCK_STATE_NONE) {}
 LockCall Lock::make_call() { return LockCall(this); }
 
-void Lock::set_state_(LockState state) {
+void Lock::lock() {
   auto call = this->make_call();
-  call.set_state(state);
+  call.set_state(LOCK_STATE_LOCKED);
+  this->control(call);
+}
+void Lock::unlock() {
+  auto call = this->make_call();
+  call.set_state(LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED);
   this->control(call);
 }
-
-void Lock::lock() { this->set_state_(LOCK_STATE_LOCKED); }
-void Lock::unlock() { this->set_state_(LOCK_STATE_UNLOCKED); }
 void Lock::open() {
   if (traits.get_supports_open()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s' Opening.", this->get_name().c_str());

esphome/components/lock/lock.h

@@ -156,9 +156,6 @@ class Lock : public EntityBase {
  protected:
   friend LockCall;
 
-  /// Helper for lock/unlock convenience methods
-  void set_state_(LockState state);
-
   /** Perform the open latch action with hardware. This method is optional to implement
    * when creating a new lock.
    *

esphome/components/mapping/mapping.h

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include <cinttypes>
 #include <map>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -44,17 +43,8 @@ template<typename K, typename V> class Mapping {
       esph_log_e(TAG, "Key '%p' not found in mapping", key);
     } else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<K, std::string>) {
       esph_log_e(TAG, "Key '%s' not found in mapping", key.c_str());
-    } else if constexpr (std::is_integral_v<K>) {
-      char buf[24];  // enough for 64-bit integer
-      if constexpr (std::is_unsigned_v<K>) {
-        buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "%" PRIu64, static_cast<uint64_t>(key));
-      } else {
-        buf_append_printf(buf, sizeof(buf), 0, "%" PRId64, static_cast<int64_t>(key));
-      }
-      esph_log_e(TAG, "Key '%s' not found in mapping", buf);
     } else {
-      // All supported key types are handled above - this should never be reached
-      static_assert(sizeof(K) == 0, "Unsupported key type for Mapping error logging");
+      esph_log_e(TAG, "Key '%s' not found in mapping", to_string(key).c_str());
     }
     return {};
   }

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp

@@ -403,12 +403,6 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::loop() {
 
         this->last_connected_ = now;
         this->resubscribe_subscriptions_();
-
-        // Process pending resends for all MQTT components centrally
-        // This is more efficient than each component polling in its own loop
-        for (MQTTComponent *component : this->children_) {
-          component->process_resend();
-        }
       }
       break;
   }

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp

@@ -308,12 +308,16 @@ void MQTTComponent::call_setup() {
   }
 }
 
-void MQTTComponent::process_resend() {
-  // Called by MQTTClientComponent when connected to process pending resends
-  // Note: is_internal() check not needed - internal components are never registered
-  if (!this->resend_state_)
+void MQTTComponent::call_loop() {
+  if (this->is_internal())
     return;
 
+  this->loop();
+
+  if (!this->resend_state_ || !this->is_connected_()) {
+    return;
+  }
+
   this->resend_state_ = false;
   if (this->is_discovery_enabled()) {
     if (!this->send_discovery_()) {

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h

@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   /// Override setup_ so that we can call send_discovery() when needed.
   void call_setup() override;
 
+  void call_loop() override;
+
   void call_dump_config() override;
 
   /// Send discovery info the Home Assistant, override this.
@@ -131,9 +133,6 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   /// Internal method for the MQTT client base to schedule a resend of the state on reconnect.
   void schedule_resend_state();
 
-  /// Process pending resend if needed (called by MQTTClientComponent)
-  void process_resend();
-
   /** Send a MQTT message.
    *
    * @param topic The topic.

esphome/components/statsd/statsd.cpp

@@ -114,22 +114,14 @@ void StatsdComponent::update() {
     // This implies you can't explicitly set a gauge to a negative number without first setting it to zero.
     if (val < 0) {
       if (this->prefix_) {
-        out.append(this->prefix_);
-        out.append(".");
+        out.append(str_sprintf("%s.", this->prefix_));
       }
-      out.append(s.name);
-      out.append(":0|g\n");
+      out.append(str_sprintf("%s:0|g\n", s.name));
     }
     if (this->prefix_) {
-      out.append(this->prefix_);
-      out.append(".");
+      out.append(str_sprintf("%s.", this->prefix_));
     }
-    out.append(s.name);
-    // Buffer for ":" + value + "|g\n".
-    // %f with -DBL_MAX can produce up to 321 chars, plus ":" and "|g\n" (4) + null = 326
-    char val_buf[330];
-    buf_append_printf(val_buf, sizeof(val_buf), 0, ":%f|g\n", val);
-    out.append(val_buf);
+    out.append(str_sprintf("%s:%f|g\n", s.name, val));
 
     if (out.length() > SEND_THRESHOLD) {
       this->send_(&out);

esphome/components/voice_assistant/voice_assistant.h

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ struct Timer {
   }
   // Remove before 2026.8.0
   ESPDEPRECATED("Use to_str() instead. Removed in 2026.8.0", "2026.2.0")
-  std::string to_string() const {  // NOLINT
+  std::string to_string() const {
     char buffer[TO_STR_BUFFER_SIZE];
     return this->to_str(buffer);
   }

script/ci-custom.py

@@ -732,47 +732,6 @@ def lint_no_heap_allocating_helpers(fname, match):
     )
 
 
-@lint_re_check(
-    # Match std::to_string() or unqualified to_string() calls
-    # The esphome namespace has "using std::to_string;" so unqualified calls resolve to std::to_string
-    # Use negative lookbehind to avoid matching:
-    #   - Function definitions: "const char *to_string(" or "std::string to_string("
-    #   - Method definitions: "Class::to_string("
-    #   - Method calls: ".to_string(" or "->to_string("
-    #   - Other identifiers: "_to_string("
-    r"(?<![*&.\w>:])to_string\s*\(" + CPP_RE_EOL,
-    include=cpp_include,
-    exclude=[
-        # Vendored library
-        "esphome/components/http_request/httplib.h",
-        # Deprecated helpers that return std::string
-        "esphome/core/helpers.cpp",
-        # The using declaration itself
-        "esphome/core/helpers.h",
-        # Test fixtures - not production embedded code
-        "tests/integration/fixtures/*",
-    ],
-)
-def lint_no_std_to_string(fname, match):
-    return (
-        f"{highlight('std::to_string()')} allocates heap memory. On long-running embedded "
-        f"devices, repeated heap allocations fragment memory over time.\n"
-        f"Please use {highlight('snprintf()')} with a stack buffer instead.\n"
-        f"\n"
-        f"Buffer sizes and format specifiers:\n"
-        f"  uint8_t/int8_t:   4 chars   - %u / %d (or PRIu8/PRId8)\n"
-        f"  uint16_t/int16_t: 6 chars   - %u / %d (or PRIu16/PRId16)\n"
-        f"  uint32_t/int32_t: 11 chars  - %" + "PRIu32 / %" + "PRId32\n"
-        "  uint64_t/int64_t: 21 chars  - %" + "PRIu64 / %" + "PRId64\n"
-        f"  float/double:     24 chars  - %.8g (15 digits + sign + decimal + e+XXX)\n"
-        f"                    317 chars - %f (for DBL_MAX: 309 int digits + decimal + 6 frac + sign)\n"
-        f"\n"
-        f"For sensor values, use value_accuracy_to_buf() from helpers.h.\n"
-        f'Example: char buf[11]; snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%" PRIu32, value);\n'
-        f"(If strictly necessary, add `{highlight('// NOLINT')}` to the end of the line)"
-    )
-
-
 @lint_content_find_check(
     "ESP_LOG",
     include=["*.h", "*.tcc"],