clamp

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 - [ ] Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
 - [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
 - [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
+- [ ] Developer breaking change (an API change that could break external components)
 - [ ] Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests
 - [ ] Other
 

.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ runs:
   steps:
     - name: Set up Python ${{ inputs.python-version }}
       id: python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
     - name: Restore Python virtual environment

.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event.action != 'labeled' || github.event.sender.type != 'Bot'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
 
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@67018539274d69449ef7c02e8e71183d1719ab42 # v2
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@7e473efe3cb98aa54f8d4bac15400b15fad77d94 # v2
         with:
           app-id: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ jobs:
               'bugfix',
               'new-feature',
               'breaking-change',
+              'developer-breaking-change',
               'code-quality'
             ];
 
@@ -367,6 +368,7 @@ jobs:
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] Bugfix \(non-breaking change which fixes an issue\)/i, label: 'bugfix' },
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] New feature \(non-breaking change which adds functionality\)/i, label: 'new-feature' },
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] Breaking change \(fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected\)/i, label: 'breaking-change' },
+                { pattern: /- \[x\] Developer breaking change \(an API change that could break external components\)/i, label: 'developer-breaking-change' },
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests/i, label: 'code-quality' }
               ];
 

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 

.github/workflows/ci-clang-tidy-hash.yml

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ jobs:
           - "docker"
           # - "lint"
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx

.github/workflows/ci-memory-impact-comment.yml

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Check out code from base repository
         if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
         with:
           # Always check out from the base repository (esphome/esphome), never from forks
           # Use the PR's target branch to ensure we run trusted code from the main repo

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ jobs:
       cache-key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.key }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Generate cache-key
         id: cache-key
         run: echo key="${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'requirements_test.txt', '.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Set up Python ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.python-linters == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         id: restore-python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ jobs:
       component-test-batches: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.component-test-batches }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
         with:
           # Fetch enough history to find the merge base
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -237,10 +237,10 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-tests == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all == 'true' || needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components != '[]')
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
 
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
@@ -321,7 +321,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ jobs:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -489,7 +489,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ jobs:
           version: 1.0
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release')
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -688,7 +688,7 @@ jobs:
       skip: ${{ steps.check-script.outputs.skip }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out target branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.base_ref }}
 
@@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ jobs:
       flash_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.flash_usage }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out PR branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ jobs:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ jobs:
             # your codebase is analyzed, see https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/creating-an-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning/codeql-code-scanning-for-compiled-languages
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@0499de31b99561a6d14a36a5f662c2a54f91beee # v4.31.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@fdbfb4d2750291e159f0156def62b853c2798ca2 # v4.31.5
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@0499de31b99561a6d14a36a5f662c2a54f91beee # v4.31.2
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@fdbfb4d2750291e159f0156def62b853c2798ca2 # v4.31.5
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
       branch_build: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.branch_build }}
       deploy_env: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.deploy_env }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Get tag
         id: tag
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
       id-token: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
       - name: Build
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ jobs:
             os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
           - ghcr
           - dockerhub
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
 
       - name: Download digests
         uses: actions/download-artifact@018cc2cf5baa6db3ef3c5f8a56943fffe632ef53 # v6.0.0

.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml

@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
 
       - name: Checkout Home Assistant
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+        uses: actions/checkout@1af3b93b6815bc44a9784bd300feb67ff0d1eeb3 # v6.0.0
         with:
           repository: home-assistant/core
           path: lib/home-assistant
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
         with:
           python-version: 3.13
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           python script/run-in-env.py pre-commit run --all-files
 
       - name: Commit changes
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@271a8d0340265f705b14b6d32b9829c1cb33d45e # v7.0.8
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@84ae59a2cdc2258d6fa0732dd66352dddae2a412 # v7.0.9
         with:
           commit-message: "Synchronise Device Classes from Home Assistant"
           committer: esphomebot <esphome@openhomefoundation.org>

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.14.4
+    rev: v0.14.5
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

CODEOWNERS

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ esphome/components/bl0942/* @dbuezas @dwmw2
 esphome/components/ble_client/* @buxtronix @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ble_nus/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/* @bdraco @jesserockz
+esphome/components/bm8563/* @abmantis
 esphome/components/bme280_base/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/bme280_spi/* @apbodrov
 esphome/components/bme680_bsec/* @trvrnrth
@@ -202,6 +203,7 @@ esphome/components/havells_solar/* @sourabhjaiswal
 esphome/components/hbridge/fan/* @WeekendWarrior
 esphome/components/hbridge/light/* @DotNetDann
 esphome/components/hbridge/switch/* @dwmw2
+esphome/components/hc8/* @omartijn
 esphome/components/hdc2010/* @optimusprimespace @ssieb
 esphome/components/he60r/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/heatpumpir/* @rob-deutsch
@@ -460,6 +462,7 @@ esphome/components/st7735/* @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/st7789v/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/st7920/* @marsjan155
 esphome/components/statsd/* @Links2004
+esphome/components/stts22h/* @B48D81EFCC
 esphome/components/substitutions/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sun/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/sun_gtil2/* @Mat931
@@ -481,6 +484,7 @@ esphome/components/template/datetime/* @rfdarter
 esphome/components/template/event/* @nohat
 esphome/components/template/fan/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/text/* @mauritskorse
+esphome/components/thermopro_ble/* @sittner
 esphome/components/thermostat/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/time/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/tinyusb/* @kbx81

Doxyfile

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2025.11.0-dev
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2025.12.0-dev
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -1319,7 +1319,7 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         "clean-all", help="Clean all build and platform files."
     )
     parser_clean_all.add_argument(
-        "configuration", help="Your YAML configuration directory.", nargs="*"
+        "configuration", help="Your YAML file or configuration directory.", nargs="*"
     )
 
     parser_dashboard = subparsers.add_parser(

esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py

@@ -15,6 +15,11 @@ from . import (
 class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
     """Memory analyzer with CLI-specific report generation."""
 
+    # Symbol size threshold for detailed analysis
+    SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD: int = (
+        100  # Show symbols larger than this in detailed analysis
+    )
+
     # Column width constants
     COL_COMPONENT: int = 29
     COL_FLASH_TEXT: int = 14
@@ -191,14 +196,21 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
                     f"{len(symbols):>{self.COL_CORE_COUNT}} | {percentage:>{self.COL_CORE_PERCENT - 1}.1f}%"
                 )
 
-            # Top 15 largest core symbols
+            # All core symbols above threshold
             lines.append("")
-            lines.append(f"Top 15 Largest {_COMPONENT_CORE} Symbols:")
             sorted_core_symbols = sorted(
                 self._esphome_core_symbols, key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=True
             )
+            large_core_symbols = [
+                (symbol, demangled, size)
+                for symbol, demangled, size in sorted_core_symbols
+                if size > self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD
+            ]
 
-            for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(sorted_core_symbols[:15]):
+            lines.append(
+                f"{_COMPONENT_CORE} Symbols > {self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD} B ({len(large_core_symbols)} symbols):"
+            )
+            for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(large_core_symbols):
                 lines.append(f"{i + 1}. {demangled} ({size:,} B)")
 
             lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
@@ -268,13 +280,15 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
                 lines.append(f"Total size: {comp_mem.flash_total:,} B")
                 lines.append("")
 
-                # Show all symbols > 100 bytes for better visibility
+                # Show all symbols above threshold for better visibility
                 large_symbols = [
-                    (sym, dem, size) for sym, dem, size in sorted_symbols if size > 100
+                    (sym, dem, size)
+                    for sym, dem, size in sorted_symbols
+                    if size > self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD
                 ]
 
                 lines.append(
-                    f"{comp_name} Symbols > 100 B ({len(large_symbols)} symbols):"
+                    f"{comp_name} Symbols > {self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD} B ({len(large_symbols)} symbols):"
                 )
                 for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(large_symbols):
                     lines.append(f"{i + 1}. {demangled} ({size:,} B)")

esphome/components/absolute_humidity/absolute_humidity.cpp

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ void AbsoluteHumidityComponent::loop() {
       break;
     default:
       this->publish_state(NAN);
-      this->status_set_error("Invalid saturation vapor pressure equation selection!");
+      this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Invalid saturation vapor pressure equation selection!"));
       return;
   }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Saturation vapor pressure %f kPa", es);

esphome/components/aht10/aht10.cpp

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ void AHT10Component::setup() {
 void AHT10Component::restart_read_() {
   if (this->read_count_ == AHT10_ATTEMPTS) {
     this->read_count_ = 0;
-    this->status_set_error("Reading timed out");
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Reading timed out"));
     return;
   }
   this->read_count_++;

esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp

@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ bool Alpha3::is_current_response_type_(const uint8_t *response_type) {
 
 void Alpha3::handle_geni_response_(const uint8_t *response, uint16_t length) {
   if (this->response_offset_ >= this->response_length_) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] GENI response begin", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] GENI response begin", this->parent_->address_str());
     if (length < GENI_RESPONSE_HEADER_LENGTH) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response to short", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response too short", this->parent_->address_str());
       return;
     }
     if (response[0] != 36 || response[2] != 248 || response[3] != 231 || response[4] != 10) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response bytes %d %d %d %d %d don't match GENI HEADER", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response bytes %d %d %d %d %d don't match GENI HEADER", this->parent_->address_str(),
                response[0], response[1], response[2], response[3], response[4]);
       return;
     }
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ void Alpha3::handle_geni_response_(const uint8_t *response, uint16_t length) {
   };
 
   if (this->is_current_response_type_(GENI_RESPONSE_TYPE_FLOW_HEAD)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] FLOW HEAD Response", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] FLOW HEAD Response", this->parent_->address_str());
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_FLOW_OFFSET, this->flow_sensor_, 3600.0F);
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_HEAD_OFFSET, this->head_sensor_, .0001F);
   } else if (this->is_current_response_type_(GENI_RESPONSE_TYPE_POWER)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] POWER Response", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] POWER Response", this->parent_->address_str());
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_POWER_OFFSET, this->power_sensor_, 1.0F);
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_CURRENT_OFFSET, this->current_sensor_, 1.0F);
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_MOTOR_SPEED_OFFSET, this->speed_sensor_, 1.0F);
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ void Alpha3::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc
       if (param->open.status == ESP_GATT_OK) {
         this->response_offset_ = 0;
         this->response_length_ = 0;
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] connection open", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] connection open", this->parent_->address_str());
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void Alpha3::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc
     case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
       auto *chr = this->parent_->get_characteristic(ALPHA3_GENI_SERVICE_UUID, ALPHA3_GENI_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
       if (chr == nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No GENI service found at device, not an Alpha3..?", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No GENI service found at device, not an Alpha3..?", this->parent_->address_str());
         break;
       }
       auto status = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_remote_bda(),
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ void Alpha3::send_request_(uint8_t *request, size_t len) {
       esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->geni_handle_, len,
                                request, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   if (status)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
 }
 
 void Alpha3::update() {
   if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
 

esphome/components/am43/sensor/am43_sensor.cpp

@@ -44,11 +44,9 @@ void Am43::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_i
       auto *chr = this->parent_->get_characteristic(AM43_SERVICE_UUID, AM43_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
       if (chr == nullptr) {
         if (this->parent_->get_characteristic(AM43_TUYA_SERVICE_UUID, AM43_TUYA_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID) != nullptr) {
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Detected a Tuya AM43 which is not supported, sorry.",
-                   this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Detected a Tuya AM43 which is not supported, sorry.", this->parent_->address_str());
         } else {
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No control service found at device, not an AM43..?",
-                   this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No control service found at device, not an AM43..?", this->parent_->address_str());
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -82,8 +80,7 @@ void Am43::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_i
                                                  this->char_handle_, packet->length, packet->data,
                                                  ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
           if (status) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(),
-                     status);
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
           }
         }
         this->current_sensor_ = 0;
@@ -97,7 +94,7 @@ void Am43::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_i
 
 void Am43::update() {
   if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str());
     return;
   }
   if (this->current_sensor_ == 0) {
@@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ void Am43::update() {
           esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                    packet->length, packet->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
       if (status) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
       }
     }
     this->current_sensor_++;

esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void Anova::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (status) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
     }
   }
   if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value()) {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void Anova::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (status) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -124,8 +124,7 @@ void Anova::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_
               esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                        pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
           if (status) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(),
-                     status);
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
           }
         }
       }
@@ -150,7 +149,7 @@ void Anova::update() {
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (status) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
     }
     this->current_request_++;
   }

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES = "homeassistant_services"
 CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES = "homeassistant_states"
 CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG = "listen_backlog"
 CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE = "max_send_queue"
+CONF_STATE_SUBSCRIPTION_ONLY = "state_subscription_only"
 
 
 def validate_encryption_key(value):
@@ -260,9 +261,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
         cg.add(var.set_max_connections(config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS]))
     cg.add_define("API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE", config[CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE])
 
-    # Set USE_API_SERVICES if any services are enabled
+    # Set USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS if any services are enabled
     if config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) or config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
-        cg.add_define("USE_API_SERVICES")
+        cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS")
 
     # Set USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES if external components need dynamic service registration
     if config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
@@ -537,9 +538,24 @@ async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, arg
     return var
 
 
-@automation.register_condition("api.connected", APIConnectedCondition, {})
+API_CONNECTED_CONDITION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(APIServer),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_STATE_SUBSCRIPTION_ONLY, default=False): cv.templatable(
+            cv.boolean
+        ),
+    }
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_condition(
+    "api.connected", APIConnectedCondition, API_CONNECTED_CONDITION_SCHEMA
+)
 async def api_connected_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
-    return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
+    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE_SUBSCRIPTION_ONLY], args, cg.bool_)
+    cg.add(var.set_state_subscription_only(templ))
+    return var
 
 
 def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ message ListEntitiesLightResponse {
   bool legacy_supports_color_temperature = 8 [deprecated=true];
   float min_mireds = 9;
   float max_mireds = 10;
-  repeated string effects = 11;
+  repeated string effects = 11 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "FixedVector<const char *>"];
   bool disabled_by_default = 13;
   string icon = 14 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   EntityCategory entity_category = 15;
@@ -855,21 +855,21 @@ enum ServiceArgType {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY = 7;
 }
 message ListEntitiesServicesArgument {
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
   string name = 1;
   ServiceArgType type = 2;
 }
 message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   option (id) = 41;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
 
   string name = 1;
   fixed32 key = 2;
   repeated ListEntitiesServicesArgument args = 3 [(fixed_vector) = true];
 }
 message ExecuteServiceArgument {
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
   bool bool_ = 1;
   int32 legacy_int = 2;
   float float_ = 3;
@@ -885,7 +885,7 @@ message ExecuteServiceRequest {
   option (id) = 42;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
   option (no_delay) = true;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
 
   fixed32 key = 1;
   repeated ExecuteServiceArgument args = 2 [(fixed_vector) = true];

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ static const int CAMERA_STOP_STREAM = 5000;
 APIConnection::APIConnection(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> sock, APIServer *parent)
     : parent_(parent), initial_state_iterator_(this), list_entities_iterator_(this) {
 #if defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT) && defined(USE_API_NOISE)
-  auto noise_ctx = parent->get_noise_ctx();
-  if (noise_ctx->has_psk()) {
+  auto &noise_ctx = parent->get_noise_ctx();
+  if (noise_ctx.has_psk()) {
     this->helper_ =
         std::unique_ptr<APIFrameHelper>{new APINoiseFrameHelper(std::move(sock), noise_ctx, &this->client_info_)};
   } else {
@@ -169,8 +169,7 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
       } else {
         this->last_traffic_ = now;
         // read a packet
-        this->read_message(buffer.data_len, buffer.type,
-                           buffer.data_len > 0 ? &buffer.container[buffer.data_offset] : nullptr);
+        this->read_message(buffer.data_len, buffer.type, buffer.data);
         if (this->flags_.remove)
           return;
       }
@@ -195,6 +194,9 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
       }
       // Now that everything is sent, enable immediate sending for future state changes
       this->flags_.should_try_send_immediately = true;
+      // Release excess memory from buffers that grew during initial sync
+      this->deferred_batch_.release_buffer();
+      this->helper_->release_buffers();
     }
   }
 
@@ -476,19 +478,24 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   auto *light = static_cast<light::LightState *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesLightResponse msg;
   auto traits = light->get_traits();
+  auto supported_modes = traits.get_supported_color_modes();
   // Pass pointer to ColorModeMask so the iterator can encode actual ColorMode enum values
-  msg.supported_color_modes = &traits.get_supported_color_modes();
+  msg.supported_color_modes = &supported_modes;
   if (traits.supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::COLOR_TEMPERATURE) ||
       traits.supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::COLD_WARM_WHITE)) {
     msg.min_mireds = traits.get_min_mireds();
     msg.max_mireds = traits.get_max_mireds();
   }
+  FixedVector<const char *> effects_list;
   if (light->supports_effects()) {
-    msg.effects.emplace_back("None");
-    for (auto *effect : light->get_effects()) {
-      msg.effects.emplace_back(effect->get_name());
+    auto &light_effects = light->get_effects();
+    effects_list.init(light_effects.size() + 1);
+    effects_list.push_back("None");
+    for (auto *effect : light_effects) {
+      effects_list.push_back(effect->get_name());
     }
   }
+  msg.effects = &effects_list;
   return fill_and_encode_entity_info(light, msg, ListEntitiesLightResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size,
                                      is_single);
 }
@@ -1294,11 +1301,11 @@ void APIConnection::alarm_control_panel_command(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRe
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-void APIConnection::send_event(event::Event *event, const std::string &event_type) {
-  this->schedule_message_(event, MessageCreator(event_type), EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
-                          EventResponse::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
+void APIConnection::send_event(event::Event *event, const char *event_type) {
+  this->send_message_smart_(event, MessageCreator(event_type), EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
+                            EventResponse::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
 }
-uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const std::string &event_type, APIConnection *conn,
+uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const char *event_type, APIConnection *conn,
                                                 uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single) {
   EventResponse resp;
   resp.set_event_type(StringRef(event_type));
@@ -1450,8 +1457,11 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   resp.set_suggested_area(StringRef(App.get_area()));
 #endif
-  // mac_address must store temporary string - will be valid during send_message call
-  std::string mac_address = get_mac_address_pretty();
+  // Stack buffer for MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
+  char mac_address[18];
+  uint8_t mac[6];
+  get_mac_address_raw(mac);
+  format_mac_addr_upper(mac, mac_address);
   resp.set_mac_address(StringRef(mac_address));
 
   resp.set_esphome_version(ESPHOME_VERSION_REF);
@@ -1492,8 +1502,9 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   resp.bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_feature_flags();
-  // bt_mac must store temporary string - will be valid during send_message call
-  std::string bluetooth_mac = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty();
+  // Stack buffer for Bluetooth MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
+  char bluetooth_mac[18];
+  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(bluetooth_mac);
   resp.set_bluetooth_mac_address(StringRef(bluetooth_mac));
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
@@ -1540,7 +1551,7 @@ void APIConnection::on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateRes
   }
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 void APIConnection::execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) {
   bool found = false;
   for (auto *service : this->parent_->get_user_services()) {
@@ -1650,9 +1661,7 @@ void APIConnection::DeferredBatch::add_item(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator c
   // O(n) but optimized for RAM and not performance.
   for (auto &item : items) {
     if (item.entity == entity && item.message_type == message_type) {
-      // Clean up old creator before replacing
-      item.creator.cleanup(message_type);
-      // Move assign the new creator
+      // Replace with new creator
       item.creator = std::move(creator);
       return;
     }
@@ -1822,7 +1831,7 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
 
   // Handle remaining items more efficiently
   if (items_processed < this->deferred_batch_.size()) {
-    // Remove processed items from the beginning with proper cleanup
+    // Remove processed items from the beginning
     this->deferred_batch_.remove_front(items_processed);
     // Reschedule for remaining items
     this->schedule_batch_();
@@ -1835,10 +1844,10 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
 uint16_t APIConnection::MessageCreator::operator()(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size,
                                                    bool is_single, uint8_t message_type) const {
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  // Special case: EventResponse uses string pointer
+  // Special case: EventResponse uses const char * pointer
   if (message_type == EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE) {
     auto *e = static_cast<event::Event *>(entity);
-    return APIConnection::try_send_event_response(e, *data_.string_ptr, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
+    return APIConnection::try_send_event_response(e, data_.const_char_ptr, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
   }
 #endif
 

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  void send_event(event::Event *event, const std::string &event_type);
+  void send_event(event::Event *event, const char *event_type);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   void subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
                                                     bool is_single);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  static uint16_t try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const std::string &event_type, APIConnection *conn,
+  static uint16_t try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const char *event_type, APIConnection *conn,
                                           uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single);
   static uint16_t try_send_event_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single);
 #endif
@@ -508,10 +508,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
     // Constructor for function pointer
     MessageCreator(MessageCreatorPtr ptr) { data_.function_ptr = ptr; }
 
-    // Constructor for string state capture
-    explicit MessageCreator(const std::string &str_value) { data_.string_ptr = new std::string(str_value); }
-
-    // No destructor - cleanup must be called explicitly with message_type
+    // Constructor for const char * (Event types - no allocation needed)
+    explicit MessageCreator(const char *str_value) { data_.const_char_ptr = str_value; }
 
     // Delete copy operations - MessageCreator should only be moved
     MessageCreator(const MessageCreator &other) = delete;
@@ -523,8 +521,6 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
     // Move assignment
     MessageCreator &operator=(MessageCreator &&other) noexcept {
       if (this != &other) {
-        // IMPORTANT: Caller must ensure cleanup() was called if this contains a string!
-        // In our usage, this happens in add_item() deduplication and vector::erase()
         data_ = other.data_;
         other.data_.function_ptr = nullptr;
       }
@@ -535,20 +531,10 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
     uint16_t operator()(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single,
                         uint8_t message_type) const;
 
-    // Manual cleanup method - must be called before destruction for string types
-    void cleanup(uint8_t message_type) {
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-      if (message_type == EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE && data_.string_ptr != nullptr) {
-        delete data_.string_ptr;
-        data_.string_ptr = nullptr;
-      }
-#endif
-    }
-
    private:
     union Data {
       MessageCreatorPtr function_ptr;
-      std::string *string_ptr;
+      const char *const_char_ptr;
     } data_;  // 4 bytes on 32-bit, 8 bytes on 64-bit - same as before
   };
 
@@ -568,46 +554,35 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
     std::vector<BatchItem> items;
     uint32_t batch_start_time{0};
 
-   private:
-    // Helper to cleanup items from the beginning
-    void cleanup_items_(size_t count) {
-      for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
-        items[i].creator.cleanup(items[i].message_type);
-      }
-    }
-
-   public:
-    DeferredBatch() {
-      // Pre-allocate capacity for typical batch sizes to avoid reallocation
-      items.reserve(8);
-    }
-
-    ~DeferredBatch() {
-      // Ensure cleanup of any remaining items
-      clear();
-    }
+    // No pre-allocation - log connections never use batching, and for
+    // connections that do, buffers are released after initial sync anyway
 
     // Add item to the batch
     void add_item(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
     // Add item to the front of the batch (for high priority messages like ping)
     void add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
 
-    // Clear all items with proper cleanup
+    // Clear all items
     void clear() {
-      cleanup_items_(items.size());
       items.clear();
       batch_start_time = 0;
     }
 
-    // Remove processed items from the front with proper cleanup
-    void remove_front(size_t count) {
-      cleanup_items_(count);
-      items.erase(items.begin(), items.begin() + count);
-    }
+    // Remove processed items from the front
+    void remove_front(size_t count) { items.erase(items.begin(), items.begin() + count); }
 
     bool empty() const { return items.empty(); }
     size_t size() const { return items.size(); }
     const BatchItem &operator[](size_t index) const { return items[index]; }
+    // Release excess capacity - only releases if items already empty
+    void release_buffer() {
+      // Safe to call: batch is processed before release_buffer is called,
+      // and if any items remain (partial processing), we must not clear them.
+      // Use swap trick since shrink_to_fit() is non-binding and may be ignored.
+      if (items.empty()) {
+        std::vector<BatchItem>().swap(items);
+      }
+    }
   };
 
   // DeferredBatch here (16 bytes, 4-byte aligned)
@@ -682,21 +657,30 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   }
 #endif
 
+  // Helper to check if a message type should bypass batching
+  // Returns true if:
+  // 1. It's an UpdateStateResponse (always send immediately to handle cases where
+  //    the main loop is blocked, e.g., during OTA updates)
+  // 2. It's an EventResponse (events are edge-triggered - every occurrence matters)
+  // 3. OR: User has opted into immediate sending (should_try_send_immediately = true
+  //    AND batch_delay = 0)
+  inline bool should_send_immediately_(uint8_t message_type) const {
+    return (
+#ifdef USE_UPDATE
+        message_type == UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_EVENT
+        message_type == EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
+#endif
+        (this->flags_.should_try_send_immediately && this->get_batch_delay_ms_() == 0));
+  }
+
   // Helper method to send a message either immediately or via batching
+  // Tries immediate send if should_send_immediately_() returns true and buffer has space
+  // Falls back to batching if immediate send fails or isn't applicable
   bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreatorPtr creator, uint8_t message_type,
                            uint8_t estimated_size) {
-    // Try to send immediately if:
-    // 1. It's an UpdateStateResponse (always send immediately to handle cases where
-    //    the main loop is blocked, e.g., during OTA updates)
-    // 2. OR: We should try to send immediately (should_try_send_immediately = true)
-    //        AND Batch delay is 0 (user has opted in to immediate sending)
-    // 3. AND: Buffer has space available
-    if ((
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-            message_type == UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
-#endif
-            (this->flags_.should_try_send_immediately && this->get_batch_delay_ms_() == 0)) &&
-        this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
+    if (this->should_send_immediately_(message_type) && this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
       // Now actually encode and send
       if (creator(entity, this, MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE, true) &&
           this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref()}, message_type)) {
@@ -714,6 +698,27 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
     return this->schedule_message_(entity, creator, message_type, estimated_size);
   }
 
+  // Overload for MessageCreator (used by events which need to capture event_type)
+  bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
+    // Try to send immediately if message type should bypass batching and buffer has space
+    if (this->should_send_immediately_(message_type) && this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
+      // Now actually encode and send
+      if (creator(entity, this, MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE, true, message_type) &&
+          this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref()}, message_type)) {
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+        // Log the message in verbose mode
+        this->log_proto_message_(entity, creator, message_type);
+#endif
+        return true;
+      }
+
+      // If immediate send failed, fall through to batching
+    }
+
+    // Fall back to scheduled batching
+    return this->schedule_message_(entity, std::move(creator), message_type, estimated_size);
+  }
+
   // Helper function to schedule a deferred message with known message type
   bool schedule_message_(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
     this->deferred_batch_.add_item(entity, std::move(creator), message_type, estimated_size);

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -35,10 +35,9 @@ struct ClientInfo;
 class ProtoWriteBuffer;
 
 struct ReadPacketBuffer {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> container;
-  uint16_t type;
-  uint16_t data_offset;
+  const uint8_t *data;  // Points directly into frame helper's rx_buf_ (valid until next read_packet call)
   uint16_t data_len;
+  uint16_t type;
 };
 
 // Packed packet info structure to minimize memory usage
@@ -84,9 +83,7 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
  public:
   APIFrameHelper() = default;
   explicit APIFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, const ClientInfo *client_info)
-      : socket_owned_(std::move(socket)), client_info_(client_info) {
-    socket_ = socket_owned_.get();
-  }
+      : socket_(std::move(socket)), client_info_(client_info) {}
   virtual ~APIFrameHelper() = default;
   virtual APIError init() = 0;
   virtual APIError loop();
@@ -121,6 +118,22 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   uint8_t frame_footer_size() const { return frame_footer_size_; }
   // Check if socket has data ready to read
   bool is_socket_ready() const { return socket_ != nullptr && socket_->ready(); }
+  // Release excess memory from internal buffers after initial sync
+  void release_buffers() {
+    // rx_buf_: Safe to clear only if no partial read in progress.
+    // rx_buf_len_ tracks bytes read so far; if non-zero, we're mid-frame
+    // and clearing would lose partially received data.
+    if (this->rx_buf_len_ == 0) {
+      // Use swap trick since shrink_to_fit() is non-binding and may be ignored
+      std::vector<uint8_t>().swap(this->rx_buf_);
+    }
+    // reusable_iovs_: Safe to release unconditionally.
+    // Only used within write_protobuf_packets() calls - cleared at start,
+    // populated with pointers, used for writev(), then function returns.
+    // The iovecs contain stale pointers after the call (data was either sent
+    // or copied to tx_buf_), and are cleared on next write_protobuf_packets().
+    std::vector<struct iovec>().swap(this->reusable_iovs_);
+  }
 
  protected:
   // Buffer containing data to be sent
@@ -149,9 +162,8 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf,
                       const std::string &info, StateEnum &state, StateEnum failed_state);
 
-  // Pointers first (4 bytes each)
-  socket::Socket *socket_{nullptr};
-  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_owned_;
+  // Socket ownership (4 bytes on 32-bit, 8 bytes on 64-bit)
+  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
 
   // Common state enum for all frame helpers
   // Note: Not all states are used by all implementations

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -239,12 +239,13 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
   }
   if (state_ == State::SERVER_HELLO) {
     // send server hello
+    constexpr size_t mac_len = 13;  // 12 hex chars + null terminator
     const std::string &name = App.get_name();
-    const std::string &mac = get_mac_address();
+    char mac[mac_len];
+    get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac);
 
     // Calculate positions and sizes
     size_t name_len = name.size() + 1;  // including null terminator
-    size_t mac_len = mac.size() + 1;    // including null terminator
     size_t name_offset = 1;
     size_t mac_offset = name_offset + name_len;
     size_t total_size = 1 + name_len + mac_len;
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
     // node name, terminated by null byte
     std::memcpy(msg.get() + name_offset, name.c_str(), name_len);
     // node mac, terminated by null byte
-    std::memcpy(msg.get() + mac_offset, mac.c_str(), mac_len);
+    std::memcpy(msg.get() + mac_offset, mac, mac_len);
 
     aerr = write_frame_(msg.get(), total_size);
     if (aerr != APIError::OK)
@@ -406,8 +407,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
     return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
   }
 
-  buffer->container = std::move(this->rx_buf_);
-  buffer->data_offset = 4;
+  buffer->data = msg_data + 4;  // Skip 4-byte header (type + length)
   buffer->data_len = data_len;
   buffer->type = type;
   return APIError::OK;
@@ -527,7 +527,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_handshake_() {
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
 
-  const auto &psk = ctx_->get_psk();
+  const auto &psk = this->ctx_.get_psk();
   err = noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(handshake_, psk.data(), psk.size());
   aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key"),
                              APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h

@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
  public:
-  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx,
-                      const ClientInfo *client_info)
-      : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket), client_info), ctx_(std::move(ctx)) {
+  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, APINoiseContext &ctx, const ClientInfo *client_info)
+      : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket), client_info), ctx_(ctx) {
     // Noise header structure:
     // Pos 0: indicator (0x01)
     // Pos 1-2: encrypted payload size (16-bit big-endian)
@@ -41,8 +40,8 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   NoiseCipherState *send_cipher_{nullptr};
   NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher_{nullptr};
 
-  // Shared pointer (8 bytes on 32-bit = 4 bytes control block pointer + 4 bytes object pointer)
-  std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx_;
+  // Reference to noise context (4 bytes on 32-bit)
+  APINoiseContext &ctx_;
 
   // Vector (12 bytes on 32-bit)
   std::vector<uint8_t> prologue_;

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp

@@ -210,8 +210,7 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
     return aerr;
   }
 
-  buffer->container = std::move(this->rx_buf_);
-  buffer->data_offset = 0;
+  buffer->data = this->rx_buf_.data();
   buffer->data_len = this->rx_header_parsed_len_;
   buffer->type = this->rx_header_parsed_type_;
   return APIError::OK;

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -476,8 +476,8 @@ void ListEntitiesLightResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   }
   buffer.encode_float(9, this->min_mireds);
   buffer.encode_float(10, this->max_mireds);
-  for (auto &it : this->effects) {
-    buffer.encode_string(11, it, true);
+  for (const char *it : *this->effects) {
+    buffer.encode_string(11, it, strlen(it), true);
   }
   buffer.encode_bool(13, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
@@ -499,9 +499,9 @@ void ListEntitiesLightResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   }
   size.add_float(1, this->min_mireds);
   size.add_float(1, this->max_mireds);
-  if (!this->effects.empty()) {
-    for (const auto &it : this->effects) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
+  if (!this->effects->empty()) {
+    for (const char *it : *this->effects) {
+      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
     }
   }
   size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
@@ -995,7 +995,7 @@ bool GetTimeResponse::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
   }
   return true;
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->name_ref_);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ enum LogLevel : uint32_t {
   LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE = 6,
   LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE = 7,
 };
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 enum ServiceArgType : uint32_t {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL = 0,
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_INT = 1,
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ class ListEntitiesLightResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const light::ColorModeMask *supported_color_modes{};
   float min_mireds{0.0f};
   float max_mireds{0.0f};
-  std::vector<std::string> effects{};
+  const FixedVector<const char *> *effects{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -1239,7 +1239,7 @@ class GetTimeResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
 };
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   StringRef name_ref_{};

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ static void dump_field(std::string &out, const char *field_name, float value, in
 static void dump_field(std::string &out, const char *field_name, uint64_t value, int indent = 2) {
   char buffer[64];
   append_field_prefix(out, field_name, indent);
-  snprintf(buffer, 64, "%llu", value);
+  snprintf(buffer, 64, "%" PRIu64, value);
   append_with_newline(out, buffer);
 }
 
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::LogLevel>(enums::LogLevel val
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ServiceArgType>(enums::ServiceArgType value) {
   switch (value) {
     case enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL:
@@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ void ListEntitiesLightResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   }
   dump_field(out, "min_mireds", this->min_mireds);
   dump_field(out, "max_mireds", this->max_mireds);
-  for (const auto &it : this->effects) {
+  for (const auto &it : *this->effects) {
     dump_field(out, "effects", it, 4);
   }
   dump_field(out, "disabled_by_default", this->disabled_by_default);
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ void GetTimeResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->timezone, this->timezone_len));
   out.append("\n");
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ListEntitiesServicesArgument");
   dump_field(out, "name", this->name_ref_);

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::log_send_message_(const char *name, const std::str
 }
 #endif
 
-void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) {
+void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {
   switch (msg_type) {
     case HelloRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       HelloRequest msg;
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
     case ExecuteServiceRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       ExecuteServiceRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const Subsc
   this->subscribe_home_assistant_states(msg);
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 void APIServerConnection::on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) { this->execute_service(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) { th
 void APIServerConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) { this->zwave_proxy_request(msg); }
 #endif
 
-void APIServerConnection::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) {
+void APIServerConnection::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {
   // Check authentication/connection requirements for messages
   switch (msg_type) {
     case HelloRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:  // No setup required

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 
   virtual void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value){};
 
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   virtual void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
   virtual void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &value){};
 #endif
  protected:
-  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) override;
+  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) override;
 };
 
 class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   virtual void subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   virtual void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) override;
+  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -101,19 +101,7 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
   if (logger::global_logger != nullptr) {
-    logger::global_logger->add_on_log_callback(
-        [this](int level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
-          if (this->shutting_down_) {
-            // Don't try to send logs during shutdown
-            // as it could result in a recursion and
-            // we would be filling a buffer we are trying to clear
-            return;
-          }
-          for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
-            if (!c->flags_.remove && c->get_log_subscription_level() >= level)
-              c->try_send_log_message(level, tag, message, message_len);
-          }
-        });
+    logger::global_logger->add_log_listener(this);
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -227,8 +215,8 @@ void APIServer::dump_config() {
                 "  Max connections: %u",
                 network::get_use_address(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, this->max_connections_);
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_->has_psk()));
-  if (!this->noise_ctx_->has_psk()) {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()));
+  if (!this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Supports encryption: YES");
   }
 #else
@@ -493,7 +481,7 @@ bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Key set in YAML");
   return false;
 #else
-  auto &old_psk = this->noise_ctx_->get_psk();
+  auto &old_psk = this->noise_ctx_.get_psk();
   if (std::equal(old_psk.begin(), old_psk.end(), psk.begin())) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "New PSK matches old");
     return true;
@@ -528,7 +516,33 @@ void APIServer::request_time() {
 }
 #endif
 
-bool APIServer::is_connected() const { return !this->clients_.empty(); }
+bool APIServer::is_connected(bool state_subscription_only) const {
+  if (!state_subscription_only) {
+    return !this->clients_.empty();
+  }
+
+  for (const auto &client : this->clients_) {
+    if (client->flags_.state_subscription) {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+void APIServer::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+  if (this->shutting_down_) {
+    // Don't try to send logs during shutdown
+    // as it could result in a recursion and
+    // we would be filling a buffer we are trying to clear
+    return;
+  }
+  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+    if (!c->flags_.remove && c->get_log_subscription_level() >= level)
+      c->try_send_log_message(level, tag, message, message_len);
+  }
+}
+#endif
 
 void APIServer::on_shutdown() {
   this->shutting_down_ = true;

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -12,9 +12,12 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "list_entities.h"
 #include "subscribe_state.h"
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 #include "user_services.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+#include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
+#endif
 
 #include <map>
 #include <vector>
@@ -27,7 +30,13 @@ struct SavedNoisePsk {
 } PACKED;  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
-class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
+class APIServer : public Component,
+                  public Controller
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+    ,
+                  public logger::LogListener
+#endif
+{
  public:
   APIServer();
   void setup() override;
@@ -37,6 +46,9 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   void dump_config() override;
   void on_shutdown() override;
   bool teardown() override;
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
   bool check_password(const uint8_t *password_data, size_t password_len) const;
   void set_password(const std::string &password);
@@ -54,8 +66,8 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
   bool clear_noise_psk(bool make_active = true);
-  void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { noise_ctx_->set_psk(psk); }
-  std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> get_noise_ctx() { return noise_ctx_; }
+  void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { this->noise_ctx_.set_psk(psk); }
+  APINoiseContext &get_noise_ctx() { return this->noise_ctx_; }
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 
   void handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn);
@@ -124,7 +136,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   void initialize_user_services(std::initializer_list<UserServiceDescriptor *> services) {
     this->user_services_.assign(services);
   }
@@ -150,7 +162,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   void on_zwave_proxy_request(const esphome::api::ProtoMessage &msg);
 #endif
 
-  bool is_connected() const;
+  bool is_connected(bool state_subscription_only = false) const;
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   struct HomeAssistantStateSubscription {
@@ -166,7 +178,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
                                 std::function<void(std::string)> f);
   const std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> &get_state_subs() const;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   const std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> &get_user_services() const { return this->user_services_; }
 #endif
 
@@ -206,7 +218,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> state_subs_;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> user_services_;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -228,7 +240,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
   // 7 bytes used, 1 byte padding
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> noise_ctx_ = std::make_shared<APINoiseContext>();
+  APINoiseContext noise_ctx_;
   ESPPreferenceObject noise_pref_;
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 };
@@ -236,8 +248,11 @@ class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
 extern APIServer *global_api_server;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 template<typename... Ts> class APIConnectedCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state_subscription_only)
  public:
-  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return global_api_server->is_connected(); }
+  bool check(const Ts &...x) override {
+    return global_api_server->is_connected(this->state_subscription_only_.value(x...));
+  }
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 #include <map>
 #include "api_server.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 #include "user_services.h"
 #endif
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 template<typename T, typename... Ts> class CustomAPIDeviceService : public UserServiceDynamic<Ts...> {
  public:
   CustomAPIDeviceService(const std::string &name, const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names, T *obj,
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ template<typename T, typename... Ts> class CustomAPIDeviceService : public UserS
   T *obj_;
   void (T::*callback_)(Ts...);
 };
-#endif  // USE_API_SERVICES
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 
 class CustomAPIDevice {
  public:
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param name The name of the service to register.
    * @param arg_names The name of the arguments for the service, must match the arguments of the function.
    */
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   template<typename T, typename... Ts>
   void register_service(void (T::*callback)(Ts...), const std::string &name,
                         const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names) {
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param callback The member function to call when the service is triggered.
    * @param name The name of the arguments for the service, must match the arguments of the function.
    */
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   template<typename T> void register_service(void (T::*callback)(), const std::string &name) {
 #ifdef USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T>(name, {}, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT

esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_end() { return this->client_->send_list_info_done(
 
 ListEntitiesIterator::ListEntitiesIterator(APIConnection *client) : client_(client) {}
 
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) {
   auto resp = service->encode_list_service_response();
   return this->client_->send_message(resp, ListEntitiesServicesResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);

esphome/components/api/list_entities.h

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class ListEntitiesIterator : public ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   bool on_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *entity) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   bool on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -846,7 +846,7 @@ class ProtoService {
    */
   virtual ProtoWriteBuffer create_buffer(uint32_t reserve_size) = 0;
   virtual bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) = 0;
-  virtual void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) = 0;
+  virtual void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) = 0;
 
   // Optimized method that pre-allocates buffer based on message size
   bool send_message_(const ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type) {

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "api_pb2.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 namespace esphome::api {
 
 class UserServiceDescriptor {
@@ -51,13 +51,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
       return false;
     if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
       return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+    this->execute_(req.args, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
     return true;
   }
 
  protected:
   virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<typename ArgsContainer, int... S> void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, seq<S...> type) {
+  template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
+  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, std::index_sequence<S...> type) {
     this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 
@@ -95,13 +96,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor
       return false;
     if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
       return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
+    this->execute_(req.args, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
     return true;
   }
 
  protected:
   virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<typename ArgsContainer, int... S> void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, seq<S...> type) {
+  template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
+  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, std::index_sequence<S...> type) {
     this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 
@@ -122,4 +124,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceTrigger : public UserServiceBase<Ts...
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
-#endif  // USE_API_SERVICES
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS

esphome/components/bh1900nux/bh1900nux.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ void BH1900NUXSensor::setup() {
   i2c::ErrorCode result_code =
       this->write_register(SOFT_RESET_REG, &SOFT_RESET_PAYLOAD, 1);  // Software Reset to check communication
   if (result_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    this->mark_failed(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
 }

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 #include "automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "binary_sensor.automation";
 
-void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::on_state_(bool state) {
+void MultiClickTrigger::on_state_(bool state) {
   // Handle duplicate events
   if (state == this->last_state_) {
     return;
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::on_state_(bool state) {
 
   *this->at_index_ = *this->at_index_ + 1;
 }
-void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::schedule_cooldown_() {
+void MultiClickTrigger::schedule_cooldown_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: Invalid length of press, starting cooldown of %" PRIu32 " ms", this->invalid_cooldown_);
   this->is_in_cooldown_ = true;
   this->set_timeout("cooldown", this->invalid_cooldown_, [this]() {
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::schedule_cooldown_() {
   this->cancel_timeout("is_valid");
   this->cancel_timeout("is_not_valid");
 }
-void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_valid_(uint32_t min_length) {
+void MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_valid_(uint32_t min_length) {
   if (min_length == 0) {
     this->is_valid_ = true;
     return;
@@ -90,19 +89,19 @@ void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_valid_(uint32_t min_length) {
     this->is_valid_ = true;
   });
 }
-void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_not_valid_(uint32_t max_length) {
+void MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_not_valid_(uint32_t max_length) {
   this->set_timeout("is_not_valid", max_length, [this]() {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You waited too long to %s.", this->parent_->state ? "RELEASE" : "PRESS");
     this->is_valid_ = false;
     this->schedule_cooldown_();
   });
 }
-void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::cancel() {
+void MultiClickTrigger::cancel() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: Sequence explicitly cancelled.");
   this->is_valid_ = false;
   this->schedule_cooldown_();
 }
-void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::trigger_() {
+void MultiClickTrigger::trigger_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: Hooray, multi click is valid. Triggering!");
   this->at_index_.reset();
   this->cancel_timeout("trigger");
@@ -118,5 +117,4 @@ bool match_interval(uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length, uint32_t length) {
     return length >= min_length && length <= max_length;
   }
 }
-}  // namespace binary_sensor
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.h

@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
 
 struct MultiClickTriggerEvent {
   bool state;
@@ -172,5 +171,4 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BinarySensorInvalidateAction : public Action<Ts..
   BinarySensor *sensor_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace binary_sensor
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/controller_registry.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-
-namespace binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "binary_sensor";
 
@@ -63,6 +61,4 @@ void BinarySensor::add_filters(std::initializer_list<Filter *> filters) {
 }
 bool BinarySensor::is_status_binary_sensor() const { return false; }
 
-}  // namespace binary_sensor
-
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h

@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <initializer_list>
 
-namespace esphome {
-
-namespace binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
 
 class BinarySensor;
 void log_binary_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, BinarySensor *obj);
@@ -70,5 +68,4 @@ class BinarySensorInitiallyOff : public BinarySensor {
   bool has_state() const override { return true; }
 };
 
-}  // namespace binary_sensor
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 
 #include "binary_sensor.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-
-namespace binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sensor.filter";
 
@@ -132,6 +130,4 @@ optional<bool> SettleFilter::new_value(bool value) {
 
 float SettleFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
-}  // namespace binary_sensor
-
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h

@@ -4,9 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-
-namespace binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
 
 class BinarySensor;
 
@@ -139,6 +137,4 @@ class SettleFilter : public Filter, public Component {
   bool steady_{true};
 };
 
-}  // namespace binary_sensor
-
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.h

@@ -122,16 +122,19 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
   void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
-    std::vector<uint8_t> value;
+
+    bool result;
     if (this->len_ >= 0) {
-      // Static mode: copy from flash to vector
-      value.assign(this->value_.data, this->value_.data + this->len_);
+      // Static mode: write directly from flash pointer
+      result = this->write(this->value_.data, this->len_);
     } else {
-      // Template mode: call function
-      value = this->value_.func(x...);
+      // Template mode: call function and write the vector
+      std::vector<uint8_t> value = this->value_.func(x...);
+      result = this->write(value);
     }
+
     // on write failure, continue the automation chain rather than stopping so that e.g. disconnect can work.
-    if (!write(value))
+    if (!result)
       this->play_next_(x...);
   }
 
@@ -144,15 +147,15 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
    * errors.
    */
   // initiate the write. Return true if all went well, will be followed by a WRITE_CHAR event.
-  bool write(const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) {
+  bool write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
     if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
       esph_log_w(Automation::TAG, "Cannot write to BLE characteristic - not connected");
       return false;
     }
-    esph_log_vv(Automation::TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", value.size(), format_hex_pretty(value).c_str());
-    esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(),
-                                             this->char_handle_, value.size(), const_cast<uint8_t *>(value.data()),
-                                             this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
+    esph_log_vv(Automation::TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", len, format_hex_pretty(data, len).c_str());
+    esp_err_t err =
+        esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_, len,
+                                 const_cast<uint8_t *>(data), this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       esph_log_e(Automation::TAG, "Error writing to characteristic: %s!", esp_err_to_name(err));
       return false;
@@ -160,6 +163,8 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
     return true;
   }
 
+  bool write(const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) { return this->write(value.data(), value.size()); }
+
   void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
                            esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override {
     switch (event) {
@@ -193,7 +198,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
         }
         this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
         esph_log_d(Automation::TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
-                   ble_client_->address_str().c_str());
+                   ble_client_->address_str());
         break;
       }
       default:

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.cpp

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void BLEClient::set_enabled(bool enabled) {
     return;
   this->enabled = enabled;
   if (!enabled) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disabling BLE client.", this->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disabling BLE client.", this->address_str());
     this->disconnect();
   }
 }

esphome/components/ble_client/output/ble_binary_output.cpp

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ void BLEBinaryOutput::dump_config() {
                 "  MAC address        : %s\n"
                 "  Service UUID       : %s\n"
                 "  Characteristic UUID: %s",
-                this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
+                this->parent_->address_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
                 this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str());
   LOG_BINARY_OUTPUT(this);
 }
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ void BLEBinaryOutput::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_i
       }
       this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
-               this->parent()->address_str().c_str());
+               this->parent()->address_str());
       this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
       break;
     }

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ void BLEClientRSSISensor::loop() {
 
 void BLEClientRSSISensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "BLE Client RSSI Sensor", this);
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  MAC address        : %s", this->parent()->address_str().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  MAC address        : %s", this->parent()->address_str());
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
@@ -69,10 +69,10 @@ void BLEClientRSSISensor::update() {
   this->get_rssi_();
 }
 void BLEClientRSSISensor::get_rssi_() {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "requesting rssi from %s", this->parent()->address_str().c_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "requesting rssi from %s", this->parent()->address_str());
   auto status = esp_ble_gap_read_rssi(this->parent()->get_remote_bda());
   if (status != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_read_rssi error, address=%s, status=%d", this->parent()->address_str().c_str(), status);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_read_rssi error, address=%s, status=%d", this->parent()->address_str(), status);
     this->status_set_warning();
     this->publish_state(NAN);
   }

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_sensor.cpp

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ void BLESensor::dump_config() {
                 "  Characteristic UUID: %s\n"
                 "  Descriptor UUID    : %s\n"
                 "  Notifications      : %s",
-                this->parent()->address_str().c_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
+                this->parent()->address_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
                 this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), this->descr_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), YESNO(this->notify_));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }

esphome/components/ble_client/text_sensor/ble_text_sensor.cpp

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ void BLETextSensor::dump_config() {
                 "  Characteristic UUID: %s\n"
                 "  Descriptor UUID    : %s\n"
                 "  Notifications      : %s",
-                this->parent()->address_str().c_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
+                this->parent()->address_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
                 this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), this->descr_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), YESNO(this->notify_));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }

esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.cpp

@@ -87,17 +87,21 @@ void BLENUS::setup() {
   global_ble_nus = this;
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
   if (logger::global_logger != nullptr && this->expose_log_) {
-    logger::global_logger->add_on_log_callback(
-        [this](int level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
-          this->write_array(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(message), message_len);
-          const char c = '\n';
-          this->write_array(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&c), 1);
-        });
+    logger::global_logger->add_log_listener(this);
   }
-
 #endif
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+void BLENUS::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+  (void) level;
+  (void) tag;
+  this->write_array(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(message), message_len);
+  const char c = '\n';
+  this->write_array(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(&c), 1);
+}
+#endif
+
 void BLENUS::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ble nus:");
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  log: %s", YESNO(this->expose_log_));

esphome/components/ble_nus/ble_nus.h

@@ -2,12 +2,20 @@
 #ifdef USE_ZEPHYR
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+#include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
+#endif
 #include <shell/shell_bt_nus.h>
 #include <atomic>
 
 namespace esphome::ble_nus {
 
-class BLENUS : public Component {
+class BLENUS : public Component
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+    ,
+               public logger::LogListener
+#endif
+{
   enum TxStatus {
     TX_DISABLED,
     TX_ENABLED,
@@ -20,6 +28,9 @@ class BLENUS : public Component {
   void loop() override;
   size_t write_array(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
   void set_expose_log(bool expose_log) { this->expose_log_ = expose_log; }
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER
+  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override;
+#endif
 
  protected:
   static void send_enabled_callback(bt_nus_send_status status);

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_connection.cpp

@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
 
     if (service_status != ESP_GATT_OK || service_count == 0) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_get_service %s, status=%d, service_count=%d, offset=%d",
-               this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(),
-               service_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? "error" : "missing", service_status, service_count, this->send_service_);
+               this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), service_status != ESP_GATT_OK ? "error" : "missing",
+               service_status, service_count, this->send_service_);
       this->send_service_ = DONE_SENDING_SERVICES;
       return;
     }
@@ -312,13 +312,13 @@ void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
       if (resp.services.size() > 1) {
         resp.services.pop_back();
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d would exceed limit (current: %d + service: %d > %d), sending current batch",
-                 this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(), this->send_service_, current_size, service_size,
+                 this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), this->send_service_, current_size, service_size,
                  MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
         // Don't increment send_service_ - we'll retry this service in next batch
       } else {
         // This single service is too large, but we have to send it anyway
         ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service %d is too large (%d bytes) but sending anyway", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str().c_str(), this->send_service_, service_size);
+                 this->address_str(), this->send_service_, service_size);
         // Increment so we don't get stuck
         this->send_service_++;
       }
@@ -337,21 +337,20 @@ void BluetoothConnection::send_service_for_discovery_() {
 }
 
 void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_error_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(), operation,
-           status);
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), operation, status);
 }
 
 void BluetoothConnection::log_connection_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(), operation, err);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s failed, err=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), operation, err);
 }
 
 void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_not_connected_(const char *action, const char *type) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected.", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(),
-           action, type);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot %s GATT %s, not connected.", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(), action,
+           type);
 }
 
 void BluetoothConnection::log_gatt_operation_error_(const char *operation, uint16_t handle, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error %s for handle 0x%2X, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str().c_str(),
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error %s for handle 0x%2X, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str(),
            operation, handle, status);
 }
 
@@ -372,14 +371,14 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
     case ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT: {
       // Don't reset connection yet - wait for CLOSE_EVT to ensure controller has freed resources
       // This prevents race condition where we mark slot as free before controller cleanup is complete
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect, reason=0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect, reason=0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                param->disconnect.reason);
       // Send disconnection notification but don't free the slot yet
       this->proxy_->send_device_connection(this->address_, false, 0, param->disconnect.reason);
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_CLOSE_EVT: {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Close, reason=0x%02x, freeing slot", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Close, reason=0x%02x, freeing slot", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                param->close.reason);
       // Now the GATT connection is fully closed and controller resources are freed
       // Safe to mark the connection slot as available
@@ -463,7 +462,7 @@ bool BluetoothConnection::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_ga
       break;
     }
     case ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_NOTIFY_EVT: handle=0x%2X", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                param->notify.handle);
       api::BluetoothGATTNotifyDataResponse resp;
       resp.address = this->address_;
@@ -502,8 +501,7 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_characteristic(uint16_t handle) {
     return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           handle);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
 
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char", err);
@@ -515,8 +513,7 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_characteristic(uint16_t handle, const uint8
     this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "characteristic");
     return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           handle);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT characteristic handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
 
   // ESP-IDF's API requires a non-const uint8_t* but it doesn't modify the data
   // The BTC layer immediately copies the data to its own buffer (see btc_gattc.c)
@@ -532,8 +529,7 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::read_descriptor(uint16_t handle) {
     this->log_gatt_not_connected_("read", "descriptor");
     return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           handle);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Reading GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
 
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr(this->gattc_if_, this->conn_id_, handle, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_read_char_descr", err);
@@ -544,8 +540,7 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::write_descriptor(uint16_t handle, const uint8_t *
     this->log_gatt_not_connected_("write", "descriptor");
     return ESP_GATT_NOT_CONNECTED;
   }
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           handle);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Writing GATT descriptor handle %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, handle);
 
   // ESP-IDF's API requires a non-const uint8_t* but it doesn't modify the data
   // The BTC layer immediately copies the data to its own buffer (see btc_gattc.c)
@@ -564,13 +559,13 @@ esp_err_t BluetoothConnection::notify_characteristic(uint16_t handle, bool enabl
 
   if (enable) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Registering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_.c_str(), handle);
+             this->address_str_, handle);
     esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
     return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify", err);
   }
 
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Unregistering for GATT characteristic notifications handle %d", this->connection_index_,
-           this->address_str_.c_str(), handle);
+           this->address_str_, handle);
   esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify(this->gattc_if_, this->remote_bda_, handle);
   return this->check_and_log_error_("esp_ble_gattc_unregister_for_notify", err);
 }

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.cpp

@@ -27,11 +27,13 @@ void BluetoothProxy::setup() {
   // Capture the configured scan mode from YAML before any API changes
   this->configured_scan_active_ = this->parent_->get_scan_active();
 
-  this->parent_->add_scanner_state_callback([this](esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) {
-    if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
-      this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(state);
-    }
-  });
+  this->parent_->add_scanner_state_listener(this);
+}
+
+void BluetoothProxy::on_scanner_state(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) {
+  if (this->api_connection_ != nullptr) {
+    this->send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(state);
+  }
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) {
@@ -47,12 +49,11 @@ void BluetoothProxy::send_bluetooth_scanner_state_(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerSta
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_request_ignored_(BluetoothConnection *connection, espbt::ClientState state) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request ignored, state: %s", connection->get_connection_index(),
-           connection->address_str().c_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(state));
+           connection->address_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(state));
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_connection_info_(BluetoothConnection *connection, const char *message) {
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connecting %s", connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str().c_str(),
-           message);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connecting %s", connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str(), message);
 }
 
 void BluetoothProxy::log_not_connected_gatt_(const char *action, const char *type) {
@@ -186,7 +187,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest
       }
       if (!msg.has_address_type) {
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Missing address type in connect request", connection->get_connection_index(),
-                 connection->address_str().c_str());
+                 connection->address_str());
         this->send_device_connection(msg.address, false);
         return;
       }
@@ -199,7 +200,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_device_request(const api::BluetoothDeviceRequest
       } else if (connection->state() == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING) {
         if (connection->disconnect_pending()) {
           ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection request while pending disconnect, cancelling pending disconnect",
-                   connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str().c_str());
+                   connection->get_connection_index(), connection->address_str());
           connection->cancel_pending_disconnect();
           return;
         }
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@ void BluetoothProxy::bluetooth_gatt_send_services(const api::BluetoothGATTGetSer
     return;
   }
   if (!connection->service_count_) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] No GATT services found", connection->connection_index_, connection->address_str().c_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] No GATT services found", connection->connection_index_, connection->address_str());
     this->send_gatt_services_done(msg.address);
     return;
   }

esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/bluetooth_proxy.h

@@ -52,7 +52,9 @@ enum BluetoothProxySubscriptionFlag : uint32_t {
   SUBSCRIPTION_RAW_ADVERTISEMENTS = 1 << 0,
 };
 
-class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, public Component {
+class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener,
+                             public esp32_ble_tracker::BLEScannerStateListener,
+                             public Component {
   friend class BluetoothConnection;  // Allow connection to update connections_free_response_
  public:
   BluetoothProxy();
@@ -108,6 +110,9 @@ class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, publ
   void set_active(bool active) { this->active_ = active; }
   bool has_active() { return this->active_; }
 
+  /// BLEScannerStateListener interface
+  void on_scanner_state(esp32_ble_tracker::ScannerState state) override;
+
   uint32_t get_legacy_version() const {
     if (this->active_) {
       return LEGACY_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS_VERSION;
@@ -130,11 +135,13 @@ class BluetoothProxy final : public esp32_ble_tracker::ESPBTDeviceListener, publ
     return flags;
   }
 
-  std::string get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty() {
+  void get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(std::span<char, 18> output) {
     const uint8_t *mac = esp_bt_dev_get_address();
-    char buf[18];
-    format_mac_addr_upper(mac, buf);
-    return std::string(buf);
+    if (mac != nullptr) {
+      format_mac_addr_upper(mac, output.data());
+    } else {
+      output[0] = '\0';
+    }
   }
 
  protected:

esphome/components/bm8563/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+CODEOWNERS = ["@abmantis"]

esphome/components/bm8563/bm8563.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+#include "bm8563.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bm8563 {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "bm8563";
+
+static constexpr uint8_t CONTROL_STATUS_1_REG = 0x00;
+static constexpr uint8_t CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG = 0x01;
+static constexpr uint8_t TIME_FIRST_REG = 0x02;  // Time uses reg 2, 3, 4
+static constexpr uint8_t DATE_FIRST_REG = 0x05;  // Date uses reg 5, 6, 7, 8
+static constexpr uint8_t TIMER_CONTROL_REG = 0x0E;
+static constexpr uint8_t TIMER_VALUE_REG = 0x0F;
+static constexpr uint8_t CLOCK_1_HZ = 0x82;
+static constexpr uint8_t CLOCK_1_60_HZ = 0x83;
+// Maximum duration: 255 minutes (at 1/60 Hz) = 15300 seconds
+static constexpr uint32_t MAX_TIMER_DURATION_S = 255 * 60;
+
+void BM8563::setup() {
+  if (!this->write_byte_16(CONTROL_STATUS_1_REG, 0)) {
+    this->mark_failed();
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void BM8563::update() { this->read_time(); }
+
+void BM8563::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "BM8563:");
+  LOG_I2C_DEVICE(this);
+  if (this->is_failed()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+  }
+}
+
+void BM8563::start_timer(uint32_t duration_s) {
+  this->clear_irq_();
+  this->set_timer_irq_(duration_s);
+}
+
+void BM8563::write_time() {
+  auto now = time::RealTimeClock::utcnow();
+  if (!now.is_valid()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid system time, not syncing to RTC.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Writing time: %i-%i-%i %i, %i:%i:%i", now.year, now.month, now.day_of_month, now.day_of_week, now.hour,
+           now.minute, now.second);
+
+  this->set_time_(now);
+  this->set_date_(now);
+}
+
+void BM8563::read_time() {
+  ESPTime rtc_time;
+  this->get_time_(rtc_time);
+  this->get_date_(rtc_time);
+  rtc_time.day_of_year = 1;  // unused by recalc_timestamp_utc, but needs to be valid
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Read time: %i-%i-%i %i, %i:%i:%i", rtc_time.year, rtc_time.month, rtc_time.day_of_month,
+           rtc_time.day_of_week, rtc_time.hour, rtc_time.minute, rtc_time.second);
+
+  rtc_time.recalc_timestamp_utc(false);
+  if (!rtc_time.is_valid()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Invalid RTC time, not syncing to system clock.");
+    return;
+  }
+  time::RealTimeClock::synchronize_epoch_(rtc_time.timestamp);
+}
+
+uint8_t BM8563::bcd2_to_byte_(uint8_t value) {
+  const uint8_t tmp = ((value & 0xF0) >> 0x4) * 10;
+  return tmp + (value & 0x0F);
+}
+
+uint8_t BM8563::byte_to_bcd2_(uint8_t value) {
+  const uint8_t bcdhigh = value / 10;
+  value -= bcdhigh * 10;
+  return (bcdhigh << 4) | value;
+}
+
+void BM8563::get_time_(ESPTime &time) {
+  uint8_t buf[3] = {0};
+  this->read_register(TIME_FIRST_REG, buf, 3);
+
+  time.second = this->bcd2_to_byte_(buf[0] & 0x7f);
+  time.minute = this->bcd2_to_byte_(buf[1] & 0x7f);
+  time.hour = this->bcd2_to_byte_(buf[2] & 0x3f);
+}
+
+void BM8563::set_time_(const ESPTime &time) {
+  uint8_t buf[3] = {this->byte_to_bcd2_(time.second), this->byte_to_bcd2_(time.minute), this->byte_to_bcd2_(time.hour)};
+  this->write_register_(TIME_FIRST_REG, buf, 3);
+}
+
+void BM8563::get_date_(ESPTime &time) {
+  uint8_t buf[4] = {0};
+  this->read_register(DATE_FIRST_REG, buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+  time.day_of_month = this->bcd2_to_byte_(buf[0] & 0x3f);
+  time.day_of_week = this->bcd2_to_byte_(buf[1] & 0x07);
+  time.month = this->bcd2_to_byte_(buf[2] & 0x1f);
+
+  uint8_t year_byte = this->bcd2_to_byte_(buf[3] & 0xff);
+
+  if (buf[2] & 0x80) {
+    time.year = 1900 + year_byte;
+  } else {
+    time.year = 2000 + year_byte;
+  }
+}
+
+void BM8563::set_date_(const ESPTime &time) {
+  uint8_t buf[4] = {
+      this->byte_to_bcd2_(time.day_of_month),
+      this->byte_to_bcd2_(time.day_of_week),
+      this->byte_to_bcd2_(time.month),
+      this->byte_to_bcd2_(time.year % 100),
+  };
+
+  if (time.year < 2000) {
+    buf[2] = buf[2] | 0x80;
+  }
+
+  this->write_register_(DATE_FIRST_REG, buf, 4);
+}
+
+void BM8563::write_byte_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value) {
+  if (!this->write_byte(reg, value)) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to write byte 0x%02X with value 0x%02X", reg, value);
+  }
+}
+
+void BM8563::write_register_(uint8_t reg, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  if (auto error = this->write_register(reg, data, len); error != i2c::ErrorCode::NO_ERROR) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to write register 0x%02X with %zu bytes", reg, len);
+  }
+}
+
+optional<uint8_t> BM8563::read_register_(uint8_t reg) {
+  uint8_t data;
+  if (auto error = this->read_register(reg, &data, 1); error != i2c::ErrorCode::NO_ERROR) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read register 0x%02X", reg);
+    return {};
+  }
+  return data;
+}
+
+void BM8563::set_timer_irq_(uint32_t duration_s) {
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Timer Duration: %u s", duration_s);
+
+  if (duration_s > MAX_TIMER_DURATION_S) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Timer duration %u s exceeds maximum %u s", duration_s, MAX_TIMER_DURATION_S);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (duration_s > 255) {
+    uint8_t duration_minutes = duration_s / 60;
+    this->write_byte_(TIMER_VALUE_REG, duration_minutes);
+    this->write_byte_(TIMER_CONTROL_REG, CLOCK_1_60_HZ);
+  } else {
+    this->write_byte_(TIMER_VALUE_REG, duration_s);
+    this->write_byte_(TIMER_CONTROL_REG, CLOCK_1_HZ);
+  }
+
+  auto maybe_ctrl_status_2 = this->read_register_(CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG);
+  if (!maybe_ctrl_status_2.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG");
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t ctrl_status_2_reg_value = maybe_ctrl_status_2.value();
+  ctrl_status_2_reg_value |= (1 << 0);
+  ctrl_status_2_reg_value &= ~(1 << 7);
+  this->write_byte_(CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG, ctrl_status_2_reg_value);
+}
+
+void BM8563::clear_irq_() {
+  auto maybe_data = this->read_register_(CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG);
+  if (!maybe_data.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG");
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t data = maybe_data.value();
+  this->write_byte_(CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG, data & 0xf3);
+}
+
+void BM8563::disable_irq_() {
+  this->clear_irq_();
+  auto maybe_data = this->read_register_(CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG);
+  if (!maybe_data.has_value()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Failed to read CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG");
+    return;
+  }
+  uint8_t data = maybe_data.value();
+  this->write_byte_(CONTROL_STATUS_2_REG, data & 0xfc);
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bm8563

esphome/components/bm8563/bm8563.h

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
+#include "esphome/components/time/real_time_clock.h"
+
+namespace esphome::bm8563 {
+
+class BM8563 : public time::RealTimeClock, public i2c::I2CDevice {
+ public:
+  void setup() override;
+  void update() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  void write_time();
+  void read_time();
+  void start_timer(uint32_t duration_s);
+
+ private:
+  void get_time_(ESPTime &time);
+  void get_date_(ESPTime &time);
+
+  void set_time_(const ESPTime &time);
+  void set_date_(const ESPTime &time);
+
+  void set_timer_irq_(uint32_t duration_s);
+  void clear_irq_();
+  void disable_irq_();
+
+  void write_byte_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value);
+  void write_register_(uint8_t reg, const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+  optional<uint8_t> read_register_(uint8_t reg);
+
+  uint8_t bcd2_to_byte_(uint8_t value);
+  uint8_t byte_to_bcd2_(uint8_t value);
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class WriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<BM8563> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->write_time(); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class ReadAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<BM8563> {
+ public:
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->read_time(); }
+};
+
+template<typename... Ts> class TimerAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<BM8563> {
+ public:
+  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint32_t, duration)
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    auto duration = this->duration_.value(x...);
+    this->parent_->start_timer(duration);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::bm8563

esphome/components/bm8563/time.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from esphome import automation
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import i2c, time
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_DURATION, CONF_ID
+
+DEPENDENCIES = ["i2c"]
+
+I2C_ADDR = 0x51
+
+bm8563_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("bm8563")
+BM8563 = bm8563_ns.class_("BM8563", time.RealTimeClock, i2c.I2CDevice)
+WriteAction = bm8563_ns.class_("WriteAction", automation.Action)
+ReadAction = bm8563_ns.class_("ReadAction", automation.Action)
+TimerAction = bm8563_ns.class_("TimerAction", automation.Action)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
+    time.TIME_SCHEMA.extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(BM8563),
+        }
+    )
+    .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    .extend(i2c.i2c_device_schema(I2C_ADDR))
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "bm8563.write_time",
+    WriteAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(BM8563),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def bm8563_write_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "bm8563.start_timer",
+    TimerAction,
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(BM8563),
+            cv.Required(CONF_DURATION): cv.templatable(cv.positive_time_period_seconds),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def bm8563_start_timer_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    template_ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_DURATION], args, cg.uint32)
+    cg.add(var.set_duration(template_))
+    return var
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "bm8563.read_time",
+    ReadAction,
+    automation.maybe_simple_id(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(BM8563),
+        }
+    ),
+)
+async def bm8563_read_time_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg)
+    await cg.register_parented(var, config[CONF_ID])
+    return var
+
+
+async def to_code(config):
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await i2c.register_i2c_device(var, config)
+    await time.register_time(var, config)

esphome/components/bme280_base/bme280_base.cpp

@@ -100,18 +100,18 @@ void BME280Component::setup() {
 
   if (!this->read_byte(BME280_REGISTER_CHIPID, &chip_id)) {
     this->error_code_ = COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
-    this->mark_failed(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
   if (chip_id != 0x60) {
     this->error_code_ = WRONG_CHIP_ID;
-    this->mark_failed(BME280_ERROR_WRONG_CHIP_ID);
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(BME280_ERROR_WRONG_CHIP_ID));
     return;
   }
 
   // Send a soft reset.
   if (!this->write_byte(BME280_REGISTER_RESET, BME280_SOFT_RESET)) {
-    this->mark_failed("Reset failed");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Reset failed"));
     return;
   }
   // Wait until the NVM data has finished loading.
@@ -120,12 +120,12 @@ void BME280Component::setup() {
   do {  // NOLINT
     delay(2);
     if (!this->read_byte(BME280_REGISTER_STATUS, &status)) {
-      this->mark_failed("Error reading status register");
+      this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Error reading status register"));
       return;
     }
   } while ((status & BME280_STATUS_IM_UPDATE) && (--retry));
   if (status & BME280_STATUS_IM_UPDATE) {
-    this->mark_failed("Timeout loading NVM");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Timeout loading NVM"));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -153,26 +153,26 @@ void BME280Component::setup() {
 
   uint8_t humid_control_val = 0;
   if (!this->read_byte(BME280_REGISTER_CONTROLHUMID, &humid_control_val)) {
-    this->mark_failed("Read humidity control");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Read humidity control"));
     return;
   }
   humid_control_val &= ~0b00000111;
   humid_control_val |= this->humidity_oversampling_ & 0b111;
   if (!this->write_byte(BME280_REGISTER_CONTROLHUMID, humid_control_val)) {
-    this->mark_failed("Write humidity control");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Write humidity control"));
     return;
   }
 
   uint8_t config_register = 0;
   if (!this->read_byte(BME280_REGISTER_CONFIG, &config_register)) {
-    this->mark_failed("Read config");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Read config"));
     return;
   }
   config_register &= ~0b11111100;
   config_register |= 0b101 << 5;  // 1000 ms standby time
   config_register |= (this->iir_filter_ & 0b111) << 2;
   if (!this->write_byte(BME280_REGISTER_CONFIG, config_register)) {
-    this->mark_failed("Write config");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Write config"));
     return;
   }
 }

esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/bme68x_bsec2.cpp

@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ void BME68xBSEC2Component::dump_config() {
   if (this->is_failed()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Communication failed (BSEC2 status: %d, BME68X status: %d)", this->bsec_status_,
              this->bme68x_status_);
+    if (this->bsec_status_ == BSEC_I_SU_SUBSCRIBEDOUTPUTGATES) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No sensors, add at least one sensor to the config");
+    }
   }
 
   if (this->algorithm_output_ != ALGORITHM_OUTPUT_IAQ) {

esphome/components/bmp280_base/bmp280_base.cpp

@@ -65,23 +65,23 @@ void BMP280Component::setup() {
   // https://community.st.com/t5/stm32-mcus-products/issue-with-reading-bmp280-chip-id-using-spi/td-p/691855
   if (!this->bmp_read_byte(0xD0, &chip_id)) {
     this->error_code_ = COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
-    this->mark_failed(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
   if (!this->bmp_read_byte(0xD0, &chip_id)) {
     this->error_code_ = COMMUNICATION_FAILED;
-    this->mark_failed(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
     return;
   }
   if (chip_id != 0x58) {
     this->error_code_ = WRONG_CHIP_ID;
-    this->mark_failed(BMP280_ERROR_WRONG_CHIP_ID);
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(BMP280_ERROR_WRONG_CHIP_ID));
     return;
   }
 
   // Send a soft reset.
   if (!this->bmp_write_byte(BMP280_REGISTER_RESET, BMP280_SOFT_RESET)) {
-    this->mark_failed("Reset failed");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Reset failed"));
     return;
   }
   // Wait until the NVM data has finished loading.
@@ -90,12 +90,12 @@ void BMP280Component::setup() {
   do {
     delay(2);
     if (!this->bmp_read_byte(BMP280_REGISTER_STATUS, &status)) {
-      this->mark_failed("Error reading status register");
+      this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Error reading status register"));
       return;
     }
   } while ((status & BMP280_STATUS_IM_UPDATE) && (--retry));
   if (status & BMP280_STATUS_IM_UPDATE) {
-    this->mark_failed("Timeout loading NVM");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Timeout loading NVM"));
     return;
   }
 
@@ -116,14 +116,14 @@ void BMP280Component::setup() {
 
   uint8_t config_register = 0;
   if (!this->bmp_read_byte(BMP280_REGISTER_CONFIG, &config_register)) {
-    this->mark_failed("Read config");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Read config"));
     return;
   }
   config_register &= ~0b11111100;
   config_register |= 0b000 << 5;  // 0.5 ms standby time
   config_register |= (this->iir_filter_ & 0b111) << 2;
   if (!this->bmp_write_byte(BMP280_REGISTER_CONFIG, config_register)) {
-    this->mark_failed("Write config");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Write config"));
     return;
   }
 }

esphome/components/camera/camera.cpp

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Camera *Camera::global_camera = nullptr;
 
 Camera::Camera() {
   if (global_camera != nullptr) {
-    this->status_set_error("Multiple cameras are configured, but only one is supported.");
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Multiple cameras are configured, but only one is supported."));
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }

esphome/components/captive_portal/__init__.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+import logging
+
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import web_server_base
 from esphome.components.web_server_base import CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID
 from esphome.config_helpers import filter_source_files_from_platform
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_AP,
     CONF_ID,
     PLATFORM_BK72XX,
     PLATFORM_ESP32,
@@ -14,6 +17,10 @@ from esphome.const import (
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
 from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def AUTO_LOAD() -> list[str]:
@@ -50,6 +57,37 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 )
 
 
+def _final_validate(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+    wifi_conf = full_config.get("wifi")
+
+    if wifi_conf is None:
+        # This shouldn't happen due to DEPENDENCIES = ["wifi"], but check anyway
+        raise cv.Invalid("Captive portal requires the wifi component to be configured")
+
+    if CONF_AP not in wifi_conf:
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Captive portal is enabled but no WiFi AP is configured. "
+            "The captive portal will not be accessible. "
+            "Add 'ap:' to your WiFi configuration to enable the captive portal."
+        )
+
+    # Register socket needs for DNS server and additional HTTP connections
+    # - 1 UDP socket for DNS server
+    # - 3 additional TCP sockets for captive portal detection probes + configuration requests
+    #   OS captive portal detection makes multiple probe requests that stay in TIME_WAIT.
+    #   Need headroom for actual user configuration requests.
+    #   LRU purging will reclaim idle sockets to prevent exhaustion from repeated attempts.
+    from esphome.components import socket
+
+    socket.consume_sockets(4, "captive_portal")(config)
+
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CAPTIVE_PORTAL)
 async def to_code(config):
     paren = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_WEB_SERVER_BASE_ID])

esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.cpp

@@ -13,14 +13,16 @@ static const char *const TAG = "captive_portal";
 void CaptivePortal::handle_config(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   AsyncResponseStream *stream = request->beginResponseStream(ESPHOME_F("application/json"));
   stream->addHeader(ESPHOME_F("cache-control"), ESPHOME_F("public, max-age=0, must-revalidate"));
+  char mac_s[18];
+  const char *mac_str = get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_s);
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("{\"mac\":\""));
-  stream->print(get_mac_address_pretty().c_str());
+  stream->print(mac_str);
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",\"name\":\""));
   stream->print(App.get_name().c_str());
   stream->print(ESPHOME_F("\",\"aps\":[{}"));
 #else
-  stream->printf(R"({"mac":"%s","name":"%s","aps":[{})", get_mac_address_pretty().c_str(), App.get_name().c_str());
+  stream->printf(R"({"mac":"%s","name":"%s","aps":[{})", mac_str, App.get_name().c_str());
 #endif
 
   for (auto &scan : wifi::global_wifi_component->get_scan_result()) {
@@ -50,8 +52,8 @@ void CaptivePortal::handle_wifisave(AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Requested WiFi Settings Change:");
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  SSID='%s'", ssid.c_str());
   ESP_LOGI(TAG, "  Password=" LOG_SECRET("'%s'"), psk.c_str());
-  wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(ssid, psk);
-  wifi::global_wifi_component->start_scanning();
+  // Defer save to main loop thread to avoid NVS operations from HTTP thread
+  this->defer([ssid, psk]() { wifi::global_wifi_component->save_wifi_sta(ssid, psk); });
   request->redirect(ESPHOME_F("/?save"));
 }
 
@@ -63,6 +65,12 @@ void CaptivePortal::start() {
   this->base_->init();
   if (!this->initialized_) {
     this->base_->add_handler(this);
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+    // Enable LRU socket purging to handle captive portal detection probe bursts
+    // OS captive portal detection makes many simultaneous HTTP requests which can
+    // exhaust sockets. LRU purging automatically closes oldest idle connections.
+    this->base_->get_server()->set_lru_purge_enable(true);
+#endif
   }
 
   network::IPAddress ip = wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_soft_ap_ip();

esphome/components/captive_portal/captive_portal.h

@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ class CaptivePortal : public AsyncWebHandler, public Component {
   void end() {
     this->active_ = false;
     this->disable_loop();  // Stop processing DNS requests
+#ifdef USE_ESP32
+    // Disable LRU socket purging now that captive portal is done
+    this->base_->get_server()->set_lru_purge_enable(false);
+#endif
     this->base_->deinit();
     if (this->dns_server_ != nullptr) {
       this->dns_server_->stop();

esphome/components/climate_ir/__init__.py

@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@ import logging
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import climate, remote_base, sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_SENSOR, CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_HUMIDITY_SENSOR,
+    CONF_SENSOR,
+    CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL,
+    CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT,
+)
 from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObjClass
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -32,6 +37,7 @@ def climate_ir_schema(
                 cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_COOL, default=True): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_HEAT, default=True): cv.boolean,
                 cv.Optional(CONF_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_HUMIDITY_SENSOR): cv.use_id(sensor.Sensor),
             }
         )
         .extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
@@ -61,6 +67,9 @@ async def register_climate_ir(var, config):
     if sensor_id := config.get(CONF_SENSOR):
         sens = await cg.get_variable(sensor_id)
         cg.add(var.set_sensor(sens))
+    if sensor_id := config.get(CONF_HUMIDITY_SENSOR):
+        sens = await cg.get_variable(sensor_id)
+        cg.add(var.set_humidity_sensor(sens))
 
 
 async def new_climate_ir(config, *args):

esphome/components/climate_ir/climate_ir.cpp

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ climate::ClimateTraits ClimateIR::traits() {
   if (this->sensor_ != nullptr) {
     traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE);
   }
-
+  if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    traits.add_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY);
+  }
   traits.set_supported_modes({climate::CLIMATE_MODE_OFF, climate::CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT_COOL});
   if (this->supports_cool_)
     traits.add_supported_mode(climate::CLIMATE_MODE_COOL);
@@ -39,9 +41,16 @@ void ClimateIR::setup() {
       this->publish_state();
     });
     this->current_temperature = this->sensor_->state;
-  } else {
-    this->current_temperature = NAN;
   }
+  if (this->humidity_sensor_ != nullptr) {
+    this->humidity_sensor_->add_on_state_callback([this](float state) {
+      this->current_humidity = state;
+      // current humidity changed, publish state
+      this->publish_state();
+    });
+    this->current_humidity = this->humidity_sensor_->state;
+  }
+
   // restore set points
   auto restore = this->restore_state_();
   if (restore.has_value()) {

esphome/components/climate_ir/climate_ir.h

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ class ClimateIR : public Component,
   void set_supports_cool(bool supports_cool) { this->supports_cool_ = supports_cool; }
   void set_supports_heat(bool supports_heat) { this->supports_heat_ = supports_heat; }
   void set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->sensor_ = sensor; }
+  void set_humidity_sensor(sensor::Sensor *sensor) { this->humidity_sensor_ = sensor; }
 
  protected:
   float minimum_temperature_, maximum_temperature_, temperature_step_;
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ class ClimateIR : public Component,
   climate::ClimatePresetMask presets_{};
 
   sensor::Sensor *sensor_{nullptr};
+  sensor::Sensor *humidity_sensor_{nullptr};
 };
 
 }  // namespace climate_ir

esphome/components/cover/automation.h

@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "cover.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace cover {
+namespace esphome::cover {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class OpenAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
@@ -131,5 +130,4 @@ class CoverClosedTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 };
 
-}  // namespace cover
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::cover

esphome/components/cover/cover.cpp

@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace cover {
+namespace esphome::cover {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "cover";
 
@@ -212,5 +211,4 @@ void CoverRestoreState::apply(Cover *cover) {
   cover->publish_state();
 }
 
-}  // namespace cover
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::cover

esphome/components/cover/cover.h

@@ -7,8 +7,7 @@
 
 #include "cover_traits.h"
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace cover {
+namespace esphome::cover {
 
 const extern float COVER_OPEN;
 const extern float COVER_CLOSED;
@@ -157,5 +156,4 @@ class Cover : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
   ESPPreferenceObject rtc_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace cover
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::cover

esphome/components/cover/cover_traits.h

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-namespace esphome {
-namespace cover {
+namespace esphome::cover {
 
 class CoverTraits {
  public:
@@ -26,5 +25,4 @@ class CoverTraits {
   bool supports_stop_{false};
 };
 
-}  // namespace cover
-}  // namespace esphome
+}  // namespace esphome::cover

esphome/components/cst816/touchscreen/cst816_touchscreen.cpp

@@ -19,13 +19,14 @@ void CST816Touchscreen::continue_setup_() {
       case CST816T_CHIP_ID:
         break;
       default:
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown chip ID: 0x%02X", this->chip_id_);
+        this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Unknown chip ID"));
         this->mark_failed();
-        this->status_set_error(str_sprintf("Unknown chip ID 0x%02X", this->chip_id_).c_str());
         return;
     }
     this->write_byte(REG_IRQ_CTL, IRQ_EN_MOTION);
   } else if (!this->skip_probe_) {
-    this->status_set_error("Failed to read chip id");
+    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Failed to read chip id"));
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }

esphome/components/dashboard_import/dashboard_import.cpp

@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace dashboard_import {
 
-static std::string g_package_import_url;  // NOLINT
+static const char *g_package_import_url = "";  // NOLINT
 
-const std::string &get_package_import_url() { return g_package_import_url; }
-void set_package_import_url(std::string url) { g_package_import_url = std::move(url); }
+const char *get_package_import_url() { return g_package_import_url; }
+void set_package_import_url(const char *url) { g_package_import_url = url; }
 
 }  // namespace dashboard_import
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/dashboard_import/dashboard_import.h

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <string>
-
 namespace esphome {
 namespace dashboard_import {
 
-const std::string &get_package_import_url();
-void set_package_import_url(std::string url);
+const char *get_package_import_url();
+void set_package_import_url(const char *url);
 
 }  // namespace dashboard_import
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/debug/debug_component.cpp

@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ void DebugComponent::dump_config() {
   }
 #endif  // USE_TEXT_SENSOR
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
-  this->log_partition_info_();  // Log partition information for ESP32
-#endif                          // USE_ESP32
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
+  this->log_partition_info_();  // Log partition information
+#endif
 }
 
 void DebugComponent::loop() {

esphome/components/debug/debug_component.h

@@ -62,19 +62,19 @@ class DebugComponent : public PollingComponent {
   sensor::Sensor *cpu_frequency_sensor_{nullptr};
 #endif  // USE_SENSOR
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP32
+#if defined(USE_ESP32) || defined(USE_ZEPHYR)
   /**
    * @brief Logs information about the device's partition table.
    *
-   * This function iterates through the ESP32's partition table and logs details
+   * This function iterates through the partition table and logs details
    * about each partition, including its name, type, subtype, starting address,
    * and size. The information is useful for diagnosing issues related to flash
    * memory or verifying the partition configuration dynamically at runtime.
    *
-   * Only available when compiled for ESP32 platforms.
+   * Only available when compiled for ESP32 and ZEPHYR platforms.
    */
   void log_partition_info_();
-#endif  // USE_ESP32
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   text_sensor::TextSensor *device_info_{nullptr};

esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <zephyr/drivers/hwinfo.h>
 #include <hal/nrf_power.h>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <zephyr/storage/flash_map.h>
 
 #define BOOTLOADER_VERSION_REGISTER NRF_TIMER2->CC[0]
 
@@ -86,6 +87,37 @@ std::string DebugComponent::get_reset_reason_() {
 
 uint32_t DebugComponent::get_free_heap_() { return INT_MAX; }
 
+static void fa_cb(const struct flash_area *fa, void *user_data) {
+#if CONFIG_FLASH_MAP_LABELS
+  const char *fa_label = flash_area_label(fa);
+
+  if (fa_label == nullptr) {
+    fa_label = "-";
+  }
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "%2d   0x%0*" PRIxPTR "   %-26s  %-24.24s  0x%-10x 0x%-12x", (int) fa->fa_id,
+                sizeof(uintptr_t) * 2, (uintptr_t) fa->fa_dev, fa->fa_dev->name, fa_label, (uint32_t) fa->fa_off,
+                fa->fa_size);
+#else
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "%2d   0x%0*" PRIxPTR "   %-26s  0x%-10x 0x%-12x", (int) fa->fa_id, sizeof(uintptr_t) * 2,
+                (uintptr_t) fa->fa_dev, fa->fa_dev->name, (uint32_t) fa->fa_off, fa->fa_size);
+#endif
+}
+
+void DebugComponent::log_partition_info_() {
+#if CONFIG_FLASH_MAP_LABELS
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ID | Device     | Device Name               "
+                     "| Label                   | Offset     | Size");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "--------------------------------------------"
+                     "-----------------------------------------------");
+#else
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "ID | Device     | Device Name               "
+                     "| Offset     | Size");
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "-----------------------------------------"
+                     "------------------------------");
+#endif
+  flash_area_foreach(fa_cb, nullptr);
+}
+
 void DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::string &device_info) {
   std::string supply = "Main supply status: ";
   if (nrf_power_mainregstatus_get(NRF_POWER) == NRF_POWER_MAINREGSTATUS_NORMAL) {

esphome/components/display/display.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace display {
-
 static const char *const TAG = "display";
 
 const Color COLOR_OFF(0, 0, 0, 0);
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ const Color COLOR_ON(255, 255, 255, 255);
 void Display::fill(Color color) { this->filled_rectangle(0, 0, this->get_width(), this->get_height(), color); }
 void Display::clear() { this->fill(COLOR_OFF); }
 void Display::set_rotation(DisplayRotation rotation) { this->rotation_ = rotation; }
+
 void HOT Display::line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, Color color) {
   const int32_t dx = abs(x2 - x1), sx = x1 < x2 ? 1 : -1;
   const int32_t dy = -abs(y2 - y1), sy = y1 < y2 ? 1 : -1;
@@ -91,23 +91,27 @@ void HOT Display::horizontal_line(int x, int y, int width, Color color) {
   for (int i = x; i < x + width; i++)
     this->draw_pixel_at(i, y, color);
 }
+
 void HOT Display::vertical_line(int x, int y, int height, Color color) {
   // Future: Could be made more efficient by manipulating buffer directly in certain rotations.
   for (int i = y; i < y + height; i++)
     this->draw_pixel_at(x, i, color);
 }
+
 void Display::rectangle(int x1, int y1, int width, int height, Color color) {
   this->horizontal_line(x1, y1, width, color);
   this->horizontal_line(x1, y1 + height - 1, width, color);
   this->vertical_line(x1, y1, height, color);
   this->vertical_line(x1 + width - 1, y1, height, color);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_rectangle(int x1, int y1, int width, int height, Color color) {
   // Future: Use vertical_line and horizontal_line methods depending on rotation to reduce memory accesses.
   for (int i = y1; i < y1 + height; i++) {
     this->horizontal_line(x1, i, width, color);
   }
 }
+
 void HOT Display::circle(int center_x, int center_xy, int radius, Color color) {
   int dx = -radius;
   int dy = 0;
@@ -131,6 +135,7 @@ void HOT Display::circle(int center_x, int center_xy, int radius, Color color) {
     }
   } while (dx <= 0);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_circle(int center_x, int center_y, int radius, Color color) {
   int dx = -int32_t(radius);
   int dy = 0;
@@ -157,6 +162,7 @@ void Display::filled_circle(int center_x, int center_y, int radius, Color color)
     }
   } while (dx <= 0);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_ring(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2, Color color) {
   int rmax = radius1 > radius2 ? radius1 : radius2;
   int rmin = radius1 < radius2 ? radius1 : radius2;
@@ -213,6 +219,7 @@ void Display::filled_ring(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
     }
   } while (dxmax <= 0);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2, int progress, Color color) {
   int rmax = radius1 > radius2 ? radius1 : radius2;
   int rmin = radius1 < radius2 ? radius1 : radius2;
@@ -228,7 +235,8 @@ void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
     // outer dots
     this->draw_pixel_at(center_x + dxmax, center_y - dymax, color);
     this->draw_pixel_at(center_x - dxmax, center_y - dymax, color);
-    if (dymin < rmin) {  // side parts
+    if (dymin < rmin) {
+      // side parts
       int lhline_width = -(dxmax - dxmin) + 1;
       if (progress >= 50) {
         if (float(dymax) < float(-dxmax) * tan_a) {
@@ -239,7 +247,8 @@ void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
         this->horizontal_line(center_x + dxmax, center_y - dymax, lhline_width, color);  // left
         if (!dymax)
           this->horizontal_line(center_x - dxmin, center_y, lhline_width, color);  // right horizontal border
-        if (upd_dxmax > -dxmin) {                                                  // right
+        if (upd_dxmax > -dxmin) {
+          // right
           int rhline_width = (upd_dxmax + dxmin) + 1;
           this->horizontal_line(center_x - dxmin, center_y - dymax,
                                 rhline_width > lhline_width ? lhline_width : rhline_width, color);
@@ -256,7 +265,8 @@ void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
         if (lhline_width > 0)
           this->horizontal_line(center_x + dxmax, center_y - dymax, lhline_width, color);
       }
-    } else {  // top part
+    } else {
+      // top part
       int hline_width = 2 * (-dxmax) + 1;
       if (progress >= 50) {
         if (dymax < float(-dxmax) * tan_a) {
@@ -300,11 +310,13 @@ void Display::filled_gauge(int center_x, int center_y, int radius1, int radius2,
     }
   } while (dxmax <= 0);
 }
+
 void HOT Display::triangle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, Color color) {
   this->line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
   this->line(x1, y1, x3, y3, color);
   this->line(x2, y2, x3, y3, color);
 }
+
 void Display::sort_triangle_points_by_y_(int *x1, int *y1, int *x2, int *y2, int *x3, int *y3) {
   if (*y1 > *y2) {
     int x_temp = *x1, y_temp = *y1;
@@ -322,6 +334,7 @@ void Display::sort_triangle_points_by_y_(int *x1, int *y1, int *x2, int *y2, int
     *x3 = x_temp, *y3 = y_temp;
   }
 }
+
 void Display::filled_flat_side_triangle_(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, Color color) {
   // y2 must be equal to y3 (same horizontal line)
 
@@ -333,7 +346,8 @@ void Display::filled_flat_side_triangle_(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3,
   int s1_dy = abs(y2 - y1);
   int s1_sign_x = ((x2 - x1) >= 0) ? 1 : -1;
   int s1_sign_y = ((y2 - y1) >= 0) ? 1 : -1;
-  if (s1_dy > s1_dx) {  // swap values
+  if (s1_dy > s1_dx) {
+    // swap values
     int tmp = s1_dx;
     s1_dx = s1_dy;
     s1_dy = tmp;
@@ -349,7 +363,8 @@ void Display::filled_flat_side_triangle_(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3,
   int s2_dy = abs(y3 - y1);
   int s2_sign_x = ((x3 - x1) >= 0) ? 1 : -1;
   int s2_sign_y = ((y3 - y1) >= 0) ? 1 : -1;
-  if (s2_dy > s2_dx) {  // swap values
+  if (s2_dy > s2_dx) {
+    // swap values
     int tmp = s2_dx;
     s2_dx = s2_dy;
     s2_dy = tmp;
@@ -402,20 +417,25 @@ void Display::filled_flat_side_triangle_(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3,
     }
   }
 }
+
 void Display::filled_triangle(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int x3, int y3, Color color) {
   // Sort the three points by y-coordinate ascending, so [x1,y1] is the topmost point
   this->sort_triangle_points_by_y_(&x1, &y1, &x2, &y2, &x3, &y3);
 
-  if (y2 == y3) {  // Check for special case of a bottom-flat triangle
+  if (y2 == y3) {
+    // Check for special case of a bottom-flat triangle
     this->filled_flat_side_triangle_(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, color);
-  } else if (y1 == y2) {  // Check for special case of a top-flat triangle
+  } else if (y1 == y2) {
+    // Check for special case of a top-flat triangle
     this->filled_flat_side_triangle_(x3, y3, x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
-  } else {  // General case: split the no-flat-side triangle in a top-flat triangle and bottom-flat triangle
+  } else {
+    // General case: split the no-flat-side triangle in a top-flat triangle and bottom-flat triangle
     int x_temp = (int) (x1 + ((float) (y2 - y1) / (float) (y3 - y1)) * (x3 - x1)), y_temp = y2;
     this->filled_flat_side_triangle_(x1, y1, x2, y2, x_temp, y_temp, color);
     this->filled_flat_side_triangle_(x3, y3, x2, y2, x_temp, y_temp, color);
   }
 }
+
 void HOT Display::get_regular_polygon_vertex(int vertex_id, int *vertex_x, int *vertex_y, int center_x, int center_y,
                                              int radius, int edges, RegularPolygonVariation variation,
                                              float rotation_degrees) {
@@ -447,7 +467,8 @@ void HOT Display::regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPo
       int current_vertex_x, current_vertex_y;
       get_regular_polygon_vertex(current_vertex_id, &current_vertex_x, &current_vertex_y, x, y, radius, edges,
                                  variation, rotation_degrees);
-      if (current_vertex_id > 0) {  // Start drawing after the 2nd vertex coordinates has been calculated
+      if (current_vertex_id > 0) {
+        // Start drawing after the 2nd vertex coordinates has been calculated
         if (drawing == DRAWING_FILLED) {
           this->filled_triangle(x, y, previous_vertex_x, previous_vertex_y, current_vertex_x, current_vertex_y, color);
         } else if (drawing == DRAWING_OUTLINE) {
@@ -459,21 +480,26 @@ void HOT Display::regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPo
     }
   }
 }
+
 void HOT Display::regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPolygonVariation variation, Color color,
                                   RegularPolygonDrawing drawing) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, variation, ROTATION_0_DEGREES, color, drawing);
 }
+
 void HOT Display::regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, Color color, RegularPolygonDrawing drawing) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, VARIATION_POINTY_TOP, ROTATION_0_DEGREES, color, drawing);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPolygonVariation variation,
                                      float rotation_degrees, Color color) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, variation, rotation_degrees, color, DRAWING_FILLED);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, RegularPolygonVariation variation,
                                      Color color) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, variation, ROTATION_0_DEGREES, color, DRAWING_FILLED);
 }
+
 void Display::filled_regular_polygon(int x, int y, int radius, int edges, Color color) {
   regular_polygon(x, y, radius, edges, VARIATION_POINTY_TOP, ROTATION_0_DEGREES, color, DRAWING_FILLED);
 }
@@ -584,15 +610,19 @@ void Display::get_text_bounds(int x, int y, const char *text, BaseFont *font, Te
       break;
   }
 }
+
 void Display::print(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, const char *text, Color background) {
   this->print(x, y, font, color, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, text, background);
 }
+
 void Display::print(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, TextAlign align, const char *text) {
   this->print(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, align, text);
 }
+
 void Display::print(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, const char *text) {
   this->print(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, text);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, Color background, TextAlign align, const char *format,
                      ...) {
   va_list arg;
@@ -600,31 +630,37 @@ void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, Color background
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, color, background, align, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, TextAlign align, const char *format, ...) {
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, color, COLOR_OFF, align, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, const char *format, ...) {
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, color, COLOR_OFF, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, TextAlign align, const char *format, ...) {
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, COLOR_OFF, align, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::printf(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, const char *format, ...) {
   va_list arg;
   va_start(arg, format);
   this->vprintf_(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, COLOR_OFF, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, format, arg);
   va_end(arg);
 }
+
 void Display::set_writer(display_writer_t &&writer) { this->writer_ = writer; }
+
 void Display::set_pages(std::vector<DisplayPage *> pages) {
   for (auto *page : pages)
     page->set_parent(this);
@@ -637,6 +673,7 @@ void Display::set_pages(std::vector<DisplayPage *> pages) {
   pages[pages.size() - 1]->set_next(pages[0]);
   this->show_page(pages[0]);
 }
+
 void Display::show_page(DisplayPage *page) {
   this->previous_page_ = this->page_;
   this->page_ = page;
@@ -645,8 +682,10 @@ void Display::show_page(DisplayPage *page) {
       t->process(this->previous_page_, this->page_);
   }
 }
+
 void Display::show_next_page() { this->page_->show_next(); }
 void Display::show_prev_page() { this->page_->show_prev(); }
+
 void Display::do_update_() {
   if (this->auto_clear_enabled_) {
     this->clear();
@@ -660,10 +699,12 @@ void Display::do_update_() {
   }
   this->clear_clipping_();
 }
+
 void DisplayOnPageChangeTrigger::process(DisplayPage *from, DisplayPage *to) {
   if ((this->from_ == nullptr || this->from_ == from) && (this->to_ == nullptr || this->to_ == to))
     this->trigger(from, to);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, Color background, TextAlign align, const char *format,
                        ESPTime time) {
   char buffer[64];
@@ -671,15 +712,19 @@ void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, Color backgrou
   if (ret > 0)
     this->print(x, y, font, color, align, buffer, background);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, TextAlign align, const char *format, ESPTime time) {
   this->strftime(x, y, font, color, COLOR_OFF, align, format, time);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, Color color, const char *format, ESPTime time) {
   this->strftime(x, y, font, color, COLOR_OFF, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, format, time);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, TextAlign align, const char *format, ESPTime time) {
   this->strftime(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, COLOR_OFF, align, format, time);
 }
+
 void Display::strftime(int x, int y, BaseFont *font, const char *format, ESPTime time) {
   this->strftime(x, y, font, COLOR_ON, COLOR_OFF, TextAlign::TOP_LEFT, format, time);
 }
@@ -691,6 +736,7 @@ void Display::start_clipping(Rect rect) {
   }
   this->clipping_rectangle_.push_back(rect);
 }
+
 void Display::end_clipping() {
   if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "clear: Clipping is not set.");
@@ -698,6 +744,7 @@ void Display::end_clipping() {
     this->clipping_rectangle_.pop_back();
   }
 }
+
 void Display::extend_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
   if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "add: Clipping is not set.");
@@ -705,6 +752,7 @@ void Display::extend_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
     this->clipping_rectangle_.back().extend(add_rect);
   }
 }
+
 void Display::shrink_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
   if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "add: Clipping is not set.");
@@ -712,6 +760,7 @@ void Display::shrink_clipping(Rect add_rect) {
     this->clipping_rectangle_.back().shrink(add_rect);
   }
 }
+
 Rect Display::get_clipping() const {
   if (this->clipping_rectangle_.empty()) {
     return Rect();
@@ -719,7 +768,9 @@ Rect Display::get_clipping() const {
     return this->clipping_rectangle_.back();
   }
 }
+
 void Display::clear_clipping_() { this->clipping_rectangle_.clear(); }
+
 bool Display::clip(int x, int y) {
   if (x < 0 || x >= this->get_width() || y < 0 || y >= this->get_height())
     return false;
@@ -727,6 +778,7 @@ bool Display::clip(int x, int y) {
     return false;
   return true;
 }
+
 bool Display::clamp_x_(int x, int w, int &min_x, int &max_x) {
   min_x = std::max(x, 0);
   max_x = std::min(x + w, this->get_width());
@@ -742,6 +794,7 @@ bool Display::clamp_x_(int x, int w, int &min_x, int &max_x) {
 
   return min_x < max_x;
 }
+
 bool Display::clamp_y_(int y, int h, int &min_y, int &max_y) {
   min_y = std::max(y, 0);
   max_y = std::min(y + h, this->get_height());
@@ -766,15 +819,15 @@ void Display::test_card() {
   int w = get_width(), h = get_height(), image_w, image_h;
   this->clear();
   this->show_test_card_ = false;
+  image_w = std::min(w - 20, 310);
+  image_h = std::min(h - 20, 255);
+  int shift_x = (w - image_w) / 2;
+  int shift_y = (h - image_h) / 2;
+  int line_w = (image_w - 6) / 6;
+  int image_c = image_w / 2;
   if (this->get_display_type() == DISPLAY_TYPE_COLOR) {
     Color r(255, 0, 0), g(0, 255, 0), b(0, 0, 255);
-    image_w = std::min(w - 20, 310);
-    image_h = std::min(h - 20, 255);
 
-    int shift_x = (w - image_w) / 2;
-    int shift_y = (h - image_h) / 2;
-    int line_w = (image_w - 6) / 6;
-    int image_c = image_w / 2;
     for (auto i = 0; i != image_h; i++) {
       int c = esp_scale(i, image_h);
       this->horizontal_line(shift_x + 0, shift_y + i, line_w, r.fade_to_white(c));
@@ -786,26 +839,26 @@ void Display::test_card() {
       this->horizontal_line(shift_x + image_w - (line_w * 2), shift_y + i, line_w, b.fade_to_white(c));
       this->horizontal_line(shift_x + image_w - line_w, shift_y + i, line_w, b.fade_to_black(c));
     }
-    this->rectangle(shift_x, shift_y, image_w, image_h, Color(127, 127, 0));
+  }
+  this->rectangle(shift_x, shift_y, image_w, image_h, Color(127, 127, 0));
 
-    uint16_t shift_r = shift_x + line_w - (8 * 3);
-    uint16_t shift_g = shift_x + image_c - (8 * 3);
-    uint16_t shift_b = shift_x + image_w - line_w - (8 * 3);
-    shift_y = h / 2 - (8 * 3);
-    for (auto i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-      uint8_t ftr = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[0][i]);
-      uint8_t ftg = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[1][i]);
-      uint8_t ftb = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[2][i]);
-      for (auto k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
-        if ((ftr & (1 << k)) != 0) {
-          this->filled_rectangle(shift_r + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
-        }
-        if ((ftg & (1 << k)) != 0) {
-          this->filled_rectangle(shift_g + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
-        }
-        if ((ftb & (1 << k)) != 0) {
-          this->filled_rectangle(shift_b + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
-        }
+  uint16_t shift_r = shift_x + line_w - (8 * 3);
+  uint16_t shift_g = shift_x + image_c - (8 * 3);
+  uint16_t shift_b = shift_x + image_w - line_w - (8 * 3);
+  shift_y = h / 2 - (8 * 3);
+  for (auto i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+    uint8_t ftr = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[0][i]);
+    uint8_t ftg = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[1][i]);
+    uint8_t ftb = progmem_read_byte(&TESTCARD_FONT[2][i]);
+    for (auto k = 0; k < 8; k++) {
+      if ((ftr & (1 << k)) != 0) {
+        this->filled_rectangle(shift_r + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
+      }
+      if ((ftg & (1 << k)) != 0) {
+        this->filled_rectangle(shift_g + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
+      }
+      if ((ftb & (1 << k)) != 0) {
+        this->filled_rectangle(shift_b + (i * 6), shift_y + (k * 6), 6, 6, COLOR_OFF);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -818,7 +871,9 @@ void Display::test_card() {
 }
 
 DisplayPage::DisplayPage(display_writer_t writer) : writer_(std::move(writer)) {}
+
 void DisplayPage::show() { this->parent_->show_page(this); }
+
 void DisplayPage::show_next() {
   if (this->next_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "no next page");
@@ -826,6 +881,7 @@ void DisplayPage::show_next() {
   }
   this->next_->show();
 }
+
 void DisplayPage::show_prev() {
   if (this->prev_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "no previous page");
@@ -833,6 +889,7 @@ void DisplayPage::show_prev() {
   }
   this->prev_->show();
 }
+
 void DisplayPage::set_parent(Display *parent) { this->parent_ = parent; }
 void DisplayPage::set_prev(DisplayPage *prev) { this->prev_ = prev; }
 void DisplayPage::set_next(DisplayPage *next) { this->next_ = next; }
@@ -868,6 +925,5 @@ const LogString *text_align_to_string(TextAlign textalign) {
       return LOG_STR("UNKNOWN");
   }
 }
-
 }  // namespace display
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/epaper_spi/display.py

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ import pkgutil
 from esphome import core, pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import display, spi
+from esphome.components.display import CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD, validate_rotation
 from esphome.components.mipi import flatten_sequence, map_sequence
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.config_validation import update_interval
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BUSY_PIN,
     CONF_CS_PIN,
@@ -13,15 +15,25 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DC_PIN,
     CONF_DIMENSIONS,
     CONF_ENABLE_PIN,
+    CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY,
     CONF_HEIGHT,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE,
     CONF_LAMBDA,
+    CONF_MIRROR_X,
+    CONF_MIRROR_Y,
     CONF_MODEL,
+    CONF_PAGES,
     CONF_RESET_DURATION,
     CONF_RESET_PIN,
+    CONF_ROTATION,
+    CONF_SWAP_XY,
+    CONF_TRANSFORM,
+    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
     CONF_WIDTH,
 )
+from esphome.cpp_generator import RawExpression
+from esphome.final_validate import full_config
 
 from . import models
 
@@ -32,8 +44,9 @@ CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE_ID = "init_sequence_id"
 
 epaper_spi_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("epaper_spi")
 EPaperBase = epaper_spi_ns.class_(
-    "EPaperBase", cg.PollingComponent, spi.SPIDevice, display.DisplayBuffer
+    "EPaperBase", cg.PollingComponent, spi.SPIDevice, display.Display
 )
+Transform = epaper_spi_ns.enum("Transform")
 
 EPaperSpectraE6 = epaper_spi_ns.class_("EPaperSpectraE6", EPaperBase)
 EPaper7p3InSpectraE6 = epaper_spi_ns.class_("EPaper7p3InSpectraE6", EPaperSpectraE6)
@@ -52,6 +65,8 @@ DIMENSION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     }
 )
 
+TRANSFORM_OPTIONS = {CONF_MIRROR_X, CONF_MIRROR_Y, CONF_SWAP_XY}
+
 
 def model_schema(config):
     model = MODELS[config[CONF_MODEL]]
@@ -73,7 +88,18 @@ def model_schema(config):
         )
         .extend(
             {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ROTATION, default=0): validate_rotation,
                 cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(model.name, upper=True),
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL, default=cv.UNDEFINED
+                ): update_interval,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_TRANSFORM): cv.Schema(
+                    {
+                        cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_X): cv.boolean,
+                        cv.Required(CONF_MIRROR_Y): cv.boolean,
+                    }
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY, default=1): cv.int_range(1, 255),
                 model.option(CONF_DC_PIN, fallback=None): pins.gpio_output_pin_schema,
                 cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_name),
                 cv.GenerateID(CONF_INIT_SEQUENCE_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.uint8),
@@ -102,7 +128,7 @@ def customise_schema(config):
     """
     config = cv.Schema(
         {
-            cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True),
+            cv.Required(CONF_MODEL): cv.one_of(*MODELS, upper=True, space="-"),
         },
         extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
     )(config)
@@ -111,9 +137,29 @@ def customise_schema(config):
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = customise_schema
 
-FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = spi.final_validate_device_schema(
-    "epaper_spi", require_miso=False, require_mosi=True
-)
+
+def _final_validate(config):
+    spi.final_validate_device_schema(
+        "epaper_spi", require_miso=False, require_mosi=True
+    )(config)
+
+    global_config = full_config.get()
+    from esphome.components.lvgl import DOMAIN as LVGL_DOMAIN
+
+    if CONF_LAMBDA not in config and CONF_PAGES not in config:
+        if LVGL_DOMAIN in global_config:
+            if CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL not in config:
+                config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] = update_interval("never")
+        else:
+            # If no drawing methods are configured, and LVGL is not enabled, show a test card
+            config[CONF_SHOW_TEST_CARD] = True
+            config[CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL] = core.TimePeriod(
+                seconds=60
+            ).total_milliseconds
+    return config
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
 
 
 async def to_code(config):
@@ -137,7 +183,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
         init_sequence_length,
     )
 
-    await display.register_display(var, config)
+    # Rotation is handled by setting the transform
+    display_config = {k: v for k, v in config.items() if k != CONF_ROTATION}
+    await display.register_display(var, display_config)
     await spi.register_spi_device(var, config)
 
     dc = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_DC_PIN])
@@ -148,11 +196,35 @@ async def to_code(config):
             config[CONF_LAMBDA], [(display.DisplayRef, "it")], return_type=cg.void
         )
         cg.add(var.set_writer(lambda_))
-    if CONF_RESET_PIN in config:
-        reset = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_RESET_PIN])
+    if reset_pin := config.get(CONF_RESET_PIN):
+        reset = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(reset_pin)
         cg.add(var.set_reset_pin(reset))
-    if CONF_BUSY_PIN in config:
-        busy = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(config[CONF_BUSY_PIN])
+    if busy_pin := config.get(CONF_BUSY_PIN):
+        busy = await cg.gpio_pin_expression(busy_pin)
         cg.add(var.set_busy_pin(busy))
+    cg.add(var.set_full_update_every(config[CONF_FULL_UPDATE_EVERY]))
     if CONF_RESET_DURATION in config:
         cg.add(var.set_reset_duration(config[CONF_RESET_DURATION]))
+    if transform := config.get(CONF_TRANSFORM):
+        transform[CONF_SWAP_XY] = False
+    else:
+        transform = {x: model.get_default(x, False) for x in TRANSFORM_OPTIONS}
+    rotation = config[CONF_ROTATION]
+    if rotation == 180:
+        transform[CONF_MIRROR_X] = not transform[CONF_MIRROR_X]
+        transform[CONF_MIRROR_Y] = not transform[CONF_MIRROR_Y]
+    elif rotation == 90:
+        transform[CONF_SWAP_XY] = not transform[CONF_SWAP_XY]
+        transform[CONF_MIRROR_X] = not transform[CONF_MIRROR_X]
+    elif rotation == 270:
+        transform[CONF_SWAP_XY] = not transform[CONF_SWAP_XY]
+        transform[CONF_MIRROR_Y] = not transform[CONF_MIRROR_Y]
+    transform_str = "|".join(
+        {
+            str(getattr(Transform, x.upper()))
+            for x in TRANSFORM_OPTIONS
+            if transform.get(x)
+        }
+    )
+    if transform_str:
+        cg.add(var.set_transform(RawExpression(transform_str)))

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.cpp

@@ -9,9 +9,8 @@ namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 static const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi";
 
 static constexpr const char *const EPAPER_STATE_STRINGS[] = {
-    "IDLE",        "UPDATE",     "RESET",         "RESET_END",
-
-    "SHOULD_WAIT", "INITIALISE", "TRANSFER_DATA", "POWER_ON",  "REFRESH_SCREEN", "POWER_OFF", "DEEP_SLEEP",
+    "IDLE",          "UPDATE",   "RESET",          "RESET_END", "SHOULD_WAIT", "INITIALISE",
+    "TRANSFER_DATA", "POWER_ON", "REFRESH_SCREEN", "POWER_OFF", "DEEP_SLEEP",
 };
 
 const char *EPaperBase::epaper_state_to_string_() {
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ const char *EPaperBase::epaper_state_to_string_() {
 
 void EPaperBase::setup() {
   if (!this->init_buffer_(this->buffer_length_)) {
-    this->mark_failed("Failed to initialise buffer");
+    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Failed to initialise buffer"));
     return;
   }
   this->setup_pins_();
@@ -69,8 +68,8 @@ void EPaperBase::data(uint8_t value) {
 // The command is the first byte, length is the length of data only in the second byte, followed by the data.
 // [COMMAND, LENGTH, DATA...]
 void EPaperBase::cmd_data(uint8_t command, const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) {
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "Command: 0x%02X, Length: %d, Data: %s", command, length,
-            format_hex_pretty(ptr, length, '.', false).c_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command: 0x%02X, Length: %d, Data: %s", command, length,
+           format_hex_pretty(ptr, length, '.', false).c_str());
 
   this->dc_pin_->digital_write(false);
   this->enable();
@@ -89,7 +88,7 @@ bool EPaperBase::is_idle_() const {
   return !this->busy_pin_->digital_read();
 }
 
-bool EPaperBase::reset_() const {
+bool EPaperBase::reset() {
   if (this->reset_pin_ != nullptr) {
     if (this->state_ == EPaperState::RESET) {
       this->reset_pin_->digital_write(false);
@@ -105,16 +104,16 @@ void EPaperBase::update() {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Display already in state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
     return;
   }
-  this->set_state_(EPaperState::RESET);
+  this->set_state_(EPaperState::UPDATE);
   this->enable_loop();
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
+  this->update_start_time_ = millis();
+#endif
 }
 
 void EPaperBase::wait_for_idle_(bool should_wait) {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-  if (should_wait) {
-    this->waiting_for_idle_start_ = millis();
-    this->waiting_for_idle_last_print_ = this->waiting_for_idle_start_;
-  }
+  this->waiting_for_idle_start_ = millis();
 #endif
   this->waiting_for_idle_ = should_wait;
 }
@@ -138,7 +137,9 @@ void EPaperBase::loop() {
   if (this->waiting_for_idle_) {
     if (this->is_idle_()) {
       this->waiting_for_idle_ = false;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Screen now idle after %u ms", (unsigned) (millis() - this->waiting_for_idle_start_));
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Screen was busy for %u ms", (unsigned) (millis() - this->waiting_for_idle_start_));
+#endif
     } else {
 #if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
       if (now - this->waiting_for_idle_last_print_ >= 1000) {
@@ -164,23 +165,27 @@ void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Process state entered in state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
   switch (this->state_) {
     default:
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Display is in unhandled state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
-      this->disable_loop();
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Display is in unhandled state %s", epaper_state_to_string_());
+      this->set_state_(EPaperState::IDLE);
       break;
     case EPaperState::IDLE:
       this->disable_loop();
       break;
     case EPaperState::RESET:
     case EPaperState::RESET_END:
-      if (this->reset_()) {
-        this->set_state_(EPaperState::UPDATE);
+      if (this->reset()) {
+        this->set_state_(EPaperState::INITIALISE);
       } else {
-        this->set_state_(EPaperState::RESET_END);
+        this->set_state_(EPaperState::RESET_END, this->reset_duration_);
       }
       break;
     case EPaperState::UPDATE:
       this->do_update_();  // Calls ESPHome (current page) lambda
-      this->set_state_(EPaperState::INITIALISE);
+      if (this->x_high_ < this->x_low_ || this->y_high_ < this->y_low_) {
+        this->set_state_(EPaperState::IDLE);
+        return;
+      }
+      this->set_state_(EPaperState::RESET);
       break;
     case EPaperState::INITIALISE:
       this->initialise_();
@@ -190,6 +195,10 @@ void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
       if (!this->transfer_data()) {
         return;  // Not done yet, come back next loop
       }
+      this->x_low_ = this->width_;
+      this->x_high_ = 0;
+      this->y_low_ = this->height_;
+      this->y_high_ = 0;
       this->set_state_(EPaperState::POWER_ON);
       break;
     case EPaperState::POWER_ON:
@@ -197,7 +206,8 @@ void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
       this->set_state_(EPaperState::REFRESH_SCREEN);
       break;
     case EPaperState::REFRESH_SCREEN:
-      this->refresh_screen();
+      this->refresh_screen(this->update_count_ != 0);
+      this->update_count_ = (this->update_count_ + 1) % this->full_update_every_;
       this->set_state_(EPaperState::POWER_OFF);
       break;
     case EPaperState::POWER_OFF:
@@ -207,6 +217,7 @@ void EPaperBase::process_state_() {
     case EPaperState::DEEP_SLEEP:
       this->deep_sleep();
       this->set_state_(EPaperState::IDLE);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Display update took %" PRIu32 " ms", millis() - this->update_start_time_);
       break;
   }
 }
@@ -222,6 +233,9 @@ void EPaperBase::set_state_(EPaperState state, uint16_t delay) {
   }
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Enter state %s, delay %u, wait_for_idle=%s", this->epaper_state_to_string_(), delay,
            TRUEFALSE(this->waiting_for_idle_));
+  if (state == EPaperState::IDLE) {
+    this->disable_loop();
+  }
 }
 
 void EPaperBase::start_command_() {
@@ -246,7 +260,7 @@ void EPaperBase::initialise_() {
   auto length = this->init_sequence_length_;
   while (index != length) {
     if (length - index < 2) {
-      this->mark_failed("Malformed init sequence");
+      this->mark_failed(LOG_STR("Malformed init sequence"));
       return;
     }
     const uint8_t cmd = sequence[index++];
@@ -260,20 +274,73 @@ void EPaperBase::initialise_() {
         this->mark_failed();
         return;
       }
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Command %02X, length %d", cmd, num_args);
       this->cmd_data(cmd, sequence + index, num_args);
       index += num_args;
     }
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Check and rotate coordinates based on the transform flags.
+ * @param x
+ * @param y
+ * @return false if the coordinates are out of bounds
+ */
+bool EPaperBase::rotate_coordinates_(int &x, int &y) const {
+  if (!this->get_clipping().inside(x, y))
+    return false;
+  if (this->transform_ & SWAP_XY)
+    std::swap(x, y);
+  if (this->transform_ & MIRROR_X)
+    x = this->width_ - x - 1;
+  if (this->transform_ & MIRROR_Y)
+    y = this->height_ - y - 1;
+  if (x >= this->width_ || y >= this->height_ || x < 0 || y < 0)
+    return false;
+  return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ *  Default implementation for monochrome displays where 8 pixels are packed to a byte.
+ * @param x
+ * @param y
+ * @param color
+ */
+void HOT EPaperBase::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
+  if (!rotate_coordinates_(x, y))
+    return;
+  const size_t pixel_position = y * this->width_ + x;
+  const size_t byte_position = pixel_position / 8;
+  const uint8_t bit_position = pixel_position % 8;
+  const uint8_t pixel_bit = 0x80 >> bit_position;
+  const auto original = this->buffer_[byte_position];
+  if ((color_to_bit(color) == 0)) {
+    this->buffer_[byte_position] = original & ~pixel_bit;
+  } else {
+    this->buffer_[byte_position] = original | pixel_bit;
+  }
+  this->x_low_ = clamp_at_most(this->x_low_, x);
+  this->x_high_ = clamp_at_least(this->x_high_, x + 1);
+  this->y_low_ = clamp_at_most(this->y_low_, y);
+  this->y_high_ = clamp_at_least(this->y_high_, y + 1);
+}
+
 void EPaperBase::dump_config() {
   LOG_DISPLAY("", "E-Paper SPI", this);
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Model: %s", this->name_);
   LOG_PIN("  Reset Pin: ", this->reset_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  DC Pin: ", this->dc_pin_);
   LOG_PIN("  Busy Pin: ", this->busy_pin_);
+  LOG_PIN("  CS Pin: ", this->cs_);
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "  SPI Data Rate: %uMHz\n"
+                "  Full update every: %d\n"
+                "  Swap X/Y: %s\n"
+                "  Mirror X: %s\n"
+                "  Mirror Y: %s",
+                (unsigned) (this->data_rate_ / 1000000), this->full_update_every_, YESNO(this->transform_ & SWAP_XY),
+                YESNO(this->transform_ & MIRROR_X), YESNO(this->transform_ & MIRROR_Y));
 }
 
 }  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi.h

@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 #include "esphome/components/split_buffer/split_buffer.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 
-#include <queue>
-
 namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 using namespace display;
 
@@ -25,10 +23,16 @@ enum class EPaperState : uint8_t {
   DEEP_SLEEP,      // deep sleep the display
 };
 
-static constexpr uint8_t MAX_TRANSFER_TIME = 10;  // Transfer in 10ms blocks to allow the loop to run
+static constexpr uint8_t NONE = 0;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIRROR_X = 1;
+static constexpr uint8_t MIRROR_Y = 2;
+static constexpr uint8_t SWAP_XY = 4;
+
+static constexpr uint32_t MAX_TRANSFER_TIME = 10;  // Transfer in 10ms blocks to allow the loop to run
+static constexpr size_t MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE = 128;
 static constexpr uint8_t DELAY_FLAG = 0xFF;
 
-class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
+class EPaperBase : public Display,
                    public spi::SPIDevice<spi::BIT_ORDER_MSB_FIRST, spi::CLOCK_POLARITY_LOW, spi::CLOCK_PHASE_LEADING,
                                          spi::DATA_RATE_2MHZ> {
  public:
@@ -45,6 +49,8 @@ class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
   void set_reset_pin(GPIOPin *reset) { this->reset_pin_ = reset; }
   void set_busy_pin(GPIOPin *busy) { this->busy_pin_ = busy; }
   void set_reset_duration(uint32_t reset_duration) { this->reset_duration_ = reset_duration; }
+  void set_transform(uint8_t transform) { this->transform_ = transform; }
+  void set_full_update_every(uint8_t full_update_every) { this->full_update_every_ = full_update_every; }
   void dump_config() override;
 
   void command(uint8_t value);
@@ -60,20 +66,47 @@ class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
 
   DisplayType get_display_type() override { return this->display_type_; };
 
+  // Default implementations for monochrome displays
+  static uint8_t color_to_bit(Color color) {
+    // It's always a shade of gray. Map to BLACK or WHITE.
+    // We split the luminance at a suitable point
+    if ((static_cast<int>(color.r) + color.g + color.b) > 512) {
+      return 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+  void fill(Color color) override {
+    auto pixel_color = color_to_bit(color) ? 0xFF : 0x00;
+
+    // We store 8 pixels per byte
+    this->buffer_.fill(pixel_color);
+    this->x_high_ = this->width_;
+    this->y_high_ = this->height_;
+    this->x_low_ = 0;
+    this->y_low_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  void clear() override {
+    // clear buffer to white, just like real paper.
+    this->fill(COLOR_ON);
+  }
+
  protected:
   int get_height_internal() override { return this->height_; };
   int get_width_internal() override { return this->width_; };
+  int get_width() override { return this->transform_ & SWAP_XY ? this->height_ : this->width_; }
+  int get_height() override { return this->transform_ & SWAP_XY ? this->width_ : this->height_; }
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
   void process_state_();
 
   const char *epaper_state_to_string_();
   bool is_idle_() const;
   void setup_pins_() const;
-  bool reset_() const;
+  virtual bool reset();
   void initialise_();
   void wait_for_idle_(bool should_wait);
   bool init_buffer_(size_t buffer_length);
-
-  virtual int get_width_controller() { return this->get_width_internal(); };
+  bool rotate_coordinates_(int &x, int &y) const;
 
   /**
    * Methods that must be implemented by concrete classes to control the display
@@ -86,7 +119,7 @@ class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
   /**
    * Refresh the screen after data transfer
    */
-  virtual void refresh_screen() = 0;
+  virtual void refresh_screen(bool partial) = 0;
 
   /**
    * Power the display on
@@ -118,24 +151,31 @@ class EPaperBase : public DisplayBuffer,
   DisplayType display_type_;
 
   size_t buffer_length_{};
-  size_t current_data_index_{0};  // used by data transfer to track progress
-  uint32_t reset_duration_{200};
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-  uint32_t transfer_start_time_{};
-  uint32_t waiting_for_idle_last_print_{0};
-  uint32_t waiting_for_idle_start_{0};
-#endif
-
+  size_t current_data_index_{};  // used by data transfer to track progress
+  split_buffer::SplitBuffer buffer_{};
   GPIOPin *dc_pin_{};
   GPIOPin *busy_pin_{};
   GPIOPin *reset_pin_{};
+  bool waiting_for_idle_{};
+  uint32_t delay_until_{};
+  uint8_t transform_{};
+  uint8_t update_count_{};
+  // these values represent the bounds of the updated buffer. Note that x_high and y_high
+  // point to the pixel past the last one updated, i.e. may range up to width/height.
+  uint16_t x_low_{}, y_low_{}, x_high_{}, y_high_{};
 
-  bool waiting_for_idle_{false};
-  uint32_t delay_until_{0};
-
-  split_buffer::SplitBuffer buffer_;
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
+  uint32_t waiting_for_idle_last_print_{};
+  uint32_t waiting_for_idle_start_{};
+#endif
+#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
+  uint32_t update_start_time_{};
+#endif
 
+  // properties with specific initialisers go last
   EPaperState state_{EPaperState::IDLE};
+  uint32_t reset_duration_{10};
+  uint8_t full_update_every_{1};
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 
 namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
 static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.6c";
-static constexpr size_t MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE = 128;
 static constexpr unsigned char GRAY_THRESHOLD = 50;
 
 enum E6Color {
@@ -75,24 +74,24 @@ static uint8_t color_to_hex(Color color) {
 }
 
 void EPaperSpectraE6::power_on() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power on");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power on");
   this->command(0x04);
 }
 
 void EPaperSpectraE6::power_off() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Power off");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Power off");
   this->command(0x02);
   this->data(0x00);
 }
 
-void EPaperSpectraE6::refresh_screen() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Refresh");
+void EPaperSpectraE6::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Refresh");
   this->command(0x12);
   this->data(0x00);
 }
 
 void EPaperSpectraE6::deep_sleep() {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Deep sleep");
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
   this->command(0x07);
   this->data(0xA5);
 }
@@ -109,12 +108,11 @@ void EPaperSpectraE6::clear() {
   this->fill(COLOR_ON);
 }
 
-void HOT EPaperSpectraE6::draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Color color) {
-  if (x >= this->width_ || y >= this->height_ || x < 0 || y < 0)
+void HOT EPaperSpectraE6::draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) {
+  if (!this->rotate_coordinates_(x, y))
     return;
-
   auto pixel_bits = color_to_hex(color);
-  uint32_t pixel_position = x + y * this->get_width_controller();
+  uint32_t pixel_position = x + y * this->get_width_internal();
   uint32_t byte_position = pixel_position / 2;
   auto original = this->buffer_[byte_position];
   if ((pixel_position & 1) != 0) {
@@ -128,10 +126,6 @@ bool HOT EPaperSpectraE6::transfer_data() {
   const uint32_t start_time = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
   const size_t buffer_length = this->buffer_length_;
   if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
-#if ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL >= ESPHOME_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
-    this->transfer_start_time_ = millis();
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Start sending data at %ums", (unsigned) millis());
     this->command(0x10);
   }
 
@@ -160,7 +154,6 @@ bool HOT EPaperSpectraE6::transfer_data() {
     this->end_data_();
   }
   this->current_data_index_ = 0;
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Sent data in %" PRIu32 " ms", millis() - this->transfer_start_time_);
   return true;
 }
 }  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_spectra_e6.h

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ class EPaperSpectraE6 : public EPaperBase {
   void clear() override;
 
  protected:
-  void refresh_screen() override;
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
   void power_on() override;
   void power_off() override;
   void deep_sleep() override;
-  void draw_absolute_pixel_internal(int x, int y, Color color) override;
+  void draw_pixel_at(int x, int y, Color color) override;
 
   bool transfer_data() override;
 };

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1677.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#include "epaper_spi_ssd1677.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+static constexpr const char *const TAG = "epaper_spi.ssd1677";
+
+void EPaperSSD1677::refresh_screen(bool partial) {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Refresh screen");
+  this->command(0x22);
+  this->data(partial ? 0xFF : 0xF7);
+  this->command(0x20);
+}
+
+void EPaperSSD1677::deep_sleep() {
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Deep sleep");
+  this->command(0x10);
+}
+
+bool EPaperSSD1677::reset() {
+  if (EPaperBase::reset()) {
+    this->command(0x12);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool HOT EPaperSSD1677::transfer_data() {
+  auto start_time = millis();
+  if (this->current_data_index_ == 0) {
+    uint8_t data[4]{};
+    // round to byte boundaries
+    this->x_low_ &= ~7;
+    this->y_low_ &= ~7;
+    this->x_high_ += 7;
+    this->x_high_ &= ~7;
+    this->y_high_ += 7;
+    this->y_high_ &= ~7;
+    data[0] = this->x_low_;
+    data[1] = this->x_low_ / 256;
+    data[2] = this->x_high_ - 1;
+    data[3] = (this->x_high_ - 1) / 256;
+    cmd_data(0x4E, data, 2);
+    cmd_data(0x44, data, sizeof(data));
+    data[0] = this->y_low_;
+    data[1] = this->y_low_ / 256;
+    data[2] = this->y_high_ - 1;
+    data[3] = (this->y_high_ - 1) / 256;
+    cmd_data(0x4F, data, 2);
+    this->cmd_data(0x45, data, sizeof(data));
+    // for monochrome, we still need to clear the red data buffer at least once to prevent it
+    // causing dirty pixels after partial refresh.
+    this->command(this->send_red_ ? 0x26 : 0x24);
+    this->current_data_index_ = this->y_low_;  // actually current line
+  }
+  size_t row_length = (this->x_high_ - this->x_low_) / 8;
+  FixedVector<uint8_t> bytes_to_send{};
+  bytes_to_send.init(row_length);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Writing bytes at line %zu at %ums", this->current_data_index_, (unsigned) millis());
+  this->start_data_();
+  while (this->current_data_index_ != this->y_high_) {
+    size_t data_idx = (this->current_data_index_ * this->width_ + this->x_low_) / 8;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i != row_length; i++) {
+      bytes_to_send[i] = this->send_red_ ? 0 : this->buffer_[data_idx++];
+    }
+    ++this->current_data_index_;
+    this->write_array(&bytes_to_send.front(), row_length);  // NOLINT
+    if (millis() - start_time > MAX_TRANSFER_TIME) {
+      // Let the main loop run and come back next loop
+      this->end_data_();
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  this->end_data_();
+  this->current_data_index_ = 0;
+  if (this->send_red_) {
+    this->send_red_ = false;
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/epaper_spi_ssd1677.h

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "epaper_spi.h"
+
+namespace esphome::epaper_spi {
+
+class EPaperSSD1677 : public EPaperBase {
+ public:
+  EPaperSSD1677(const char *name, uint16_t width, uint16_t height, const uint8_t *init_sequence,
+                size_t init_sequence_length)
+      : EPaperBase(name, width, height, init_sequence, init_sequence_length, DISPLAY_TYPE_BINARY) {
+    this->buffer_length_ = width * height / 8;  // 8 pixels per byte
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void refresh_screen(bool partial) override;
+  void power_on() override {}
+  void power_off() override{};
+  void deep_sleep() override;
+  bool reset() override;
+  bool transfer_data() override;
+  bool send_red_{true};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::epaper_spi

esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/spectra_e6.py

@@ -32,11 +32,15 @@ class SpectraE6(EpaperModel):
 
 spectra_e6 = SpectraE6("spectra-e6")
 
-spectra_e6.extend(
-    "Seeed-reTerminal-E1002",
+spectra_e6_7p3 = spectra_e6.extend(
+    "7.3in-Spectra-E6",
     width=800,
     height=480,
     data_rate="20MHz",
+)
+
+spectra_e6_7p3.extend(
+    "Seeed-reTerminal-E1002",
     cs_pin=10,
     dc_pin=11,
     reset_pin=12,

esphome/components/epaper_spi/models/ssd1677.py

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from esphome.const import CONF_DATA_RATE
+
+from . import EpaperModel
+
+
+class SSD1677(EpaperModel):
+    def __init__(self, name, class_name="EPaperSSD1677", **kwargs):
+        if CONF_DATA_RATE not in kwargs:
+            kwargs[CONF_DATA_RATE] = "20MHz"
+        super().__init__(name, class_name, **kwargs)
+
+    # fmt: off
+    def get_init_sequence(self, config: dict):
+        width, _height = self.get_dimensions(config)
+        return (
+            (0x18, 0x80),    # Select internal Temp sensor
+            (0x0C, 0xAE, 0xC7, 0xC3, 0xC0, 0x80),  # inrush current level 2
+            (0x01, (width - 1) % 256, (width - 1) // 256, 0x02),    # Set column gate limit
+            (0x3C, 0x01),    # Set border waveform
+            (0x11, 3),      # Set transform
+        )
+
+
+ssd1677 = SSD1677("ssd1677")
+
+ssd1677.extend(
+    "seeed-ee04-mono-4.26",
+    width=800,
+    height=480,
+    mirror_x=True,
+    cs_pin=44,
+    dc_pin=10,
+    reset_pin=38,
+    busy_pin={
+        "number": 4,
+        "inverted": False,
+        "mode": {
+            "input": True,
+            "pulldown": True,
+        },
+    },
+)

esphome/components/esp32/__init__.py

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     __version__,
 )
 from esphome.core import CORE, HexInt, TimePeriod
+from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.helpers import copy_file_if_changed, write_file_if_changed
 from esphome.types import ConfigType
@@ -262,15 +263,32 @@ def add_idf_component(
             "deprecated and will be removed in ESPHome 2026.1. If you are seeing this, report "
             "an issue to the external_component author and ask them to update it."
         )
+    components_registry = CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS]
     if components:
         for comp in components:
-            CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS][comp] = {
+            existing = components_registry.get(comp)
+            if existing and existing.get(KEY_REF) != ref:
+                _LOGGER.warning(
+                    "IDF component %s version conflict %s replaced by %s",
+                    comp,
+                    existing.get(KEY_REF),
+                    ref,
+                )
+            components_registry[comp] = {
                 KEY_REPO: repo,
                 KEY_REF: ref,
                 KEY_PATH: f"{path}/{comp}" if path else comp,
             }
     else:
-        CORE.data[KEY_ESP32][KEY_COMPONENTS][name] = {
+        existing = components_registry.get(name)
+        if existing and existing.get(KEY_REF) != ref:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "IDF component %s version conflict %s replaced by %s",
+                name,
+                existing.get(KEY_REF),
+                ref,
+            )
+        components_registry[name] = {
             KEY_REPO: repo,
             KEY_REF: ref,
             KEY_PATH: path,
@@ -334,12 +352,14 @@ def _is_framework_url(source: str) -> str:
 #  - https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/releases
 ARDUINO_FRAMEWORK_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
     "recommended": cv.Version(3, 3, 2),
-    "latest": cv.Version(3, 3, 2),
-    "dev": cv.Version(3, 3, 2),
+    "latest": cv.Version(3, 3, 4),
+    "dev": cv.Version(3, 3, 4),
 }
 ARDUINO_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    cv.Version(3, 3, 2): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "1"),
-    cv.Version(3, 3, 1): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "1"),
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 4): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 3): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 2): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
+    cv.Version(3, 3, 1): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
     cv.Version(3, 3, 0): cv.Version(55, 3, 30, "2"),
     cv.Version(3, 2, 1): cv.Version(54, 3, 21, "2"),
     cv.Version(3, 2, 0): cv.Version(54, 3, 20),
@@ -357,8 +377,8 @@ ESP_IDF_FRAMEWORK_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
     "dev": cv.Version(5, 5, 1),
 }
 ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    cv.Version(5, 5, 1): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "1"),
-    cv.Version(5, 5, 0): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "1"),
+    cv.Version(5, 5, 1): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
+    cv.Version(5, 5, 0): cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
     cv.Version(5, 4, 3): cv.Version(55, 3, 32),
     cv.Version(5, 4, 2): cv.Version(54, 3, 21, "2"),
     cv.Version(5, 4, 1): cv.Version(54, 3, 21, "2"),
@@ -373,14 +393,15 @@ ESP_IDF_PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
 # The platform-espressif32 version
 #  - https://github.com/pioarduino/platform-espressif32/releases
 PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP = {
-    "recommended": cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "1"),
-    "latest": cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "1"),
-    "dev": cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "1"),
+    "recommended": cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
+    "latest": cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
+    "dev": cv.Version(55, 3, 31, "2"),
 }
 
 
-def _check_versions(value):
-    value = value.copy()
+def _check_versions(config):
+    config = config.copy()
+    value = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
 
     if value[CONF_VERSION] in PLATFORM_VERSION_LOOKUP:
         if CONF_SOURCE in value or CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION in value:
@@ -445,7 +466,7 @@ def _check_versions(value):
             "If there are connectivity or build issues please remove the manual version."
         )
 
-    return value
+    return config
 
 
 def _parse_platform_version(value):
@@ -495,6 +516,8 @@ def final_validate(config):
     from esphome.components.psram import DOMAIN as PSRAM_DOMAIN
 
     errs = []
+    conf_fw = config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]
+    advanced = conf_fw[CONF_ADVANCED]
     full_config = fv.full_config.get()
     if pio_options := full_config[CONF_ESPHOME].get(CONF_PLATFORMIO_OPTIONS):
         pio_flash_size_key = "board_upload.flash_size"
@@ -511,22 +534,14 @@ def final_validate(config):
                     f"Please specify {CONF_FLASH_SIZE} within esp32 configuration only"
                 )
             )
-    if (
-        config[CONF_VARIANT] != VARIANT_ESP32
-        and CONF_ADVANCED in (conf_fw := config[CONF_FRAMEWORK])
-        and CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC in conf_fw[CONF_ADVANCED]
-    ):
+    if config[CONF_VARIANT] != VARIANT_ESP32 and advanced[CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC]:
         errs.append(
             cv.Invalid(
                 f"'{CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC}' is not supported on {config[CONF_VARIANT]}",
                 path=[CONF_FRAMEWORK, CONF_ADVANCED, CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC],
             )
         )
-    if (
-        config.get(CONF_FRAMEWORK, {})
-        .get(CONF_ADVANCED, {})
-        .get(CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM)
-    ):
+    if advanced[CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM]:
         if config[CONF_VARIANT] != VARIANT_ESP32S3:
             errs.append(
                 cv.Invalid(
@@ -542,6 +557,17 @@ def final_validate(config):
                 )
             )
 
+    if (
+        config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE] == "32MB"
+        and "ota" in full_config
+        and not advanced[CONF_ENABLE_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES]
+    ):
+        errs.append(
+            cv.Invalid(
+                f"OTA with 32MB flash requires '{CONF_ENABLE_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES}' to be set in the '{CONF_ADVANCED}' section of the esp32 configuration",
+                path=[CONF_FLASH_SIZE],
+            )
+        )
     if errs:
         raise cv.MultipleInvalid(errs)
 
@@ -584,6 +610,14 @@ def require_vfs_dir() -> None:
     CORE.data[KEY_VFS_DIR_REQUIRED] = True
 
 
+def _parse_idf_component(value: str) -> ConfigType:
+    """Parse IDF component shorthand syntax like 'owner/component^version'"""
+    if "^" not in value:
+        raise cv.Invalid(f"Invalid IDF component shorthand '{value}'")
+    name, ref = value.split("^", 1)
+    return {CONF_NAME: name, CONF_REF: ref}
+
+
 def _validate_idf_component(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
     """Validate IDF component config and warn about deprecated options."""
     if CONF_REFRESH in config:
@@ -596,72 +630,63 @@ def _validate_idf_component(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
 
 FRAMEWORK_ESP_IDF = "esp-idf"
 FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO = "arduino"
-FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE, default=FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO): cv.one_of(
-                FRAMEWORK_ESP_IDF, FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION, default="recommended"): cv.string_strict,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_RELEASE): cv.string_strict,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.string_strict,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION): _parse_platform_version,
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS, default={}): {
-                cv.string_strict: cv.string_strict
-            },
-            cv.Optional(CONF_LOG_LEVEL, default="ERROR"): cv.one_of(
-                *LOG_LEVELS_IDF, upper=True
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ADVANCED, default={}): cv.Schema(
-                {
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_ASSERTION_LEVEL): cv.one_of(
-                        *ASSERTION_LEVELS, upper=True
-                    ),
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION, default="SIZE"): cv.one_of(
-                        *COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS, upper=True
-                    ),
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_ASSERT, default=True): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(
-                        CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_CUSTOM_MAC, default=False
-                    ): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC): cv.boolean,
-                    # DHCP server is needed for WiFi AP mode. When WiFi component is used,
-                    # it will handle disabling DHCP server when AP is not configured.
-                    # Default to false (disabled) when WiFi is not used.
-                    cv.OnlyWithout(
-                        CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER, "wifi", default=False
-                    ): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(
-                        CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_MDNS_QUERIES, default=True
-                    ): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(
-                        CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE, default=False
-                    ): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(
-                        CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING, default=True
-                    ): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(
-                        CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_CHECK_THREAD_SAFETY, default=True
-                    ): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(
-                        CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM, default=True
-                    ): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(
-                        CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS, default=True
-                    ): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(
-                        CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT, default=True
-                    ): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR, default=True): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM): cv.boolean,
-                    cv.Optional(CONF_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE, default=8192): cv.int_range(
-                        min=8192, max=32768
-                    ),
-                }
-            ),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_COMPONENTS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(
-                cv.All(
+FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Optional(CONF_TYPE): cv.one_of(FRAMEWORK_ESP_IDF, FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION, default="recommended"): cv.string_strict,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_RELEASE): cv.string_strict,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SOURCE): cv.string_strict,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_PLATFORM_VERSION): _parse_platform_version,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS, default={}): {
+            cv.string_strict: cv.string_strict
+        },
+        cv.Optional(CONF_LOG_LEVEL, default="ERROR"): cv.one_of(
+            *LOG_LEVELS_IDF, upper=True
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_ADVANCED, default={}): cv.Schema(
+            {
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ASSERTION_LEVEL): cv.one_of(
+                    *ASSERTION_LEVELS, upper=True
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(CONF_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION, default="SIZE"): cv.one_of(
+                    *COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS, upper=True
+                ),
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_ENABLE_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES, default=False
+                ): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_ASSERT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_CUSTOM_MAC, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                # DHCP server is needed for WiFi AP mode. When WiFi component is used,
+                # it will handle disabling DHCP server when AP is not configured.
+                # Default to false (disabled) when WiFi is not used.
+                cv.OnlyWithout(
+                    CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER, "wifi", default=False
+                ): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_MDNS_QUERIES, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE, default=False
+                ): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING, default=True
+                ): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(
+                    CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_CHECK_THREAD_SAFETY, default=True
+                ): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR, default=True): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM, default=False): cv.boolean,
+                cv.Optional(CONF_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE, default=8192): cv.int_range(
+                    min=8192, max=32768
+                ),
+            }
+        ),
+        cv.Optional(CONF_COMPONENTS, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(
+            cv.All(
+                cv.Any(
+                    cv.All(cv.string_strict, _parse_idf_component),
                     cv.Schema(
                         {
                             cv.Required(CONF_NAME): cv.string_strict,
@@ -673,12 +698,11 @@ FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                             ),
                         }
                     ),
-                    _validate_idf_component,
-                )
-            ),
-        }
-    ),
-    _check_versions,
+                ),
+                _validate_idf_component,
+            )
+        ),
+    }
 )
 
 
@@ -741,11 +765,11 @@ def _show_framework_migration_message(name: str, variant: str) -> None:
 
 
 def _set_default_framework(config):
+    config = config.copy()
     if CONF_FRAMEWORK not in config:
-        config = config.copy()
-
-        variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
         config[CONF_FRAMEWORK] = FRAMEWORK_SCHEMA({})
+    if CONF_TYPE not in config[CONF_FRAMEWORK]:
+        variant = config[CONF_VARIANT]
         if variant in ARDUINO_ALLOWED_VARIANTS:
             config[CONF_FRAMEWORK][CONF_TYPE] = FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO
             _show_framework_migration_message(
@@ -785,6 +809,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
     ),
     _detect_variant,
     _set_default_framework,
+    _check_versions,
     set_core_data,
     cv.has_at_least_one_key(CONF_BOARD, CONF_VARIANT),
 )
@@ -803,9 +828,7 @@ def _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf: dict) -> None:
     from esphome.components.socket import KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS
 
     # Check if user manually specified CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS
-    user_max_sockets = conf.get(CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS, {}).get(
-        "CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS"
-    )
+    user_max_sockets = conf[CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].get("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS")
 
     socket_consumers: dict[str, int] = CORE.data.get(KEY_SOCKET_CONSUMERS, {})
     total_sockets = sum(socket_consumers.values())
@@ -859,9 +882,25 @@ def _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf: dict) -> None:
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_MAX_SOCKETS", max_sockets)
 
 
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
+async def _add_yaml_idf_components(components: list[ConfigType]):
+    """Add IDF components from YAML config with final priority to override code-added components."""
+    for component in components:
+        add_idf_component(
+            name=component[CONF_NAME],
+            repo=component.get(CONF_SOURCE),
+            ref=component.get(CONF_REF),
+            path=component.get(CONF_PATH),
+        )
+
+
 async def to_code(config):
     cg.add_platformio_option("board", config[CONF_BOARD])
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_upload.flash_size", config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE])
+    cg.add_platformio_option(
+        "board_upload.maximum_size",
+        int(config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE].removesuffix("MB")) * 1024 * 1024,
+    )
     cg.set_cpp_standard("gnu++20")
     cg.add_build_flag("-DUSE_ESP32")
     cg.add_define("ESPHOME_BOARD", config[CONF_BOARD])
@@ -891,6 +930,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         CORE.relative_internal_path(".espressif")
     )
 
+    add_extra_script(
+        "pre",
+        "pre_build.py",
+        Path(__file__).parent / "pre_build.py.script",
+    )
+
     add_extra_script(
         "post",
         "post_build.py",
@@ -939,6 +984,12 @@ async def to_code(config):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_MBEDTLS_CERTIFICATE_BUNDLE", True)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_PHY_REDUCE_TX_POWER", True)
 
+        # ESP32-S2 Arduino: Disable USB Serial on boot to avoid TinyUSB dependency
+        if get_esp32_variant() == VARIANT_ESP32S2:
+            cg.add_build_unflag("-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=1")
+            cg.add_build_unflag("-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0")
+            cg.add_build_flag("-DARDUINO_USB_CDC_ON_BOOT=0")
+
     cg.add_build_flag("-Wno-nonnull-compare")
 
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option(f"CONFIG_IDF_TARGET_{variant}", True)
@@ -975,23 +1026,18 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # WiFi component handles its own optimization when AP mode is not used
     # When using Arduino with Ethernet, DHCP server functions must be available
     # for the Network library to compile, even if not actively used
-    if (
-        CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER in advanced
-        and not advanced[CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER]
-        and not (
-            conf[CONF_TYPE] == FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO
-            and "ethernet" in CORE.loaded_integrations
-        )
+    if advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_DHCP_SERVER) is False and not (
+        conf[CONF_TYPE] == FRAMEWORK_ARDUINO and "ethernet" in CORE.loaded_integrations
     ):
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_DHCPS", False)
-    if not advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_MDNS_QUERIES, True):
+    if not advanced[CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_MDNS_QUERIES]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_DNS_SUPPORT_MDNS_QUERIES", False)
-    if not advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE, False):
+    if not advanced[CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_BRIDGE_INTERFACE]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_BRIDGEIF_MAX_PORTS", 0)
 
     _configure_lwip_max_sockets(conf)
 
-    if advanced.get(CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM, False):
+    if advanced[CONF_EXECUTE_FROM_PSRAM]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_FETCH_INSTRUCTIONS", True)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_SPIRAM_RODATA", True)
 
@@ -1002,23 +1048,22 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # - select() on 4 sockets: ~190μs (Arduino/core locking) vs ~235μs (ESP-IDF default)
     # - Up to 200% slower under load when all operations queue through tcpip_thread
     # Enabling this makes ESP-IDF socket performance match Arduino framework.
-    if advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING, True):
+    if advanced[CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_TCPIP_CORE_LOCKING", True)
-    if advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_CHECK_THREAD_SAFETY, True):
+    if advanced[CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_CHECK_THREAD_SAFETY]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LWIP_CHECK_THREAD_SAFETY", True)
 
     # Disable placing libc locks in IRAM to save RAM
     # This is safe for ESPHome since no IRAM ISRs (interrupts that run while cache is disabled)
     # use libc lock APIs. Saves approximately 1.3KB (1,356 bytes) of IRAM.
-    if advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM, True):
+    if advanced[CONF_DISABLE_LIBC_LOCKS_IN_IRAM]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_LIBC_LOCKS_PLACE_IN_IRAM", False)
 
     # Disable VFS support for termios (terminal I/O functions)
     # ESPHome doesn't use termios functions on ESP32 (only used in host UART driver).
     # Saves approximately 1.8KB of flash when disabled (default).
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-        "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS",
-        not advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS, True),
+        "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS", not advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_TERMIOS]
     )
 
     # Disable VFS support for select() with file descriptors
@@ -1032,8 +1077,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     else:
         # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT",
-            not advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT, True),
+            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT", not advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_SELECT]
         )
 
     # Disable VFS support for directory functions (opendir, readdir, mkdir, etc.)
@@ -1046,8 +1090,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
     else:
         # No component needs it - allow user to control (default: disabled)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
-            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR",
-            not advanced.get(CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR, True),
+            "CONFIG_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR", not advanced[CONF_DISABLE_VFS_SUPPORT_DIR]
         )
 
     cg.add_platformio_option("board_build.partitions", "partitions.csv")
@@ -1061,7 +1104,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
             add_idf_sdkconfig_option(flag, assertion_level == key)
 
     add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION_DEFAULT", False)
-    compiler_optimization = advanced.get(CONF_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION)
+    compiler_optimization = advanced[CONF_COMPILER_OPTIMIZATION]
     for key, flag in COMPILER_OPTIMIZATIONS.items():
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(flag, compiler_optimization == key)
 
@@ -1070,18 +1113,20 @@ async def to_code(config):
         conf[CONF_ADVANCED][CONF_ENABLE_LWIP_ASSERT],
     )
 
-    if advanced.get(CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC):
+    if advanced[CONF_IGNORE_EFUSE_MAC_CRC]:
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_MAC_IGNORE_MAC_CRC_ERROR", True)
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_ESP_PHY_CALIBRATION_AND_DATA_STORAGE", False)
-    if advanced.get(CONF_ENABLE_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES):
+    if advanced[CONF_ENABLE_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES]:
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "Using experimental features in ESP-IDF may result in unexpected failures."
         )
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option("CONFIG_IDF_EXPERIMENTAL_FEATURES", True)
+        if config[CONF_FLASH_SIZE] == "32MB":
+            add_idf_sdkconfig_option(
+                "CONFIG_BOOTLOADER_CACHE_32BIT_ADDR_QUAD_FLASH", True
+            )
 
-    cg.add_define(
-        "ESPHOME_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE", advanced.get(CONF_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE)
-    )
+    cg.add_define("ESPHOME_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE", advanced[CONF_LOOP_TASK_STACK_SIZE])
 
     cg.add_define(
         "USE_ESP_IDF_VERSION_CODE",
@@ -1095,13 +1140,10 @@ async def to_code(config):
     for name, value in conf[CONF_SDKCONFIG_OPTIONS].items():
         add_idf_sdkconfig_option(name, RawSdkconfigValue(value))
 
-    for component in conf[CONF_COMPONENTS]:
-        add_idf_component(
-            name=component[CONF_NAME],
-            repo=component.get(CONF_SOURCE),
-            ref=component.get(CONF_REF),
-            path=component.get(CONF_PATH),
-        )
+    # Components from YAML are added in a separate coroutine with FINAL priority
+    # Schedule it to run after all other components
+    if conf[CONF_COMPONENTS]:
+        CORE.add_job(_add_yaml_idf_components, conf[CONF_COMPONENTS])
 
 
 APP_PARTITION_SIZES = {

esphome/components/esp32/pre_build.py.script

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Import("env")  # noqa: F821
+
+# Remove custom_sdkconfig from the board config as it causes
+# pioarduino to enable some strange hybrid build mode that breaks IDF
+board = env.BoardConfig()
+if "espidf.custom_sdkconfig" in board:
+    del board._manifest["espidf"]["custom_sdkconfig"]
+    if not board._manifest["espidf"]:
+        del board._manifest["espidf"]

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp

@@ -256,29 +256,38 @@ bool ESP32BLE::ble_setup_() {
   }
 #endif
 
-  std::string name;
-  if (this->name_.has_value()) {
-    name = this->name_.value();
+  const char *device_name;
+  std::string name_with_suffix;
+
+  if (this->name_ != nullptr) {
     if (App.is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled()) {
+      // MAC address length: 12 hex chars + null terminator
+      constexpr size_t mac_address_len = 13;
       // MAC address suffix length (last 6 characters of 12-char MAC address string)
       constexpr size_t mac_address_suffix_len = 6;
-      const std::string mac_addr = get_mac_address();
-      const char *mac_suffix_ptr = mac_addr.c_str() + mac_address_suffix_len;
-      name = make_name_with_suffix(name, '-', mac_suffix_ptr, mac_address_suffix_len);
+      char mac_addr[mac_address_len];
+      get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr);
+      const char *mac_suffix_ptr = mac_addr + mac_address_suffix_len;
+      name_with_suffix =
+          make_name_with_suffix(this->name_, strlen(this->name_), '-', mac_suffix_ptr, mac_address_suffix_len);
+      device_name = name_with_suffix.c_str();
+    } else {
+      device_name = this->name_;
     }
   } else {
-    name = App.get_name();
-    if (name.length() > 20) {
+    name_with_suffix = App.get_name();
+    if (name_with_suffix.length() > 20) {
       if (App.is_name_add_mac_suffix_enabled()) {
         // Keep first 13 chars and last 7 chars (MAC suffix), remove middle
-        name.erase(13, name.length() - 20);
+        name_with_suffix.erase(13, name_with_suffix.length() - 20);
       } else {
-        name.resize(20);
+        name_with_suffix.resize(20);
       }
     }
+    device_name = name_with_suffix.c_str();
   }
 
-  err = esp_ble_gap_set_device_name(name.c_str());
+  err = esp_ble_gap_set_device_name(device_name);
   if (err != ESP_OK) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_set_device_name failed: %d", err);
     return false;
@@ -634,11 +643,13 @@ void ESP32BLE::dump_config() {
         io_capability_s = "invalid";
         break;
     }
+    char mac_s[18];
+    format_mac_addr_upper(mac_address, mac_s);
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                   "BLE:\n"
                   "  MAC address: %s\n"
                   "  IO Capability: %s",
-                  format_mac_address_pretty(mac_address).c_str(), io_capability_s);
+                  mac_s, io_capability_s);
   } else {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Bluetooth stack is not enabled");
   }

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
   void loop() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
-  void set_name(const std::string &name) { this->name_ = name; }
+  void set_name(const char *name) { this->name_ = name; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING
   void advertising_start();
@@ -191,13 +191,11 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
   esphome::LockFreeQueue<BLEEvent, MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE> ble_events_;
   esphome::EventPool<BLEEvent, MAX_BLE_QUEUE_SIZE> ble_event_pool_;
 
-  // optional<string> (typically 16+ bytes on 32-bit, aligned to 4 bytes)
-  optional<std::string> name_;
-
   // 4-byte aligned members
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_ADVERTISING
   BLEAdvertising *advertising_{};  // 4 bytes (pointer)
 #endif
+  const char *name_{nullptr};                 // 4 bytes (pointer to string literal in flash)
   esp_ble_io_cap_t io_cap_{ESP_IO_CAP_NONE};  // 4 bytes (enum)
   uint32_t advertising_cycle_time_{};         // 4 bytes
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_characteristic.cpp

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ void BLECharacteristic::parse_descriptors() {
     }
     if (status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] esp_ble_gattc_get_all_descr error, status=%d",
-               this->service->client->get_connection_index(), this->service->client->address_str().c_str(), status);
+               this->service->client->get_connection_index(), this->service->client->address_str(), status);
       break;
     }
     if (count == 0) {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void BLECharacteristic::parse_descriptors() {
     desc->characteristic = this;
     this->descriptors.push_back(desc);
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s]    descriptor %s, handle 0x%x", this->service->client->get_connection_index(),
-             this->service->client->address_str().c_str(), desc->uuid.to_string().c_str(), desc->handle);
+             this->service->client->address_str(), desc->uuid.to_string().c_str(), desc->handle);
     offset++;
   }
 }
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ esp_err_t BLECharacteristic::write_value(uint8_t *new_val, int16_t new_val_size,
                                          new_val, write_type, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   if (status) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Error sending write value to BLE gattc server, status=%d",
-             this->service->client->get_connection_index(), this->service->client->address_str().c_str(), status);
+             this->service->client->get_connection_index(), this->service->client->address_str(), status);
   }
   return status;
 }

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.cpp

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::setup() {
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::set_state(espbt::ClientState st) {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Set state %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), (int) st);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Set state %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, (int) st);
   ESPBTClient::set_state(st);
 }
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::dump_config() {
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
                 "  Address: %s\n"
                 "  Auto-Connect: %s",
-                this->address_str().c_str(), TRUEFALSE(this->auto_connect_));
+                this->address_str(), TRUEFALSE(this->auto_connect_));
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  State: %s", espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state()));
   if (this->status_ == ESP_GATT_NO_RESOURCES) {
     ESP_LOGE(TAG, "  Failed due to no resources. Try to reduce number of BLE clients in config.");
@@ -104,12 +104,11 @@ void BLEClientBase::connect() {
   // Prevent duplicate connection attempts
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING || this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED ||
       this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection already in progress, state=%s", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_.c_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_));
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection already in progress, state=%s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+             espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_));
     return;
   }
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] 0x%02x Connecting", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           this->remote_addr_type_);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] 0x%02x Connecting", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->remote_addr_type_);
   this->paired_ = false;
   // Enable loop for state processing
   this->enable_loop();
@@ -135,13 +134,13 @@ esp_err_t BLEClientBase::pair() { return esp_ble_set_encryption(this->remote_bda
 
 void BLEClientBase::disconnect() {
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::IDLE || this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect requested, but already %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect requested, but already %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
              espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_));
     return;
   }
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTING || this->conn_id_ == UNSET_CONN_ID) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnect before connected, disconnect scheduled", this->connection_index_,
-             this->address_str_.c_str());
+             this->address_str_);
     this->want_disconnect_ = true;
     return;
   }
@@ -150,8 +149,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::disconnect() {
 
 void BLEClientBase::unconditional_disconnect() {
   // Disconnect without checking the state.
-  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnecting (conn_id: %d).", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
-           this->conn_id_);
+  ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Disconnecting (conn_id: %d).", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, this->conn_id_);
   if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::DISCONNECTING) {
     this->log_error_("Already disconnecting");
     return;
@@ -192,24 +190,23 @@ void BLEClientBase::release_services() {
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_event_(const char *name) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), name);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, name);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_gattc_event_(const char *name) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_%s_EVT", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), name);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_%s_EVT", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, name);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, esp_gatt_status_t status) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), operation,
-           status);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, operation, status);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_gattc_warning_(const char *operation, esp_err_t err) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), operation, err);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s error, status=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, operation, err);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_connection_params_(const char *param_type) {
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s conn params", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), param_type);
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s conn params", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, param_type);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::handle_connection_result_(esp_err_t ret) {
@@ -220,15 +217,15 @@ void BLEClientBase::handle_connection_result_(esp_err_t ret) {
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_error_(const char *message) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), message);
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, message);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_error_(const char *message, int code) {
-  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), message, code);
+  ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, message, code);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::log_warning_(const char *message) {
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), message);
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, message);
 }
 
 void BLEClientBase::update_conn_params_(uint16_t min_interval, uint16_t max_interval, uint16_t latency,
@@ -264,13 +261,13 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
   if (event != ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT && esp_gattc_if != ESP_GATT_IF_NONE && esp_gattc_if != this->gattc_if_)
     return false;
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] gattc_event_handler: event=%d gattc_if=%d", this->connection_index_,
-           this->address_str_.c_str(), event, esp_gattc_if);
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] gattc_event_handler: event=%d gattc_if=%d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+           event, esp_gattc_if);
 
   switch (event) {
     case ESP_GATTC_REG_EVT: {
       if (param->reg.status == ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] gattc registered app id %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] gattc registered app id %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                  this->app_id);
         this->gattc_if_ = esp_gattc_if;
       } else {
@@ -292,7 +289,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       // arriving after we've already transitioned to IDLE state.
       if (this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::IDLE) {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT in IDLE state (status=%d), ignoring", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), param->open.status);
+                 this->address_str_, param->open.status);
         break;
       }
 
@@ -301,7 +298,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
         // because it means we have a bad assumption about how the
         // ESP BT stack works.
         ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_OPEN_EVT in %s state (status=%d)", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_), param->open.status);
+                 this->address_str_, espbt::client_state_to_string(this->state_), param->open.status);
       }
       if (param->open.status != ESP_GATT_OK && param->open.status != ESP_GATT_ALREADY_OPEN) {
         this->log_gattc_warning_("Connection open", param->open.status);
@@ -318,7 +315,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       }
       // MTU negotiation already started in ESP_GATTC_CONNECT_EVT
       this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED);
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection open", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Connection open", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
       if (this->connection_type_ == espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
         // Cached connections already connected with medium parameters, no update needed
         // only set our state, subclients might have more stuff to do yet.
@@ -354,8 +351,8 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
           this->state_ == espbt::ClientState::CONNECTED) {
         this->log_warning_("Remote closed during discovery");
       } else {
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT, reason 0x%02x", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), param->disconnect.reason);
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GATTC_DISCONNECT_EVT, reason 0x%02x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+                 param->disconnect.reason);
       }
       this->release_services();
       this->set_state(espbt::ClientState::IDLE);
@@ -366,12 +363,12 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       if (this->conn_id_ != param->cfg_mtu.conn_id)
         return false;
       if (param->cfg_mtu.status != ESP_GATT_OK) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] cfg_mtu failed, mtu %d, status %d", this->connection_index_,
-                 this->address_str_.c_str(), param->cfg_mtu.mtu, param->cfg_mtu.status);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] cfg_mtu failed, mtu %d, status %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+                 param->cfg_mtu.mtu, param->cfg_mtu.status);
         // No state change required here - disconnect event will follow if needed.
         break;
       }
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] cfg_mtu status %d, mtu %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] cfg_mtu status %d, mtu %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                param->cfg_mtu.status, param->cfg_mtu.mtu);
       this->mtu_ = param->cfg_mtu.mtu;
       break;
@@ -415,14 +412,14 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
       } else if (this->connection_type_ != espbt::ConnectionType::V3_WITH_CACHE) {
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
         for (auto &svc : this->services_) {
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service UUID: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service UUID: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                    svc->uuid.to_string().c_str());
-          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s]  start_handle: 0x%x  end_handle: 0x%x", this->connection_index_,
-                   this->address_str_.c_str(), svc->start_handle, svc->end_handle);
+          ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s]  start_handle: 0x%x  end_handle: 0x%x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
+                   svc->start_handle, svc->end_handle);
         }
 #endif
       }
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service discovery complete", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str());
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Service discovery complete", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_);
       this->state_ = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
       break;
     }
@@ -503,7 +500,7 @@ bool BLEClientBase::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_
 
     default:
       // ideally would check all other events for matching conn_id
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Event %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), event);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Event %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, event);
       break;
   }
   return true;
@@ -520,7 +517,7 @@ void BLEClientBase::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_
     case ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT:
       if (!this->check_addr(param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr))
         return;
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT %x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(), event);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%d] [%s] ESP_GAP_BLE_SEC_REQ_EVT %x", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_, event);
       esp_ble_gap_security_rsp(param->ble_security.ble_req.bd_addr, true);
       break;
     // This event is sent once authentication has completed
@@ -529,13 +526,13 @@ void BLEClientBase::gap_event_handler(esp_gap_ble_cb_event_t event, esp_ble_gap_
         return;
       esp_bd_addr_t bd_addr;
       memcpy(bd_addr, param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.bd_addr, sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
-      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth complete addr: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+      ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth complete addr: %s", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                format_hex(bd_addr, 6).c_str());
       if (!param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.success) {
         this->log_error_("auth fail reason", param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.fail_reason);
       } else {
         this->paired_ = true;
-        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth success type = %d mode = %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_.c_str(),
+        ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%d] [%s] auth success type = %d mode = %d", this->connection_index_, this->address_str_,
                  param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.addr_type, param->ble_security.auth_cmpl.auth_mode);
       }
       break;
@@ -598,7 +595,7 @@ float BLEClientBase::parse_char_value(uint8_t *value, uint16_t length) {
       }
   }
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%d] [%s] Cannot parse characteristic value of type 0x%x length %d", this->connection_index_,
-           this->address_str_.c_str(), value[0], length);
+           this->address_str_, value[0], length);
   return NAN;
 }
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_client/ble_client_base.h

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 #endif
 
 #include <array>
-#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <esp_bt_defs.h>
@@ -23,6 +22,7 @@ namespace esphome::esp32_ble_client {
 namespace espbt = esphome::esp32_ble_tracker;
 
 static const int UNSET_CONN_ID = 0xFFFF;
+static constexpr size_t MAC_ADDR_STR_LEN = 18;  // "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF\0"
 
 class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
  public:
@@ -58,14 +58,12 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
     this->remote_bda_[4] = (address >> 8) & 0xFF;
     this->remote_bda_[5] = (address >> 0) & 0xFF;
     if (address == 0) {
-      this->address_str_ = "";
+      this->address_str_[0] = '\0';
     } else {
-      char buf[18];
-      format_mac_addr_upper(this->remote_bda_, buf);
-      this->address_str_ = buf;
+      format_mac_addr_upper(this->remote_bda_, this->address_str_);
     }
   }
-  const std::string &address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
+  const char *address_str() const { return this->address_str_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
   BLEService *get_service(espbt::ESPBTUUID uuid);
@@ -104,7 +102,6 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   uint64_t address_{0};
 
   // Group 2: Container types (grouped for memory optimization)
-  std::string address_str_{};
 #ifdef USE_ESP32_BLE_DEVICE
   std::vector<BLEService *> services_;
 #endif
@@ -113,8 +110,9 @@ class BLEClientBase : public espbt::ESPBTClient, public Component {
   int gattc_if_;
   esp_gatt_status_t status_{ESP_GATT_OK};
 
-  // Group 4: Arrays (6 bytes)
-  esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda_;
+  // Group 4: Arrays
+  char address_str_[MAC_ADDR_STR_LEN]{};  // 18 bytes: "AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF\0"
+  esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda_;              // 6 bytes
 
   // Group 5: 2-byte types
   uint16_t conn_id_{UNSET_CONN_ID};