[api] Optimize protobuf varint encoding for flash savings

.ai/instructions.md

@@ -51,79 +51,7 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 
 *   **Naming Conventions:**
     *   **Python:** Follows PEP 8. Use clear, descriptive names following snake_case.
-    *   **C++:** Follows the Google C++ Style Guide with these specifics (following clang-tidy conventions):
-        - Function, method, and variable names: `lower_snake_case`
-        - Class/struct/enum names: `UpperCamelCase`
-        - Top-level constants (global/namespace scope): `UPPER_SNAKE_CASE`
-        - Function-local constants: `lower_snake_case`
-        - Protected/private fields: `lower_snake_case_with_trailing_underscore_`
-        - Favor descriptive names over abbreviations
-
-*   **C++ Field Visibility:**
-    *   **Prefer `protected`:** Use `protected` for most class fields to enable extensibility and testing. Fields should be `lower_snake_case_with_trailing_underscore_`.
-    *   **Use `private` for safety-critical cases:** Use `private` visibility when direct field access could introduce bugs or violate invariants:
-        1. **Pointer lifetime issues:** When setters validate and store pointers from known lists to prevent dangling references.
-           ```cpp
-           // Helper to find matching string in vector and return its pointer
-           inline const char *vector_find(const std::vector<const char *> &vec, const char *value) {
-             for (const char *item : vec) {
-               if (strcmp(item, value) == 0)
-                 return item;
-             }
-             return nullptr;
-           }
-
-           class ClimateDevice {
-            public:
-             void set_custom_fan_modes(std::initializer_list<const char *> modes) {
-               this->custom_fan_modes_ = modes;
-               this->active_custom_fan_mode_ = nullptr;  // Reset when modes change
-             }
-             bool set_custom_fan_mode(const char *mode) {
-               // Find mode in supported list and store that pointer (not the input pointer)
-               const char *validated_mode = vector_find(this->custom_fan_modes_, mode);
-               if (validated_mode != nullptr) {
-                 this->active_custom_fan_mode_ = validated_mode;
-                 return true;
-               }
-               return false;
-             }
-            private:
-             std::vector<const char *> custom_fan_modes_;  // Pointers to string literals in flash
-             const char *active_custom_fan_mode_{nullptr};  // Must point to entry in custom_fan_modes_
-           };
-           ```
-        2. **Invariant coupling:** When multiple fields must remain synchronized to prevent buffer overflows or data corruption.
-           ```cpp
-           class Buffer {
-            public:
-             void resize(size_t new_size) {
-               auto new_data = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(new_size);
-               if (this->data_) {
-                 std::memcpy(new_data.get(), this->data_.get(), std::min(this->size_, new_size));
-               }
-               this->data_ = std::move(new_data);
-               this->size_ = new_size;  // Must stay in sync with data_
-             }
-            private:
-             std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_;
-             size_t size_{0};  // Must match allocated size of data_
-           };
-           ```
-        3. **Resource management:** When setters perform cleanup or registration operations that derived classes might skip.
-    *   **Provide `protected` accessor methods:** When derived classes need controlled access to `private` members.
-
-*   **C++ Preprocessor Directives:**
-    *   **Avoid `#define` for constants:** Using `#define` for constants is discouraged and should be replaced with `const` variables or enums.
-    *   **Use `#define` only for:**
-        - Conditional compilation (`#ifdef`, `#ifndef`)
-        - Compile-time sizes calculated during Python code generation (e.g., configuring `std::array` or `StaticVector` dimensions via `cg.add_define()`)
-
-*   **C++ Additional Conventions:**
-    *   **Member access:** Prefix all class member access with `this->` (e.g., `this->value_` not `value_`)
-    *   **Indentation:** Use spaces (two per indentation level), not tabs
-    *   **Type aliases:** Prefer `using type_t = int;` over `typedef int type_t;`
-    *   **Line length:** Wrap lines at no more than 120 characters
+    *   **C++:** Follows the Google C++ Style Guide.
 
 *   **Component Structure:**
     *   **Standard Files:**
@@ -172,7 +100,8 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 
     *   **C++ Class Pattern:**
         ```cpp
-        namespace esphome::my_component {
+        namespace esphome {
+        namespace my_component {
 
         class MyComponent : public Component {
          public:
@@ -188,7 +117,8 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
           int param_{0};
         };
 
-        }  // namespace esphome::my_component
+        }  // namespace my_component
+        }  // namespace esphome
         ```
 
     *   **Common Component Examples:**
@@ -276,12 +206,12 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
 ## 7. Specific Instructions for AI Collaboration
 
 *   **Contribution Workflow (Pull Request Process):**
-    1.  **Fork & Branch:** Create a new branch based on the `dev` branch (always use `git checkout -b <branch-name> dev` to ensure you're branching from `dev`, not the currently checked out branch).
+    1.  **Fork & Branch:** Create a new branch in your fork.
     2.  **Make Changes:** Adhere to all coding conventions and patterns.
     3.  **Test:** Create component tests for all supported platforms and run the full test suite locally.
     4.  **Lint:** Run `pre-commit` to ensure code is compliant.
     5.  **Commit:** Commit your changes. There is no strict format for commit messages.
-    6.  **Pull Request:** Submit a PR against the `dev` branch. The Pull Request title should have a prefix of the component being worked on (e.g., `[display] Fix bug`, `[abc123] Add new component`). Update documentation, examples, and add `CODEOWNERS` entries as needed. Pull requests should always be made using the `.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md` template - fill out all sections completely without removing any parts of the template.
+    6.  **Pull Request:** Submit a PR against the `dev` branch. The Pull Request title should have a prefix of the component being worked on (e.g., `[display] Fix bug`, `[abc123] Add new component`). Update documentation, examples, and add `CODEOWNERS` entries as needed. Pull requests should always be made with the PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md template filled out correctly.
 
 *   **Documentation Contributions:**
     *   Documentation is hosted in the separate `esphome/esphome-docs` repository.
@@ -402,45 +332,35 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
             _use_feature = True
         ```
 
-        **Bad Pattern (Flat Keys):**
+        **Good Pattern (CORE.data with Helpers):**
         ```python
-        # Don't do this - keys should be namespaced under component domain
-        MY_FEATURE_KEY = "my_component_feature"
-        CORE.data[MY_FEATURE_KEY] = True
-        ```
-
-        **Good Pattern (dataclass):**
-        ```python
-        from dataclasses import dataclass, field
         from esphome.core import CORE
 
-        DOMAIN = "my_component"
+        # Keys for CORE.data storage
+        COMPONENT_STATE_KEY = "my_component_state"
+        USE_FEATURE_KEY = "my_component_use_feature"
 
-        @dataclass
-        class MyComponentData:
-            feature_enabled: bool = False
-            item_count: int = 0
-            items: list[str] = field(default_factory=list)
+        def _get_component_state() -> list:
+            """Get component state from CORE.data."""
+            return CORE.data.setdefault(COMPONENT_STATE_KEY, [])
 
-        def _get_data() -> MyComponentData:
-            if DOMAIN not in CORE.data:
-                CORE.data[DOMAIN] = MyComponentData()
-            return CORE.data[DOMAIN]
+        def _get_use_feature() -> bool | None:
+            """Get feature flag from CORE.data."""
+            return CORE.data.get(USE_FEATURE_KEY)
 
-        def request_feature() -> None:
-            _get_data().feature_enabled = True
+        def _set_use_feature(value: bool) -> None:
+            """Set feature flag in CORE.data."""
+            CORE.data[USE_FEATURE_KEY] = value
 
-        def add_item(item: str) -> None:
-            _get_data().items.append(item)
+        def enable_feature():
+            _set_use_feature(True)
         ```
 
-        If you need a real-world example, search for components that use `@dataclass` with `CORE.data` in the codebase. Note: Some components may use `TypedDict` for dictionary-based storage; both patterns are acceptable depending on your needs.
-
         **Why this matters:**
         - Module-level globals persist between compilation runs if the dashboard doesn't fork/exec
         - `CORE.data` automatically clears between runs
-        - Namespacing under `DOMAIN` prevents key collisions between components
-        - `@dataclass` provides type safety and cleaner attribute access
+        - Typed helper functions provide better IDE support and maintainability
+        - Encapsulation makes state management explicit and testable
 
 *   **Security:** Be mindful of security when making changes to the API, web server, or any other network-related code. Do not hardcode secrets or keys.
 
@@ -448,45 +368,3 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
     *   **Python:** When adding a new Python dependency, add it to the appropriate `requirements*.txt` file and `pyproject.toml`.
     *   **C++ / PlatformIO:** When adding a new C++ dependency, add it to `platformio.ini` and use `cg.add_library`.
     *   **Build Flags:** Use `cg.add_build_flag(...)` to add compiler flags.
-
-## 8. Public API and Breaking Changes
-
-*   **Public C++ API:**
-    *   **Components**: Only documented features at [esphome.io](https://esphome.io) are public API. Undocumented `public` members are internal.
-    *   **Core/Base Classes** (`esphome/core/`, `Component`, `Sensor`, etc.): All `public` members are public API.
-    *   **Components with Global Accessors** (`global_api_server`, etc.): All `public` members are public API (except config setters).
-
-*   **Public Python API:**
-    *   All documented configuration options at [esphome.io](https://esphome.io) are public API.
-    *   Python code in `esphome/core/` actively used by existing core components is considered stable API.
-    *   Other Python code is internal unless explicitly documented for external component use.
-
-*   **Breaking Changes Policy:**
-    *   Aim for **6-month deprecation window** when possible
-    *   Clean breaks allowed for: signature changes, deep refactorings, resource constraints
-    *   Must document migration path in PR description (generates release notes)
-    *   Blog post required for core/base class changes or significant architectural changes
-    *   Full details: https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/#public-api-and-breaking-changes
-
-*   **Breaking Change Checklist:**
-    - [ ] Clear justification (RAM/flash savings, architectural improvement)
-    - [ ] Explored non-breaking alternatives
-    - [ ] Added deprecation warnings if possible (use `ESPDEPRECATED` macro for C++)
-    - [ ] Documented migration path in PR description with before/after examples
-    - [ ] Updated all internal usage and esphome-docs
-    - [ ] Tested backward compatibility during deprecation period
-
-*   **Deprecation Pattern (C++):**
-    ```cpp
-    // Remove before 2026.6.0
-    ESPDEPRECATED("Use new_method() instead. Removed in 2026.6.0", "2025.12.0")
-    void old_method() { this->new_method(); }
-    ```
-
-*   **Deprecation Pattern (Python):**
-    ```python
-    # Remove before 2026.6.0
-    if CONF_OLD_KEY in config:
-        _LOGGER.warning(f"'{CONF_OLD_KEY}' deprecated, use '{CONF_NEW_KEY}'. Removed in 2026.6.0")
-        config[CONF_NEW_KEY] = config.pop(CONF_OLD_KEY)  # Auto-migrate
-    ```

.clang-tidy.hash

@@ -1 +1 @@
-766420905c06eeb6c5f360f68fd965e5ddd9c4a5db6b823263d3ad3accb64a07
+3d46b63015d761c85ca9cb77ab79a389509e5776701fb22aed16e7b79d432c0c

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 - [ ] Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
 - [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
 - [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
-- [ ] Developer breaking change (an API change that could break external components)
 - [ ] Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests
 - [ ] Other
 

.github/actions/restore-python/action.yml

@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ runs:
   steps:
     - name: Set up Python ${{ inputs.python-version }}
       id: python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
       with:
         python-version: ${{ inputs.python-version }}
     - name: Restore Python virtual environment
       id: cache-venv
-      uses: actions/cache/restore@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+      uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
       with:
         path: venv
         # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length

.github/workflows/auto-label-pr.yml

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event.action != 'labeled' || github.event.sender.type != 'Bot'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Generate a token
         id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@29824e69f54612133e76f7eaac726eef6c875baf # v2
+        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@67018539274d69449ef7c02e8e71183d1719ab42 # v2
         with:
           app-id: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_ID }}
           private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ jobs:
               'bugfix',
               'new-feature',
               'breaking-change',
-              'developer-breaking-change',
               'code-quality'
             ];
 
@@ -368,7 +367,6 @@ jobs:
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] Bugfix \(non-breaking change which fixes an issue\)/i, label: 'bugfix' },
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] New feature \(non-breaking change which adds functionality\)/i, label: 'new-feature' },
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] Breaking change \(fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected\)/i, label: 'breaking-change' },
-                { pattern: /- \[x\] Developer breaking change \(an API change that could break external components\)/i, label: 'developer-breaking-change' },
                 { pattern: /- \[x\] Code quality improvements to existing code or addition of tests/i, label: 'code-quality' }
               ];
 

.github/workflows/ci-api-proto.yml

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ jobs:
         run: git diff
       - if: failure()
         name: Archive artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: generated-proto-files
           path: |

.github/workflows/ci-clang-tidy-hash.yml

@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 

.github/workflows/ci-docker.yml

@@ -43,9 +43,9 @@ jobs:
           - "docker"
           # - "lint"
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
       - name: Set up Docker Buildx

.github/workflows/ci-memory-impact-comment.yml

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Check out code from base repository
         if: steps.pr.outputs.skip != 'true'
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Always check out from the base repository (esphome/esphome), never from forks
           # Use the PR's target branch to ensure we run trusted code from the main repo

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -36,18 +36,18 @@ jobs:
       cache-key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.key }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Generate cache-key
         id: cache-key
         run: echo key="${{ hashFiles('requirements.txt', 'requirements_test.txt', '.pre-commit-config.yaml') }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Set up Python ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
         id: cache-venv
-        uses: actions/cache@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: venv
           # yamllint disable-line rule:line-length
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.python-linters == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ jobs:
       - common
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         id: restore-python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
@@ -152,12 +152,12 @@ jobs:
           . venv/bin/activate
           pytest -vv --cov-report=xml --tb=native -n auto tests --ignore=tests/integration/
       - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@671740ac38dd9b0130fbe1cec585b89eea48d3de # v5.5.2
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@5a1091511ad55cbe89839c7260b706298ca349f7 # v5.5.1
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
       - name: Save Python virtual environment cache
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/save@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache/save@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: venv
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.restore-python.outputs.python-version }}-venv-${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -180,10 +180,9 @@ jobs:
       memory_impact: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.memory-impact }}
       cpp-unit-tests-run-all: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all }}
       cpp-unit-tests-components: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components }}
-      component-test-batches: ${{ steps.determine.outputs.component-test-batches }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Fetch enough history to find the merge base
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -192,11 +191,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - name: Restore components graph cache
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
-        with:
-          path: .temp/components_graph.json
-          key: components-graph-${{ hashFiles('esphome/components/**/*.py') }}
       - name: Determine which tests to run
         id: determine
         env:
@@ -220,13 +214,6 @@ jobs:
           echo "memory-impact=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.memory_impact')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "cpp-unit-tests-run-all=$(echo "$output" | jq -r '.cpp_unit_tests_run_all')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
           echo "cpp-unit-tests-components=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.cpp_unit_tests_components')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "component-test-batches=$(echo "$output" | jq -c '.component_test_batches')" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - name: Save components graph cache
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/save@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
-        with:
-          path: .temp/components_graph.json
-          key: components-graph-${{ hashFiles('esphome/components/**/*.py') }}
 
   integration-tests:
     name: Run integration tests
@@ -237,15 +224,15 @@ jobs:
     if: needs.determine-jobs.outputs.integration-tests == 'true'
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python 3.13
         id: python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.13"
       - name: Restore Python virtual environment
         id: cache-venv
-        uses: actions/cache@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: venv
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-${{ steps.python.outputs.python-version }}-venv-${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -273,7 +260,7 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && (needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-run-all == 'true' || needs.determine-jobs.outputs.cpp-unit-tests-components != '[]')
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
@@ -321,7 +308,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -334,14 +321,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-${{ matrix.pio_cache_key }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
@@ -400,7 +387,7 @@ jobs:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -413,14 +400,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-tidyesp32-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-tidyesp32-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
@@ -471,7 +458,7 @@ jobs:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
-      max-parallel: 2
+      max-parallel: 1
       matrix:
         include:
           - id: clang-tidy
@@ -489,7 +476,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           # Need history for HEAD~1 to work for checking changed files
           fetch-depth: 2
@@ -502,14 +489,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-tidyesp32-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev'
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-tidyesp32-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
@@ -549,18 +536,59 @@ jobs:
         run: script/ci-suggest-changes
         if: always()
 
+  test-build-components-splitter:
+    name: Split components for intelligent grouping (40 weighted per batch)
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    needs:
+      - common
+      - determine-jobs
+    if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.component-test-count) > 0
+    outputs:
+      matrix: ${{ steps.split.outputs.components }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out code from GitHub
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
+      - name: Restore Python
+        uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
+          cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
+      - name: Split components intelligently based on bus configurations
+        id: split
+        run: |
+          . venv/bin/activate
+
+          # Use intelligent splitter that groups components with same bus configs
+          components='${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.changed-components-with-tests }}'
+
+          # Only isolate directly changed components when targeting dev branch
+          # For beta/release branches, group everything for faster CI
+          if [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == beta* ]] || [[ "${{ github.base_ref }}" == release* ]]; then
+            directly_changed='[]'
+            echo "Target branch: ${{ github.base_ref }} - grouping all components"
+          else
+            directly_changed='${{ needs.determine-jobs.outputs.directly-changed-components-with-tests }}'
+            echo "Target branch: ${{ github.base_ref }} - isolating directly changed components"
+          fi
+
+          echo "Splitting components intelligently..."
+          output=$(python3 script/split_components_for_ci.py --components "$components" --directly-changed "$directly_changed" --batch-size 40 --output github)
+
+          echo "$output" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
   test-build-components-split:
     name: Test components batch (${{ matrix.components }})
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     needs:
       - common
       - determine-jobs
+      - test-build-components-splitter
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.component-test-count) > 0
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       max-parallel: ${{ (startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') || startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release')) && 8 || 4 }}
       matrix:
-        components: ${{ fromJson(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.component-test-batches) }}
+        components: ${{ fromJson(needs.test-build-components-splitter.outputs.matrix) }}
     steps:
       - name: Show disk space
         run: |
@@ -577,7 +605,7 @@ jobs:
           version: 1.0
 
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
@@ -662,13 +690,13 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event_name == 'pull_request' && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'beta') && !startsWith(github.base_ref, 'release')
     steps:
       - name: Check out code from GitHub
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
-      - uses: esphome/pre-commit-action@43cd1109c09c544d97196f7730ee5b2e0cc6d81e # v3.0.1 fork with pinned actions/cache
+      - uses: esphome/action@43cd1109c09c544d97196f7730ee5b2e0cc6d81e # v3.0.1 fork with pinned actions/cache
         env:
           SKIP: pylint,clang-tidy-hash
       - uses: pre-commit-ci/lite-action@5d6cc0eb514c891a40562a58a8e71576c5c7fb43 # v1.1.0
@@ -688,7 +716,7 @@ jobs:
       skip: ${{ steps.check-script.outputs.skip }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out target branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           ref: ${{ github.base_ref }}
 
@@ -735,7 +763,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Restore cached memory analysis
         id: cache-memory-analysis
         if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true'
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: memory-analysis-target.json
           key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -759,7 +787,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Cache platformio
         if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-memory-${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
@@ -800,7 +828,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Save memory analysis to cache
         if: steps.check-script.outputs.skip != 'true' && steps.cache-memory-analysis.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' && steps.build.outcome == 'success'
-        uses: actions/cache/save@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache/save@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: memory-analysis-target.json
           key: ${{ steps.cache-key.outputs.cache-key }}
@@ -821,7 +849,7 @@ jobs:
           fi
 
       - name: Upload memory analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-target
           path: memory-analysis-target.json
@@ -840,14 +868,14 @@ jobs:
       flash_usage: ${{ steps.extract.outputs.flash_usage }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out PR branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
       - name: Cache platformio
-        uses: actions/cache/restore@9255dc7a253b0ccc959486e2bca901246202afeb # v5.0.1
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@0057852bfaa89a56745cba8c7296529d2fc39830 # v4.3.0
         with:
           path: ~/.platformio
           key: platformio-memory-${{ fromJSON(needs.determine-jobs.outputs.memory_impact).platform }}-${{ hashFiles('platformio.ini') }}
@@ -885,7 +913,7 @@ jobs:
             --platform "$platform"
 
       - name: Upload memory analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-pr
           path: memory-analysis-pr.json
@@ -908,20 +936,20 @@ jobs:
       GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
     steps:
       - name: Check out code
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Restore Python
         uses: ./.github/actions/restore-python
         with:
           python-version: ${{ env.DEFAULT_PYTHON }}
           cache-key: ${{ needs.common.outputs.cache-key }}
       - name: Download target analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-target
           path: ./memory-analysis
         continue-on-error: true
       - name: Download PR analysis JSON
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
         with:
           name: memory-analysis-pr
           path: ./memory-analysis
@@ -952,6 +980,7 @@ jobs:
       - clang-tidy-nosplit
       - clang-tidy-split
       - determine-jobs
+      - test-build-components-splitter
       - test-build-components-split
       - pre-commit-ci-lite
       - memory-impact-target-branch
@@ -959,13 +988,13 @@ jobs:
       - memory-impact-comment
     if: always()
     steps:
-      - name: Check job results
+      - name: Success
+        if: ${{ !(contains(needs.*.result, 'failure')) }}
+        run: exit 0
+      - name: Failure
+        if: ${{ contains(needs.*.result, 'failure') }}
         env:
-          NEEDS_JSON: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}
+          JSON_DOC: ${{ toJSON(needs) }}
         run: |
-          # memory-impact-target-branch is allowed to fail without blocking CI.
-          # This job builds the target branch (dev/beta/release) which may fail because:
-          # 1. The target branch has a build issue independent of this PR
-          # 2. This PR fixes a build issue on the target branch
-          # In either case, we only care that the PR branch builds successfully.
-          echo "$NEEDS_JSON" | jq -e 'del(.["memory-impact-target-branch"]) | all(.result != "failure")'
+          echo $JSON_DOC | jq
+          exit 1

.github/workflows/codeowner-review-request.yml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ permissions:
 jobs:
   request-codeowner-reviews:
     name: Run
-    if: ${{ github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' && !github.event.pull_request.draft }}
+    if: ${{ !github.event.pull_request.draft }}
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Request reviews from component codeowners

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ jobs:
             # your codebase is analyzed, see https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/creating-an-advanced-setup-for-code-scanning/codeql-code-scanning-for-compiled-languages
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@1b168cd39490f61582a9beae412bb7057a6b2c4e # v4.31.8
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@16140ae1a102900babc80a33c44059580f687047 # v4.30.9
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@1b168cd39490f61582a9beae412bb7057a6b2c4e # v4.31.8
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@16140ae1a102900babc80a33c44059580f687047 # v4.30.9
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
       branch_build: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.branch_build }}
       deploy_env: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.deploy_env }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Get tag
         id: tag
         # yamllint disable rule:line-length
@@ -60,9 +60,9 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
       id-token: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.x"
       - name: Build
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ jobs:
             os: "ubuntu-24.04-arm"
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ jobs:
       #     version: ${{ needs.init.outputs.tag }}
 
       - name: Upload digests
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@b7c566a772e6b6bfb58ed0dc250532a479d7789f # v6.0.0
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4.6.2
         with:
           name: digests-${{ matrix.platform.arch }}
           path: /tmp/digests
@@ -168,10 +168,10 @@ jobs:
           - ghcr
           - dockerhub
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+      - uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Download digests
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@37930b1c2abaa49bbe596cd826c3c89aef350131 # v7.0.0
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@634f93cb2916e3fdff6788551b99b062d0335ce0 # v5.0.0
         with:
           pattern: digests-*
           path: /tmp/digests
@@ -219,19 +219,10 @@ jobs:
       - init
       - deploy-manifest
     steps:
-      - name: Generate a token
-        id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@29824e69f54612133e76f7eaac726eef6c875baf # v2.2.1
-        with:
-          app-id: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          owner: esphome
-          repositories: home-assistant-addon
-
       - name: Trigger Workflow
         uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
-          github-token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_HA_ADDON_REPO_TOKEN }}
           script: |
             let description = "ESPHome";
             if (context.eventName == "release") {
@@ -254,19 +245,10 @@ jobs:
     needs: [init]
     environment: ${{ needs.init.outputs.deploy_env }}
     steps:
-      - name: Generate a token
-        id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@29824e69f54612133e76f7eaac726eef6c875baf # v2.2.1
-        with:
-          app-id: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          owner: esphome
-          repositories: esphome-schema
-
       - name: Trigger Workflow
         uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
         with:
-          github-token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
+          github-token: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_ESPHOME_SCHEMA_REPO_TOKEN }}
           script: |
             github.rest.actions.createWorkflowDispatch({
               owner: "esphome",
@@ -277,34 +259,3 @@ jobs:
                 version: "${{ needs.init.outputs.tag }}",
               }
             })
-
-  version-notifier:
-    if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome' && needs.init.outputs.branch_build == 'false'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs:
-      - init
-      - deploy-manifest
-    steps:
-      - name: Generate a token
-        id: generate-token
-        uses: actions/create-github-app-token@29824e69f54612133e76f7eaac726eef6c875baf # v2.2.1
-        with:
-          app-id: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_ID }}
-          private-key: ${{ secrets.ESPHOME_GITHUB_APP_PRIVATE_KEY }}
-          owner: esphome
-          repositories: version-notifier
-
-      - name: Trigger Workflow
-        uses: actions/github-script@ed597411d8f924073f98dfc5c65a23a2325f34cd # v8.0.0
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ steps.generate-token.outputs.token }}
-          script: |
-            github.rest.actions.createWorkflowDispatch({
-              owner: "esphome",
-              repo: "version-notifier",
-              workflow_id: "notify.yml",
-              ref: "main",
-              inputs: {
-                version: "${{ needs.init.outputs.tag }}",
-              }
-            })

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Stale
-        uses: actions/stale@997185467fa4f803885201cee163a9f38240193d # v10.1.1
+        uses: actions/stale@5f858e3efba33a5ca4407a664cc011ad407f2008 # v10.1.0
         with:
           debug-only: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/dev' }} # Dry-run when not run on dev branch
           remove-stale-when-updated: true

.github/workflows/sync-device-classes.yml

@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@ jobs:
     if: github.repository == 'esphome/esphome'
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
 
       - name: Checkout Home Assistant
-        uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v6.0.1
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5.0.0
         with:
           repository: home-assistant/core
           path: lib/home-assistant
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@83679a892e2d95755f2dac6acb0bfd1e9ac5d548 # v6.1.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: 3.13
 
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ jobs:
           python script/run-in-env.py pre-commit run --all-files
 
       - name: Commit changes
-        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@98357b18bf14b5342f975ff684046ec3b2a07725 # v8.0.0
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@271a8d0340265f705b14b6d32b9829c1cb33d45e # v7.0.8
         with:
           commit-message: "Synchronise Device Classes from Home Assistant"
           committer: esphomebot <esphome@openhomefoundation.org>

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ci:
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
     # Ruff version.
-    rev: v0.14.9
+    rev: v0.14.1
     hooks:
       # Run the linter.
       - id: ruff

CODEOWNERS

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ esphome/components/adc128s102/* @DeerMaximum
 esphome/components/addressable_light/* @justfalter
 esphome/components/ade7880/* @kpfleming
 esphome/components/ade7953/* @angelnu
-esphome/components/ade7953_base/* @angelnu
 esphome/components/ade7953_i2c/* @angelnu
 esphome/components/ade7953_spi/* @angelnu
 esphome/components/ads1118/* @solomondg1
@@ -73,7 +72,6 @@ esphome/components/bl0942/* @dbuezas @dwmw2
 esphome/components/ble_client/* @buxtronix @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/ble_nus/* @tomaszduda23
 esphome/components/bluetooth_proxy/* @bdraco @jesserockz
-esphome/components/bm8563/* @abmantis
 esphome/components/bme280_base/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/bme280_spi/* @apbodrov
 esphome/components/bme680_bsec/* @trvrnrth
@@ -97,7 +95,6 @@ esphome/components/camera_encoder/* @DT-art1
 esphome/components/canbus/* @danielschramm @mvturnho
 esphome/components/cap1188/* @mreditor97
 esphome/components/captive_portal/* @esphome/core
-esphome/components/cc1101/* @gabest11 @lygris
 esphome/components/ccs811/* @habbie
 esphome/components/cd74hc4067/* @asoehlke
 esphome/components/ch422g/* @clydebarrow @jesterret
@@ -158,7 +155,6 @@ esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/* @bdraco
 esphome/components/esp32_camera_web_server/* @ayufan
 esphome/components/esp32_can/* @Sympatron
 esphome/components/esp32_hosted/* @swoboda1337
-esphome/components/esp32_hosted/update/* @swoboda1337
 esphome/components/esp32_improv/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp32_rmt/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/esp32_rmt_led_strip/* @jesserockz
@@ -184,14 +180,13 @@ esphome/components/gdk101/* @Szewcson
 esphome/components/gl_r01_i2c/* @pkejval
 esphome/components/globals/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/gp2y1010au0f/* @zry98
-esphome/components/gp8403/* @jesserockz @sebydocky
+esphome/components/gp8403/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/gpio/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/gpio/one_wire/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/gps/* @coogle @ximex
 esphome/components/graph/* @synco
 esphome/components/graphical_display_menu/* @MrMDavidson
 esphome/components/gree/* @orestismers
-esphome/components/gree/switch/* @nagyrobi
 esphome/components/grove_gas_mc_v2/* @YorkshireIoT
 esphome/components/grove_tb6612fng/* @max246
 esphome/components/growatt_solar/* @leeuwte
@@ -206,13 +201,10 @@ esphome/components/havells_solar/* @sourabhjaiswal
 esphome/components/hbridge/fan/* @WeekendWarrior
 esphome/components/hbridge/light/* @DotNetDann
 esphome/components/hbridge/switch/* @dwmw2
-esphome/components/hc8/* @omartijn
 esphome/components/hdc2010/* @optimusprimespace @ssieb
 esphome/components/he60r/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/heatpumpir/* @rob-deutsch
 esphome/components/hitachi_ac424/* @sourabhjaiswal
-esphome/components/hlk_fm22x/* @OnFreund
-esphome/components/hlw8032/* @rici4kubicek
 esphome/components/hm3301/* @freekode
 esphome/components/hmac_md5/* @dwmw2
 esphome/components/homeassistant/* @esphome/core @OttoWinter
@@ -228,7 +220,6 @@ esphome/components/hte501/* @Stock-M
 esphome/components/http_request/ota/* @oarcher
 esphome/components/http_request/update/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/htu31d/* @betterengineering
-esphome/components/hub75/* @stuartparmenter
 esphome/components/hydreon_rgxx/* @functionpointer
 esphome/components/hyt271/* @Philippe12
 esphome/components/i2c/* @esphome/core
@@ -298,7 +289,6 @@ esphome/components/mcp23x17_base/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mcp23xxx_base/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/mcp2515/* @danielschramm @mvturnho
 esphome/components/mcp3204/* @rsumner
-esphome/components/mcp3221/* @philippderdiedas
 esphome/components/mcp4461/* @p1ngb4ck
 esphome/components/mcp4728/* @berfenger
 esphome/components/mcp47a1/* @jesserockz
@@ -308,7 +298,7 @@ esphome/components/md5/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/mdns/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/media_player/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/micro_wake_word/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
-esphome/components/micronova/* @edenhaus @jorre05
+esphome/components/micronova/* @jorre05
 esphome/components/microphone/* @jesserockz @kahrendt
 esphome/components/mics_4514/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/midea/* @dudanov
@@ -403,7 +393,6 @@ esphome/components/rpi_dpi_rgb/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/rtl87xx/* @kuba2k2
 esphome/components/rtttl/* @glmnet
 esphome/components/runtime_stats/* @bdraco
-esphome/components/rx8130/* @beormund
 esphome/components/safe_mode/* @jsuanet @kbx81 @paulmonigatti
 esphome/components/scd4x/* @martgras @sjtrny
 esphome/components/script/* @esphome/core
@@ -467,7 +456,6 @@ esphome/components/st7735/* @SenexCrenshaw
 esphome/components/st7789v/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/st7920/* @marsjan155
 esphome/components/statsd/* @Links2004
-esphome/components/stts22h/* @B48D81EFCC
 esphome/components/substitutions/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/sun/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/sun_gtil2/* @Mat931
@@ -489,10 +477,8 @@ esphome/components/template/datetime/* @rfdarter
 esphome/components/template/event/* @nohat
 esphome/components/template/fan/* @ssieb
 esphome/components/text/* @mauritskorse
-esphome/components/thermopro_ble/* @sittner
 esphome/components/thermostat/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/time/* @esphome/core
-esphome/components/tinyusb/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/tlc5947/* @rnauber
 esphome/components/tlc5971/* @IJIJI
 esphome/components/tm1621/* @Philippe12
@@ -524,7 +510,6 @@ esphome/components/ufire_ise/* @pvizeli
 esphome/components/ultrasonic/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/update/* @jesserockz
 esphome/components/uponor_smatrix/* @kroimon
-esphome/components/usb_cdc_acm/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/usb_host/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/usb_uart/* @clydebarrow
 esphome/components/valve/* @esphome/core

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 We welcome contributions to the ESPHome suite of code and documentation!
 
-Please read our [contributing guide](https://developers.esphome.io/contributing/code/) if you wish to contribute to the
+Please read our [contributing guide](https://esphome.io/guides/contributing.html) if you wish to contribute to the
 project and be sure to join us on [Discord](https://discord.gg/KhAMKrd).
 
 **See also:**

Doxyfile

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ PROJECT_NAME           = ESPHome
 # could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or if some version
 # control system is used.
 
-PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2026.1.0-dev
+PROJECT_NUMBER         = 2025.11.0-dev
 
 # Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
 # for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer a

README.md

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 <a href="https://esphome.io/">
   <picture>
-    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://media.esphome.io/logo/logo-text-on-dark.svg">
-    <img src="https://media.esphome.io/logo/logo-text-on-light.svg" alt="ESPHome Logo">
+    <source media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" srcset="https://esphome.io/_static/logo-text-on-dark.svg", alt="ESPHome Logo">
+    <img src="https://esphome.io/_static/logo-text-on-light.svg" alt="ESPHome Logo">
   </picture>
 </a>
 

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -207,14 +207,14 @@ def choose_upload_log_host(
                     if has_mqtt_logging():
                         resolved.append("MQTT")
 
-                    if has_api() and has_non_ip_address() and has_resolvable_address():
+                    if has_api() and has_non_ip_address():
                         resolved.extend(_resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose))
 
                 elif purpose == Purpose.UPLOADING:
                     if has_ota() and has_mqtt_ip_lookup():
                         resolved.append("MQTTIP")
 
-                    if has_ota() and has_non_ip_address() and has_resolvable_address():
+                    if has_ota() and has_non_ip_address():
                         resolved.extend(_resolve_with_cache(CORE.address, purpose))
             else:
                 resolved.append(device)
@@ -318,17 +318,7 @@ def has_resolvable_address() -> bool:
     """Check if CORE.address is resolvable (via mDNS, DNS, or is an IP address)."""
     # Any address (IP, mDNS hostname, or regular DNS hostname) is resolvable
     # The resolve_ip_address() function in helpers.py handles all types via AsyncResolver
-    if CORE.address is None:
-        return False
-
-    if has_ip_address():
-        return True
-
-    if has_mdns():
-        return True
-
-    # .local mDNS hostnames are only resolvable if mDNS is enabled
-    return not CORE.address.endswith(".local")
+    return CORE.address is not None
 
 
 def mqtt_get_ip(config: ConfigType, username: str, password: str, client_id: str):
@@ -741,13 +731,6 @@ def command_vscode(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
 
 
 def command_compile(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
-    # Set memory analysis options in config
-    if args.analyze_memory:
-        config.setdefault(CONF_ESPHOME, {})["analyze_memory"] = True
-
-    if args.memory_report:
-        config.setdefault(CONF_ESPHOME, {})["memory_report_file"] = args.memory_report
-
     exit_code = write_cpp(config)
     if exit_code != 0:
         return exit_code
@@ -951,7 +934,6 @@ def command_analyze_memory(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     """
     from esphome import platformio_api
     from esphome.analyze_memory.cli import MemoryAnalyzerCLI
-    from esphome.analyze_memory.ram_strings import RamStringsAnalyzer
 
     # Always compile to ensure fresh data (fast if no changes - just relinks)
     exit_code = write_cpp(config)
@@ -974,7 +956,7 @@ def command_analyze_memory(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     external_components = detect_external_components(config)
     _LOGGER.debug("Detected external components: %s", external_components)
 
-    # Perform component memory analysis
+    # Perform memory analysis
     _LOGGER.info("Analyzing memory usage...")
     analyzer = MemoryAnalyzerCLI(
         str(firmware_elf),
@@ -984,28 +966,11 @@ def command_analyze_memory(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int:
     )
     analyzer.analyze()
 
-    # Generate and display component report
+    # Generate and display report
     report = analyzer.generate_report()
     print()
     print(report)
 
-    # Perform RAM strings analysis
-    _LOGGER.info("Analyzing RAM strings...")
-    try:
-        ram_analyzer = RamStringsAnalyzer(
-            str(firmware_elf),
-            objdump_path=idedata.objdump_path,
-            platform=CORE.target_platform,
-        )
-        ram_analyzer.analyze()
-
-        # Generate and display RAM strings report
-        ram_report = ram_analyzer.generate_report()
-        print()
-        print(ram_report)
-    except Exception as e:  # pylint: disable=broad-except
-        _LOGGER.warning("RAM strings analysis failed: %s", e)
-
     return 0
 
 
@@ -1227,17 +1192,6 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         help="Only generate source code, do not compile.",
         action="store_true",
     )
-    parser_compile.add_argument(
-        "--analyze-memory",
-        help="Analyze and display memory usage by component after compilation.",
-        action="store_true",
-    )
-    parser_compile.add_argument(
-        "--memory-report",
-        help="Save memory analysis report to a file (supports .json or .txt).",
-        type=str,
-        metavar="FILE",
-    )
 
     parser_upload = subparsers.add_parser(
         "upload",
@@ -1355,7 +1309,7 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         "clean-all", help="Clean all build and platform files."
     )
     parser_clean_all.add_argument(
-        "configuration", help="Your YAML file or configuration directory.", nargs="*"
+        "configuration", help="Your YAML configuration directory.", nargs="*"
     )
 
     parser_dashboard = subparsers.add_parser(

esphome/analyze_memory/__init__.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from .const import (
     SECTION_TO_ATTR,
     SYMBOL_PATTERNS,
 )
-from .demangle import batch_demangle
 from .helpers import (
     get_component_class_patterns,
     get_esphome_components,
@@ -28,6 +27,15 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+# GCC global constructor/destructor prefix annotations
+_GCC_PREFIX_ANNOTATIONS = {
+    "_GLOBAL__sub_I_": "global constructor for",
+    "_GLOBAL__sub_D_": "global destructor for",
+}
+
+# GCC optimization suffix pattern (e.g., $isra$0, $part$1, $constprop$2)
+_GCC_OPTIMIZATION_SUFFIX_PATTERN = re.compile(r"(\$(?:isra|part|constprop)\$\d+)")
+
 # C++ runtime patterns for categorization
 _CPP_RUNTIME_PATTERNS = frozenset(["vtable", "typeinfo", "thunk"])
 
@@ -304,9 +312,168 @@ class MemoryAnalyzer:
         if not symbols:
             return
 
+        # Try to find the appropriate c++filt for the platform
+        cppfilt_cmd = "c++filt"
+
         _LOGGER.info("Demangling %d symbols", len(symbols))
-        self._demangle_cache = batch_demangle(symbols, objdump_path=self.objdump_path)
-        _LOGGER.info("Successfully demangled %d symbols", len(self._demangle_cache))
+        _LOGGER.debug("objdump_path = %s", self.objdump_path)
+
+        # Check if we have a toolchain-specific c++filt
+        if self.objdump_path and self.objdump_path != "objdump":
+            # Replace objdump with c++filt in the path
+            potential_cppfilt = self.objdump_path.replace("objdump", "c++filt")
+            _LOGGER.info("Checking for toolchain c++filt at: %s", potential_cppfilt)
+            if Path(potential_cppfilt).exists():
+                cppfilt_cmd = potential_cppfilt
+                _LOGGER.info("✓ Using toolchain c++filt: %s", cppfilt_cmd)
+            else:
+                _LOGGER.info(
+                    "✗ Toolchain c++filt not found at %s, using system c++filt",
+                    potential_cppfilt,
+                )
+        else:
+            _LOGGER.info("✗ Using system c++filt (objdump_path=%s)", self.objdump_path)
+
+        # Strip GCC optimization suffixes and prefixes before demangling
+        # Suffixes like $isra$0, $part$0, $constprop$0 confuse c++filt
+        # Prefixes like _GLOBAL__sub_I_ need to be removed and tracked
+        symbols_stripped: list[str] = []
+        symbols_prefixes: list[str] = []  # Track removed prefixes
+        for symbol in symbols:
+            # Remove GCC optimization markers
+            stripped = _GCC_OPTIMIZATION_SUFFIX_PATTERN.sub("", symbol)
+
+            # Handle GCC global constructor/initializer prefixes
+            # _GLOBAL__sub_I_<mangled> -> extract <mangled> for demangling
+            prefix = ""
+            for gcc_prefix in _GCC_PREFIX_ANNOTATIONS:
+                if stripped.startswith(gcc_prefix):
+                    prefix = gcc_prefix
+                    stripped = stripped[len(prefix) :]
+                    break
+
+            symbols_stripped.append(stripped)
+            symbols_prefixes.append(prefix)
+
+        try:
+            # Send all symbols to c++filt at once
+            result = subprocess.run(
+                [cppfilt_cmd],
+                input="\n".join(symbols_stripped),
+                capture_output=True,
+                text=True,
+                check=False,
+            )
+        except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError, UnicodeDecodeError) as e:
+            # On error, cache originals
+            _LOGGER.warning("Failed to batch demangle symbols: %s", e)
+            for symbol in symbols:
+                self._demangle_cache[symbol] = symbol
+            return
+
+        if result.returncode != 0:
+            _LOGGER.warning(
+                "c++filt exited with code %d: %s",
+                result.returncode,
+                result.stderr[:200] if result.stderr else "(no error output)",
+            )
+            # Cache originals on failure
+            for symbol in symbols:
+                self._demangle_cache[symbol] = symbol
+            return
+
+        # Process demangled output
+        self._process_demangled_output(
+            symbols, symbols_stripped, symbols_prefixes, result.stdout, cppfilt_cmd
+        )
+
+    def _process_demangled_output(
+        self,
+        symbols: list[str],
+        symbols_stripped: list[str],
+        symbols_prefixes: list[str],
+        demangled_output: str,
+        cppfilt_cmd: str,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Process demangled symbol output and populate cache.
+
+        Args:
+            symbols: Original symbol names
+            symbols_stripped: Stripped symbol names sent to c++filt
+            symbols_prefixes: Removed prefixes to restore
+            demangled_output: Output from c++filt
+            cppfilt_cmd: Path to c++filt command (for logging)
+        """
+        demangled_lines = demangled_output.strip().split("\n")
+        failed_count = 0
+
+        for original, stripped, prefix, demangled in zip(
+            symbols, symbols_stripped, symbols_prefixes, demangled_lines
+        ):
+            # Add back any prefix that was removed
+            demangled = self._restore_symbol_prefix(prefix, stripped, demangled)
+
+            # If we stripped a suffix, add it back to the demangled name for clarity
+            if original != stripped and not prefix:
+                demangled = self._restore_symbol_suffix(original, demangled)
+
+            self._demangle_cache[original] = demangled
+
+            # Log symbols that failed to demangle (stayed the same as stripped version)
+            if stripped == demangled and stripped.startswith("_Z"):
+                failed_count += 1
+                if failed_count <= 5:  # Only log first 5 failures
+                    _LOGGER.warning("Failed to demangle: %s", original)
+
+        if failed_count == 0:
+            _LOGGER.info("Successfully demangled all %d symbols", len(symbols))
+            return
+
+        _LOGGER.warning(
+            "Failed to demangle %d/%d symbols using %s",
+            failed_count,
+            len(symbols),
+            cppfilt_cmd,
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _restore_symbol_prefix(prefix: str, stripped: str, demangled: str) -> str:
+        """Restore prefix that was removed before demangling.
+
+        Args:
+            prefix: Prefix that was removed (e.g., "_GLOBAL__sub_I_")
+            stripped: Stripped symbol name
+            demangled: Demangled symbol name
+
+        Returns:
+            Demangled name with prefix restored/annotated
+        """
+        if not prefix:
+            return demangled
+
+        # Successfully demangled - add descriptive prefix
+        if demangled != stripped and (
+            annotation := _GCC_PREFIX_ANNOTATIONS.get(prefix)
+        ):
+            return f"[{annotation}: {demangled}]"
+
+        # Failed to demangle - restore original prefix
+        return prefix + demangled
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _restore_symbol_suffix(original: str, demangled: str) -> str:
+        """Restore GCC optimization suffix that was removed before demangling.
+
+        Args:
+            original: Original symbol name with suffix
+            demangled: Demangled symbol name without suffix
+
+        Returns:
+            Demangled name with suffix annotation
+        """
+        if suffix_match := _GCC_OPTIMIZATION_SUFFIX_PATTERN.search(original):
+            return f"{demangled} [{suffix_match.group(1)}]"
+        return demangled
 
     def _demangle_symbol(self, symbol: str) -> str:
         """Get demangled C++ symbol name from cache."""

esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 """CLI interface for memory analysis with report generation."""
 
 from collections import defaultdict
-import json
 import sys
 
 from . import (
@@ -16,11 +15,6 @@ from . import (
 class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
     """Memory analyzer with CLI-specific report generation."""
 
-    # Symbol size threshold for detailed analysis
-    SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD: int = (
-        100  # Show symbols larger than this in detailed analysis
-    )
-
     # Column width constants
     COL_COMPONENT: int = 29
     COL_FLASH_TEXT: int = 14
@@ -197,21 +191,14 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
                     f"{len(symbols):>{self.COL_CORE_COUNT}} | {percentage:>{self.COL_CORE_PERCENT - 1}.1f}%"
                 )
 
-            # All core symbols above threshold
+            # Top 15 largest core symbols
             lines.append("")
+            lines.append(f"Top 15 Largest {_COMPONENT_CORE} Symbols:")
             sorted_core_symbols = sorted(
                 self._esphome_core_symbols, key=lambda x: x[2], reverse=True
             )
-            large_core_symbols = [
-                (symbol, demangled, size)
-                for symbol, demangled, size in sorted_core_symbols
-                if size > self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD
-            ]
 
-            lines.append(
-                f"{_COMPONENT_CORE} Symbols > {self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD} B ({len(large_core_symbols)} symbols):"
-            )
-            for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(large_core_symbols):
+            for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(sorted_core_symbols[:15]):
                 lines.append(f"{i + 1}. {demangled} ({size:,} B)")
 
             lines.append("=" * self.TABLE_WIDTH)
@@ -281,15 +268,13 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
                 lines.append(f"Total size: {comp_mem.flash_total:,} B")
                 lines.append("")
 
-                # Show all symbols above threshold for better visibility
+                # Show all symbols > 100 bytes for better visibility
                 large_symbols = [
-                    (sym, dem, size)
-                    for sym, dem, size in sorted_symbols
-                    if size > self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD
+                    (sym, dem, size) for sym, dem, size in sorted_symbols if size > 100
                 ]
 
                 lines.append(
-                    f"{comp_name} Symbols > {self.SYMBOL_SIZE_THRESHOLD} B ({len(large_symbols)} symbols):"
+                    f"{comp_name} Symbols > 100 B ({len(large_symbols)} symbols):"
                 )
                 for i, (symbol, demangled, size) in enumerate(large_symbols):
                     lines.append(f"{i + 1}. {demangled} ({size:,} B)")
@@ -298,28 +283,6 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
 
         return "\n".join(lines)
 
-    def to_json(self) -> str:
-        """Export analysis results as JSON."""
-        data = {
-            "components": {
-                name: {
-                    "text": mem.text_size,
-                    "rodata": mem.rodata_size,
-                    "data": mem.data_size,
-                    "bss": mem.bss_size,
-                    "flash_total": mem.flash_total,
-                    "ram_total": mem.ram_total,
-                    "symbol_count": mem.symbol_count,
-                }
-                for name, mem in self.components.items()
-            },
-            "totals": {
-                "flash": sum(c.flash_total for c in self.components.values()),
-                "ram": sum(c.ram_total for c in self.components.values()),
-            },
-        }
-        return json.dumps(data, indent=2)
-
     def dump_uncategorized_symbols(self, output_file: str | None = None) -> None:
         """Dump uncategorized symbols for analysis."""
         # Sort by size descending

esphome/analyze_memory/demangle.py

@@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
-"""Symbol demangling utilities for memory analysis.
-
-This module provides functions for demangling C++ symbol names using c++filt.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import logging
-import re
-import subprocess
-
-from .toolchain import find_tool
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# GCC global constructor/destructor prefix annotations
-GCC_PREFIX_ANNOTATIONS = {
-    "_GLOBAL__sub_I_": "global constructor for",
-    "_GLOBAL__sub_D_": "global destructor for",
-}
-
-# GCC optimization suffix pattern (e.g., $isra$0, $part$1, $constprop$2)
-GCC_OPTIMIZATION_SUFFIX_PATTERN = re.compile(r"(\$(?:isra|part|constprop)\$\d+)")
-
-
-def _strip_gcc_annotations(symbol: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
-    """Strip GCC optimization suffixes and prefixes from a symbol.
-
-    Args:
-        symbol: The mangled symbol name
-
-    Returns:
-        Tuple of (stripped_symbol, removed_prefix)
-    """
-    # Remove GCC optimization markers
-    stripped = GCC_OPTIMIZATION_SUFFIX_PATTERN.sub("", symbol)
-
-    # Handle GCC global constructor/initializer prefixes
-    prefix = ""
-    for gcc_prefix in GCC_PREFIX_ANNOTATIONS:
-        if stripped.startswith(gcc_prefix):
-            prefix = gcc_prefix
-            stripped = stripped[len(prefix) :]
-            break
-
-    return stripped, prefix
-
-
-def _restore_symbol_prefix(prefix: str, stripped: str, demangled: str) -> str:
-    """Restore prefix that was removed before demangling.
-
-    Args:
-        prefix: Prefix that was removed (e.g., "_GLOBAL__sub_I_")
-        stripped: Stripped symbol name
-        demangled: Demangled symbol name
-
-    Returns:
-        Demangled name with prefix restored/annotated
-    """
-    if not prefix:
-        return demangled
-
-    # Successfully demangled - add descriptive prefix
-    if demangled != stripped and (annotation := GCC_PREFIX_ANNOTATIONS.get(prefix)):
-        return f"[{annotation}: {demangled}]"
-
-    # Failed to demangle - restore original prefix
-    return prefix + demangled
-
-
-def _restore_symbol_suffix(original: str, demangled: str) -> str:
-    """Restore GCC optimization suffix that was removed before demangling.
-
-    Args:
-        original: Original symbol name with suffix
-        demangled: Demangled symbol name without suffix
-
-    Returns:
-        Demangled name with suffix annotation
-    """
-    if suffix_match := GCC_OPTIMIZATION_SUFFIX_PATTERN.search(original):
-        return f"{demangled} [{suffix_match.group(1)}]"
-    return demangled
-
-
-def batch_demangle(
-    symbols: list[str],
-    cppfilt_path: str | None = None,
-    objdump_path: str | None = None,
-) -> dict[str, str]:
-    """Batch demangle C++ symbol names.
-
-    Args:
-        symbols: List of symbol names to demangle
-        cppfilt_path: Path to c++filt binary (auto-detected if not provided)
-        objdump_path: Path to objdump binary to derive c++filt path from
-
-    Returns:
-        Dictionary mapping original symbol names to demangled names
-    """
-    cache: dict[str, str] = {}
-
-    if not symbols:
-        return cache
-
-    # Find c++filt tool
-    cppfilt_cmd = cppfilt_path or find_tool("c++filt", objdump_path)
-    if not cppfilt_cmd:
-        _LOGGER.warning("Could not find c++filt, symbols will not be demangled")
-        return {s: s for s in symbols}
-
-    _LOGGER.debug("Demangling %d symbols using %s", len(symbols), cppfilt_cmd)
-
-    # Strip GCC optimization suffixes and prefixes before demangling
-    symbols_stripped: list[str] = []
-    symbols_prefixes: list[str] = []
-    for symbol in symbols:
-        stripped, prefix = _strip_gcc_annotations(symbol)
-        symbols_stripped.append(stripped)
-        symbols_prefixes.append(prefix)
-
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            [cppfilt_cmd],
-            input="\n".join(symbols_stripped),
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-            check=False,
-        )
-    except (subprocess.SubprocessError, OSError, UnicodeDecodeError) as e:
-        _LOGGER.warning("Failed to batch demangle symbols: %s", e)
-        return {s: s for s in symbols}
-
-    if result.returncode != 0:
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            "c++filt exited with code %d: %s",
-            result.returncode,
-            result.stderr[:200] if result.stderr else "(no error output)",
-        )
-        return {s: s for s in symbols}
-
-    # Process demangled output
-    demangled_lines = result.stdout.strip().split("\n")
-
-    # Check for output length mismatch
-    if len(demangled_lines) != len(symbols):
-        _LOGGER.warning(
-            "c++filt output mismatch: expected %d lines, got %d",
-            len(symbols),
-            len(demangled_lines),
-        )
-        return {s: s for s in symbols}
-
-    failed_count = 0
-
-    for original, stripped, prefix, demangled in zip(
-        symbols, symbols_stripped, symbols_prefixes, demangled_lines
-    ):
-        # Add back any prefix that was removed
-        demangled = _restore_symbol_prefix(prefix, stripped, demangled)
-
-        # If we stripped a suffix, add it back to the demangled name for clarity
-        if original != stripped and not prefix:
-            demangled = _restore_symbol_suffix(original, demangled)
-
-        cache[original] = demangled
-
-        # Count symbols that failed to demangle
-        if stripped == demangled and stripped.startswith("_Z"):
-            failed_count += 1
-            if failed_count <= 5:
-                _LOGGER.debug("Failed to demangle: %s", original)
-
-    if failed_count > 0:
-        _LOGGER.debug(
-            "Failed to demangle %d/%d symbols using %s",
-            failed_count,
-            len(symbols),
-            cppfilt_cmd,
-        )
-
-    return cache

esphome/analyze_memory/ram_strings.py

@@ -1,493 +0,0 @@
-"""Analyzer for RAM-stored strings in ESP8266/ESP32 firmware ELF files.
-
-This module identifies strings that are stored in RAM sections (.data, .bss, .rodata)
-rather than in flash sections (.irom0.text, .irom.text), which is important for
-memory-constrained platforms like ESP8266.
-"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-from collections import defaultdict
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-import logging
-from pathlib import Path
-import re
-import subprocess
-
-from .demangle import batch_demangle
-from .toolchain import find_tool
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# ESP8266: .rodata is in RAM (DRAM), not flash
-# ESP32: .rodata is in flash, mapped to data bus
-ESP8266_RAM_SECTIONS = frozenset([".data", ".rodata", ".bss"])
-ESP8266_FLASH_SECTIONS = frozenset([".irom0.text", ".irom.text", ".text"])
-
-# ESP32: .rodata is memory-mapped from flash
-ESP32_RAM_SECTIONS = frozenset([".data", ".bss", ".dram0.data", ".dram0.bss"])
-ESP32_FLASH_SECTIONS = frozenset([".text", ".rodata", ".flash.text", ".flash.rodata"])
-
-# nm symbol types for data symbols (D=global data, d=local data, R=rodata, B=bss)
-DATA_SYMBOL_TYPES = frozenset(["D", "d", "R", "r", "B", "b"])
-
-
-@dataclass
-class SectionInfo:
-    """Information about an ELF section."""
-
-    name: str
-    address: int
-    size: int
-
-
-@dataclass
-class RamString:
-    """A string found in RAM."""
-
-    section: str
-    address: int
-    content: str
-
-    @property
-    def size(self) -> int:
-        """Size in bytes including null terminator."""
-        return len(self.content) + 1
-
-
-@dataclass
-class RamSymbol:
-    """A symbol found in RAM."""
-
-    name: str
-    sym_type: str
-    address: int
-    size: int
-    section: str
-    demangled: str = ""  # Demangled name, set after batch demangling
-
-
-class RamStringsAnalyzer:
-    """Analyzes ELF files to find strings stored in RAM."""
-
-    def __init__(
-        self,
-        elf_path: str,
-        objdump_path: str | None = None,
-        min_length: int = 8,
-        platform: str = "esp32",
-    ) -> None:
-        """Initialize the RAM strings analyzer.
-
-        Args:
-            elf_path: Path to the ELF file to analyze
-            objdump_path: Path to objdump binary (used to find other tools)
-            min_length: Minimum string length to report (default: 8)
-            platform: Platform name ("esp8266", "esp32", etc.) for section mapping
-        """
-        self.elf_path = Path(elf_path)
-        if not self.elf_path.exists():
-            raise FileNotFoundError(f"ELF file not found: {elf_path}")
-
-        self.objdump_path = objdump_path
-        self.min_length = min_length
-        self.platform = platform
-
-        # Set RAM/flash sections based on platform
-        if self.platform == "esp8266":
-            self.ram_sections = ESP8266_RAM_SECTIONS
-            self.flash_sections = ESP8266_FLASH_SECTIONS
-        else:
-            # ESP32 and other platforms
-            self.ram_sections = ESP32_RAM_SECTIONS
-            self.flash_sections = ESP32_FLASH_SECTIONS
-
-        self.sections: dict[str, SectionInfo] = {}
-        self.ram_strings: list[RamString] = []
-        self.ram_symbols: list[RamSymbol] = []
-
-    def _run_command(self, cmd: list[str]) -> str:
-        """Run a command and return its output."""
-        try:
-            result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
-            return result.stdout
-        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
-            _LOGGER.debug("Command failed: %s - %s", " ".join(cmd), e.stderr)
-            raise
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            _LOGGER.warning("Command not found: %s", cmd[0])
-            raise
-
-    def analyze(self) -> None:
-        """Perform the full RAM analysis."""
-        self._parse_sections()
-        self._extract_strings()
-        self._analyze_symbols()
-        self._demangle_symbols()
-
-    def _parse_sections(self) -> None:
-        """Parse section headers from ELF file."""
-        objdump = find_tool("objdump", self.objdump_path)
-        if not objdump:
-            _LOGGER.error("Could not find objdump command")
-            return
-
-        try:
-            output = self._run_command([objdump, "-h", str(self.elf_path)])
-        except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError):
-            return
-
-        # Parse section headers
-        # Format: Idx Name          Size      VMA       LMA       File off  Algn
-        section_pattern = re.compile(
-            r"^\s*\d+\s+(\S+)\s+([0-9a-fA-F]+)\s+([0-9a-fA-F]+)"
-        )
-
-        for line in output.split("\n"):
-            if match := section_pattern.match(line):
-                name = match.group(1)
-                size = int(match.group(2), 16)
-                vma = int(match.group(3), 16)
-                self.sections[name] = SectionInfo(name, vma, size)
-
-    def _extract_strings(self) -> None:
-        """Extract strings from RAM sections."""
-        objdump = find_tool("objdump", self.objdump_path)
-        if not objdump:
-            return
-
-        for section_name in self.ram_sections:
-            if section_name not in self.sections:
-                continue
-
-            try:
-                output = self._run_command(
-                    [objdump, "-s", "-j", section_name, str(self.elf_path)]
-                )
-            except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-                # Section may exist but have no content (e.g., .bss)
-                continue
-            except FileNotFoundError:
-                continue
-
-            strings = self._parse_hex_dump(output, section_name)
-            self.ram_strings.extend(strings)
-
-    def _parse_hex_dump(self, output: str, section_name: str) -> list[RamString]:
-        """Parse hex dump output to extract strings.
-
-        Args:
-            output: Output from objdump -s
-            section_name: Name of the section being parsed
-
-        Returns:
-            List of RamString objects
-        """
-        strings: list[RamString] = []
-        current_string = bytearray()
-        string_start_addr = 0
-
-        for line in output.split("\n"):
-            # Lines look like: " 3ffef8a0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000  ................"
-            match = re.match(r"^\s+([0-9a-fA-F]+)\s+((?:[0-9a-fA-F]{2,8}\s*)+)", line)
-            if not match:
-                continue
-
-            addr = int(match.group(1), 16)
-            hex_data = match.group(2).strip()
-
-            # Convert hex to bytes
-            hex_bytes = hex_data.split()
-            byte_offset = 0
-            for hex_chunk in hex_bytes:
-                # Handle both byte-by-byte and word formats
-                for i in range(0, len(hex_chunk), 2):
-                    byte_val = int(hex_chunk[i : i + 2], 16)
-                    if 0x20 <= byte_val <= 0x7E:  # Printable ASCII
-                        if not current_string:
-                            string_start_addr = addr + byte_offset
-                        current_string.append(byte_val)
-                    else:
-                        if byte_val == 0 and len(current_string) >= self.min_length:
-                            # Found null terminator
-                            strings.append(
-                                RamString(
-                                    section=section_name,
-                                    address=string_start_addr,
-                                    content=current_string.decode(
-                                        "ascii", errors="ignore"
-                                    ),
-                                )
-                            )
-                        current_string = bytearray()
-                    byte_offset += 1
-
-        return strings
-
-    def _analyze_symbols(self) -> None:
-        """Analyze symbols in RAM sections."""
-        nm = find_tool("nm", self.objdump_path)
-        if not nm:
-            return
-
-        try:
-            output = self._run_command([nm, "-S", "--size-sort", str(self.elf_path)])
-        except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError):
-            return
-
-        for line in output.split("\n"):
-            parts = line.split()
-            if len(parts) < 4:
-                continue
-
-            try:
-                addr = int(parts[0], 16)
-                size = int(parts[1], 16) if parts[1] != "?" else 0
-            except ValueError:
-                continue
-
-            sym_type = parts[2]
-            name = " ".join(parts[3:])
-
-            # Filter for data symbols
-            if sym_type not in DATA_SYMBOL_TYPES:
-                continue
-
-            # Check if symbol is in a RAM section
-            for section_name in self.ram_sections:
-                if section_name not in self.sections:
-                    continue
-
-                section = self.sections[section_name]
-                if section.address <= addr < section.address + section.size:
-                    self.ram_symbols.append(
-                        RamSymbol(
-                            name=name,
-                            sym_type=sym_type,
-                            address=addr,
-                            size=size,
-                            section=section_name,
-                        )
-                    )
-                    break
-
-    def _demangle_symbols(self) -> None:
-        """Batch demangle all RAM symbol names."""
-        if not self.ram_symbols:
-            return
-
-        # Collect all symbol names and demangle them
-        symbol_names = [s.name for s in self.ram_symbols]
-        demangle_cache = batch_demangle(symbol_names, objdump_path=self.objdump_path)
-
-        # Assign demangled names to symbols
-        for symbol in self.ram_symbols:
-            symbol.demangled = demangle_cache.get(symbol.name, symbol.name)
-
-    def _get_sections_size(self, section_names: frozenset[str]) -> int:
-        """Get total size of specified sections."""
-        return sum(
-            section.size
-            for name, section in self.sections.items()
-            if name in section_names
-        )
-
-    def get_total_ram_usage(self) -> int:
-        """Get total RAM usage from RAM sections."""
-        return self._get_sections_size(self.ram_sections)
-
-    def get_total_flash_usage(self) -> int:
-        """Get total flash usage from flash sections."""
-        return self._get_sections_size(self.flash_sections)
-
-    def get_total_string_bytes(self) -> int:
-        """Get total bytes used by strings in RAM."""
-        return sum(s.size for s in self.ram_strings)
-
-    def get_repeated_strings(self) -> list[tuple[str, int]]:
-        """Find strings that appear multiple times.
-
-        Returns:
-            List of (string, count) tuples sorted by potential savings
-        """
-        string_counts: dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)
-        for ram_string in self.ram_strings:
-            string_counts[ram_string.content] += 1
-
-        return sorted(
-            [(s, c) for s, c in string_counts.items() if c > 1],
-            key=lambda x: x[1] * (len(x[0]) + 1),
-            reverse=True,
-        )
-
-    def get_long_strings(self, min_len: int = 20) -> list[RamString]:
-        """Get strings longer than the specified length.
-
-        Args:
-            min_len: Minimum string length
-
-        Returns:
-            List of RamString objects sorted by length
-        """
-        return sorted(
-            [s for s in self.ram_strings if len(s.content) >= min_len],
-            key=lambda x: len(x.content),
-            reverse=True,
-        )
-
-    def get_largest_symbols(self, min_size: int = 100) -> list[RamSymbol]:
-        """Get RAM symbols larger than the specified size.
-
-        Args:
-            min_size: Minimum symbol size in bytes
-
-        Returns:
-            List of RamSymbol objects sorted by size
-        """
-        return sorted(
-            [s for s in self.ram_symbols if s.size >= min_size],
-            key=lambda x: x.size,
-            reverse=True,
-        )
-
-    def generate_report(self, show_all_sections: bool = False) -> str:
-        """Generate a formatted RAM strings analysis report.
-
-        Args:
-            show_all_sections: If True, show all sections, not just RAM
-
-        Returns:
-            Formatted report string
-        """
-        lines: list[str] = []
-        table_width = 80
-
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-        lines.append(
-            f"RAM Strings Analysis ({self.platform.upper()})".center(table_width)
-        )
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-        lines.append("")
-
-        # Section Analysis
-        lines.append("SECTION ANALYSIS")
-        lines.append("-" * table_width)
-        lines.append(f"{'Section':<20} {'Address':<12} {'Size':<12} {'Location'}")
-        lines.append("-" * table_width)
-
-        total_ram_usage = 0
-        total_flash_usage = 0
-
-        for name, section in sorted(self.sections.items(), key=lambda x: x[1].address):
-            if name in self.ram_sections:
-                location = "RAM"
-                total_ram_usage += section.size
-            elif name in self.flash_sections:
-                location = "FLASH"
-                total_flash_usage += section.size
-            else:
-                location = "OTHER"
-
-            if show_all_sections or name in self.ram_sections:
-                lines.append(
-                    f"{name:<20} 0x{section.address:08x}   {section.size:>8} B   {location}"
-                )
-
-        lines.append("-" * table_width)
-        lines.append(f"Total RAM sections size: {total_ram_usage:,} bytes")
-        lines.append(f"Total Flash sections size: {total_flash_usage:,} bytes")
-
-        # Strings in RAM
-        lines.append("")
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-        lines.append("STRINGS IN RAM SECTIONS")
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-        lines.append(
-            "Note: .bss sections contain uninitialized data (no strings to extract)"
-        )
-
-        # Group strings by section
-        strings_by_section: dict[str, list[RamString]] = defaultdict(list)
-        for ram_string in self.ram_strings:
-            strings_by_section[ram_string.section].append(ram_string)
-
-        for section_name in sorted(strings_by_section.keys()):
-            section_strings = strings_by_section[section_name]
-            lines.append(f"\nSection: {section_name}")
-            lines.append("-" * 40)
-            for ram_string in sorted(section_strings, key=lambda x: x.address):
-                clean_string = ram_string.content[:100] + (
-                    "..." if len(ram_string.content) > 100 else ""
-                )
-                lines.append(
-                    f'  0x{ram_string.address:08x}: "{clean_string}" (len={len(ram_string.content)})'
-                )
-
-        # Large RAM symbols
-        lines.append("")
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-        lines.append("LARGE DATA SYMBOLS IN RAM (>= 50 bytes)")
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-
-        largest_symbols = self.get_largest_symbols(50)
-        lines.append(f"\n{'Symbol':<50} {'Type':<6} {'Size':<10} {'Section'}")
-        lines.append("-" * table_width)
-
-        for symbol in largest_symbols:
-            # Use demangled name if available, otherwise raw name
-            display_name = symbol.demangled or symbol.name
-            name_display = display_name[:49] if len(display_name) > 49 else display_name
-            lines.append(
-                f"{name_display:<50} {symbol.sym_type:<6} {symbol.size:>8} B  {symbol.section}"
-            )
-
-        # Summary
-        lines.append("")
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-        lines.append("SUMMARY")
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-        lines.append(f"Total strings found in RAM: {len(self.ram_strings)}")
-        total_string_bytes = self.get_total_string_bytes()
-        lines.append(f"Total bytes used by strings: {total_string_bytes:,}")
-
-        # Optimization targets
-        lines.append("")
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-        lines.append("POTENTIAL OPTIMIZATION TARGETS")
-        lines.append("=" * table_width)
-
-        # Repeated strings
-        repeated = self.get_repeated_strings()[:10]
-        if repeated:
-            lines.append("\nRepeated strings (could be deduplicated):")
-            for string, count in repeated:
-                savings = (count - 1) * (len(string) + 1)
-                clean_string = string[:50] + ("..." if len(string) > 50 else "")
-                lines.append(
-                    f'  "{clean_string}" - appears {count} times (potential savings: {savings} bytes)'
-                )
-
-        # Long strings - platform-specific advice
-        long_strings = self.get_long_strings(20)[:10]
-        if long_strings:
-            if self.platform == "esp8266":
-                lines.append(
-                    "\nLong strings that could be moved to PROGMEM (>= 20 chars):"
-                )
-            else:
-                # ESP32: strings in DRAM are typically there for a reason
-                # (interrupt handlers, pre-flash-init code, etc.)
-                lines.append("\nLong strings in DRAM (>= 20 chars):")
-                lines.append(
-                    "Note: ESP32 DRAM strings may be required for interrupt/early-boot contexts"
-                )
-            for ram_string in long_strings:
-                clean_string = ram_string.content[:60] + (
-                    "..." if len(ram_string.content) > 60 else ""
-                )
-                lines.append(
-                    f'  {ram_string.section} @ 0x{ram_string.address:08x}: "{clean_string}" ({len(ram_string.content)} bytes)'
-                )
-
-        lines.append("")
-        return "\n".join(lines)

esphome/analyze_memory/toolchain.py

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-"""Toolchain utilities for memory analysis."""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import logging
-from pathlib import Path
-import subprocess
-
-_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-# Platform-specific toolchain prefixes
-TOOLCHAIN_PREFIXES = [
-    "xtensa-lx106-elf-",  # ESP8266
-    "xtensa-esp32-elf-",  # ESP32
-    "xtensa-esp-elf-",  # ESP32 (newer IDF)
-    "",  # System default (no prefix)
-]
-
-
-def find_tool(
-    tool_name: str,
-    objdump_path: str | None = None,
-) -> str | None:
-    """Find a toolchain tool by name.
-
-    First tries to derive the tool path from objdump_path (if provided),
-    then falls back to searching for platform-specific tools.
-
-    Args:
-        tool_name: Name of the tool (e.g., "objdump", "nm", "c++filt")
-        objdump_path: Path to objdump binary to derive other tool paths from
-
-    Returns:
-        Path to the tool or None if not found
-    """
-    # Try to derive from objdump path first (most reliable)
-    if objdump_path and objdump_path != "objdump":
-        objdump_file = Path(objdump_path)
-        # Replace just the filename portion, preserving any prefix (e.g., xtensa-esp32-elf-)
-        new_name = objdump_file.name.replace("objdump", tool_name)
-        potential_path = str(objdump_file.with_name(new_name))
-        if Path(potential_path).exists():
-            _LOGGER.debug("Found %s at: %s", tool_name, potential_path)
-            return potential_path
-
-    # Try platform-specific tools
-    for prefix in TOOLCHAIN_PREFIXES:
-        cmd = f"{prefix}{tool_name}"
-        try:
-            subprocess.run([cmd, "--version"], capture_output=True, check=True)
-            _LOGGER.debug("Found %s: %s", tool_name, cmd)
-            return cmd
-        except (subprocess.CalledProcessError, FileNotFoundError):
-            continue
-
-    _LOGGER.warning("Could not find %s tool", tool_name)
-    return None

esphome/automation.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TYPE_ID,
     CONF_UPDATE_INTERVAL,
 )
-from esphome.core import ID, Lambda
+from esphome.core import ID
 from esphome.cpp_generator import (
     LambdaExpression,
     MockObj,
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def validate_automation(extra_schema=None, extra_validators=None, single=False):
             value = cv.Schema([extra_validators])(value)
         if single:
             if len(value) != 1:
-                raise cv.Invalid("This trigger allows only a single automation")
+                raise cv.Invalid("Cannot have more than 1 automation for templates")
             return value[0]
         return value
 
@@ -310,30 +310,6 @@ async def for_condition_to_code(
     return var
 
 
-@register_condition(
-    "component.is_idle",
-    LambdaCondition,
-    maybe_simple_id(
-        {
-            cv.Required(CONF_ID): cv.use_id(cg.Component),
-        }
-    ),
-)
-async def component_is_idle_condition_to_code(
-    config: ConfigType,
-    condition_id: ID,
-    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
-    args: TemplateArgsType,
-) -> MockObj:
-    comp = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(
-        Lambda(f"return {comp}->is_idle();"), args, return_type=bool
-    )
-    return new_lambda_pvariable(
-        condition_id, lambda_, StatelessLambdaCondition, template_arg
-    )
-
-
 @register_action(
     "delay", DelayAction, cv.templatable(cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds)
 )

esphome/components/absolute_humidity/absolute_humidity.cpp

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ void AbsoluteHumidityComponent::loop() {
       break;
     default:
       this->publish_state(NAN);
-      this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Invalid saturation vapor pressure equation selection!"));
+      this->status_set_error("Invalid saturation vapor pressure equation selection!");
       return;
   }
   ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Saturation vapor pressure %f kPa", es);
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ float AbsoluteHumidityComponent::es_wobus(float t) {
 }
 
 // From https://www.environmentalbiophysics.org/chalk-talk-how-to-calculate-absolute-humidity/
-// H/T to https://esphome.io/cookbook/bme280_environment/
+// H/T to https://esphome.io/cookbook/bme280_environment.html
 // H/T to https://carnotcycle.wordpress.com/2012/08/04/how-to-convert-relative-humidity-to-absolute-humidity/
 float AbsoluteHumidityComponent::vapor_density(float es, float hr, float ta) {
   // es = saturated vapor pressure (kPa)

esphome/components/adc/__init__.py

@@ -1,17 +1,15 @@
 from esphome import pins
 import esphome.codegen as cg
-from esphome.components.esp32 import (
+from esphome.components.esp32 import VARIANT_ESP32P4, get_esp32_variant
+from esphome.components.esp32.const import (
     VARIANT_ESP32,
     VARIANT_ESP32C2,
     VARIANT_ESP32C3,
     VARIANT_ESP32C5,
     VARIANT_ESP32C6,
-    VARIANT_ESP32C61,
     VARIANT_ESP32H2,
-    VARIANT_ESP32P4,
     VARIANT_ESP32S2,
     VARIANT_ESP32S3,
-    get_esp32_variant,
 )
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import CONF_ANALOG, CONF_INPUT, CONF_NUMBER, PLATFORM_ESP8266
@@ -101,13 +99,6 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC1_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         5: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
         6: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_6,
     },
-    # https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32c61/api-reference/peripherals/gpio.html
-    VARIANT_ESP32C61: {
-        1: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
-        3: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
-        4: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
-        5: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
-    },
     # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32h2/include/soc/adc_channel.h
     VARIANT_ESP32H2: {
         1: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
@@ -116,17 +107,6 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC1_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         4: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
         5: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
     },
-    # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32p4/include/soc/adc_channel.h
-    VARIANT_ESP32P4: {
-        16: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
-        17: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
-        18: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
-        19: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
-        20: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
-        21: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
-        22: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_6,
-        23: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_7,
-    },
     # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32s2/include/soc/adc_channel.h
     VARIANT_ESP32S2: {
         1: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
@@ -153,6 +133,16 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC1_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         9: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_8,
         10: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_9,
     },
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: {
+        16: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
+        17: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
+        18: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
+        19: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
+        20: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
+        21: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
+        22: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_6,
+        23: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_7,
+    },
 }
 
 # pin to adc2 channel mapping
@@ -183,19 +173,8 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC2_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
     VARIANT_ESP32C5: {},  # no ADC2
     # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32c6/include/soc/adc_channel.h
     VARIANT_ESP32C6: {},  # no ADC2
-    # ESP32-C61 has no ADC2
-    VARIANT_ESP32C61: {},  # no ADC2
     # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32h2/include/soc/adc_channel.h
     VARIANT_ESP32H2: {},  # no ADC2
-    # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32p4/include/soc/adc_channel.h
-    VARIANT_ESP32P4: {
-        49: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
-        50: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
-        51: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
-        52: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
-        53: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
-        54: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
-    },
     # https://github.com/espressif/esp-idf/blob/master/components/soc/esp32s2/include/soc/adc_channel.h
     VARIANT_ESP32S2: {
         11: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
@@ -222,6 +201,14 @@ ESP32_VARIANT_ADC2_PIN_TO_CHANNEL = {
         19: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_8,
         20: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_9,
     },
+    VARIANT_ESP32P4: {
+        49: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_0,
+        50: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_1,
+        51: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_2,
+        52: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_3,
+        53: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_4,
+        54: adc_channel_t.ADC_CHANNEL_5,
+    },
 }
 
 

esphome/components/adc/adc_sensor_esp32.cpp

@@ -42,11 +42,10 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
     adc_oneshot_unit_init_cfg_t init_config = {};  // Zero initialize
     init_config.unit_id = this->adc_unit_;
     init_config.ulp_mode = ADC_ULP_MODE_DISABLE;
-#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
+#if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
     init_config.clk_src = ADC_DIGI_CLK_SRC_DEFAULT;
 #endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 ||
-        // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
+        // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2
     esp_err_t err = adc_oneshot_new_unit(&init_config, &ADCSensor::shared_adc_handles[this->adc_unit_]);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Error initializing %s: %d", LOG_STR_ARG(adc_unit_to_str(this->adc_unit_)), err);
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
     adc_cali_handle_t handle = nullptr;
 
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
     // RISC-V variants and S3 use curve fitting calibration
     adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {};  // Zero initialize first
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ void ADCSensor::setup() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Line fitting calibration failed with error %d, will use uncalibrated readings", err);
       this->setup_flags_.calibration_complete = false;
     }
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || ESP32C5 || ESP32C6 || ESP32C61 || ESP32H2 || ESP32P4 || ESP32S3
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || ESP32C5 || ESP32C6 || ESP32S3 || ESP32H2
   }
 
   this->setup_flags_.init_complete = true;
@@ -187,11 +186,11 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_fixed_attenuation_() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ADC calibration conversion failed with error %d, disabling calibration", err);
       if (this->calibration_handle_ != nullptr) {
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
 #else   // Other ESP32 variants use line fitting calibration
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
-#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || ESP32C5 || ESP32C6 || ESP32C61 || ESP32H2 || ESP32P4 || ESP32S3
+#endif  // USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || ESP32C5 || ESP32C6 || ESP32S3 || ESP32H2
         this->calibration_handle_ = nullptr;
       }
     }
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     if (this->calibration_handle_ != nullptr) {
       // Delete old calibration handle
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
 #else
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(this->calibration_handle_);
@@ -232,7 +231,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
     adc_cali_handle_t handle = nullptr;
 
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
     adc_cali_curve_fitting_config_t cali_config = {};
 #if ESP_IDF_VERSION >= ESP_IDF_VERSION_VAL(5, 3, 0)
     cali_config.chan = this->channel_;
@@ -267,7 +266,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "ADC read failed in autorange with error %d", err);
       if (handle != nullptr) {
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(handle);
 #else
         adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(handle);
@@ -289,7 +288,7 @@ float ADCSensor::sample_autorange_() {
       }
       // Clean up calibration handle
 #if USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6 || \
-    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3
+    USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2 || USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_curve_fitting(handle);
 #else
       adc_cali_delete_scheme_line_fitting(handle);

esphome/components/ade7953_base/__init__.py

@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     UNIT_WATT,
 )
 
-CODEOWNERS = ["@angelnu"]
-
 CONF_CURRENT_A = "current_a"
 CONF_CURRENT_B = "current_b"
 CONF_ACTIVE_POWER_A = "active_power_a"

esphome/components/ade7953_base/ade7953_base.cpp

@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ void ADE7953::setup() {
     this->ade_write_8(PGA_V_8, pga_v_);
     this->ade_write_8(PGA_IA_8, pga_ia_);
     this->ade_write_8(PGA_IB_8, pga_ib_);
-    this->ade_write_32(AVGAIN_32, avgain_);
-    this->ade_write_32(BVGAIN_32, bvgain_);
+    this->ade_write_32(AVGAIN_32, vgain_);
     this->ade_write_32(AIGAIN_32, aigain_);
     this->ade_write_32(BIGAIN_32, bigain_);
     this->ade_write_32(AWGAIN_32, awgain_);
@@ -35,8 +34,7 @@ void ADE7953::setup() {
     this->ade_read_8(PGA_V_8, &pga_v_);
     this->ade_read_8(PGA_IA_8, &pga_ia_);
     this->ade_read_8(PGA_IB_8, &pga_ib_);
-    this->ade_read_32(AVGAIN_32, &avgain_);
-    this->ade_read_32(BVGAIN_32, &bvgain_);
+    this->ade_read_32(AVGAIN_32, &vgain_);
     this->ade_read_32(AIGAIN_32, &aigain_);
     this->ade_read_32(BIGAIN_32, &bigain_);
     this->ade_read_32(AWGAIN_32, &awgain_);
@@ -65,14 +63,13 @@ void ADE7953::dump_config() {
                 "  PGA_V_8: 0x%X\n"
                 "  PGA_IA_8: 0x%X\n"
                 "  PGA_IB_8: 0x%X\n"
-                "  AVGAIN_32: 0x%08jX\n"
-                "  BVGAIN_32: 0x%08jX\n"
+                "  VGAIN_32: 0x%08jX\n"
                 "  AIGAIN_32: 0x%08jX\n"
                 "  BIGAIN_32: 0x%08jX\n"
                 "  AWGAIN_32: 0x%08jX\n"
                 "  BWGAIN_32: 0x%08jX",
-                this->use_acc_energy_regs_, pga_v_, pga_ia_, pga_ib_, (uintmax_t) avgain_, (uintmax_t) bvgain_,
-                (uintmax_t) aigain_, (uintmax_t) bigain_, (uintmax_t) awgain_, (uintmax_t) bwgain_);
+                this->use_acc_energy_regs_, pga_v_, pga_ia_, pga_ib_, (uintmax_t) vgain_, (uintmax_t) aigain_,
+                (uintmax_t) bigain_, (uintmax_t) awgain_, (uintmax_t) bwgain_);
 }
 
 #define ADE_PUBLISH_(name, val, factor) \

esphome/components/ade7953_base/ade7953_base.h

@@ -46,12 +46,7 @@ class ADE7953 : public PollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
   void set_pga_ib(uint8_t pga_ib) { pga_ib_ = pga_ib; }
 
   // Set input gains
-  void set_vgain(uint32_t vgain) {
-    // Datasheet says: "to avoid discrepancies in other registers,
-    // if AVGAIN is set then BVGAIN should be set to the same value."
-    avgain_ = vgain;
-    bvgain_ = vgain;
-  }
+  void set_vgain(uint32_t vgain) { vgain_ = vgain; }
   void set_aigain(uint32_t aigain) { aigain_ = aigain; }
   void set_bigain(uint32_t bigain) { bigain_ = bigain; }
   void set_awgain(uint32_t awgain) { awgain_ = awgain; }
@@ -105,8 +100,7 @@ class ADE7953 : public PollingComponent, public sensor::Sensor {
   uint8_t pga_v_;
   uint8_t pga_ia_;
   uint8_t pga_ib_;
-  uint32_t avgain_;
-  uint32_t bvgain_;
+  uint32_t vgain_;
   uint32_t aigain_;
   uint32_t bigain_;
   uint32_t awgain_;

esphome/components/ags10/ags10.h

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AGS10NewI2cAddressAction : public Action<Ts...>,
  public:
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, new_address)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->new_i2c_address(this->new_address_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->new_i2c_address(this->new_address_.value(x...)); }
 };
 
 enum AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode {
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AGS10SetZeroPointAction : public Action<Ts...>, p
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, value)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(AGS10SetZeroPointActionMode, mode)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
     switch (this->mode_.value(x...)) {
       case FACTORY_DEFAULT:
         this->parent_->set_zero_point_with_factory_defaults();

esphome/components/aht10/aht10.cpp

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ void AHT10Component::setup() {
 void AHT10Component::restart_read_() {
   if (this->read_count_ == AHT10_ATTEMPTS) {
     this->read_count_ = 0;
-    this->status_set_error(LOG_STR("Reading timed out"));
+    this->status_set_error("Reading timed out");
     return;
   }
   this->read_count_++;

esphome/components/aic3204/automation.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetAutoMuteAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint8_t, auto_mute_mode)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->aic3204_->set_auto_mute_mode(this->auto_mute_mode_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->aic3204_->set_auto_mute_mode(this->auto_mute_mode_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   AIC3204 *aic3204_;

esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/__init__.py

@@ -172,6 +172,12 @@ def alarm_control_panel_schema(
     return _ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA = alarm_control_panel_schema(AlarmControlPanel)
+ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_SCHEMA.add_extra(
+    cv.deprecated_schema_constant("alarm_control_panel")
+)
+
 ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL_ACTION_SCHEMA = maybe_simple_id(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(AlarmControlPanel),

esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-#include "alarm_control_panel.h"
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#include "esphome/core/controller_registry.h"
-
 #include <utility>
 
+#include "alarm_control_panel.h"
+
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -35,12 +33,23 @@ void AlarmControlPanel::publish_state(AlarmControlPanelState state) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Set state to: %s, previous: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(alarm_control_panel_state_to_string(state)),
              LOG_STR_ARG(alarm_control_panel_state_to_string(prev_state)));
     this->current_state_ = state;
-    // Single state callback - triggers check get_state() for specific states
     this->state_callback_.call();
-#if defined(USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL) && defined(USE_CONTROLLER_REGISTRY)
-    ControllerRegistry::notify_alarm_control_panel_update(this);
-#endif
-    // Cleared fires when leaving TRIGGERED state
+    if (state == ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED) {
+      this->triggered_callback_.call();
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_ARMING) {
+      this->arming_callback_.call();
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_PENDING) {
+      this->pending_callback_.call();
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_ARMED_HOME) {
+      this->armed_home_callback_.call();
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_ARMED_NIGHT) {
+      this->armed_night_callback_.call();
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_ARMED_AWAY) {
+      this->armed_away_callback_.call();
+    } else if (state == ACP_STATE_DISARMED) {
+      this->disarmed_callback_.call();
+    }
+
     if (prev_state == ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED) {
       this->cleared_callback_.call();
     }
@@ -55,6 +64,34 @@ void AlarmControlPanel::add_on_state_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback)
   this->state_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
 }
 
+void AlarmControlPanel::add_on_triggered_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
+  this->triggered_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
+}
+
+void AlarmControlPanel::add_on_arming_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
+  this->arming_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
+}
+
+void AlarmControlPanel::add_on_armed_home_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
+  this->armed_home_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
+}
+
+void AlarmControlPanel::add_on_armed_night_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
+  this->armed_night_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
+}
+
+void AlarmControlPanel::add_on_armed_away_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
+  this->armed_away_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
+}
+
+void AlarmControlPanel::add_on_pending_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
+  this->pending_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
+}
+
+void AlarmControlPanel::add_on_disarmed_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
+  this->disarmed_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
+}
+
 void AlarmControlPanel::add_on_cleared_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) {
   this->cleared_callback_.add(std::move(callback));
 }

esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/alarm_control_panel.h

@@ -35,13 +35,54 @@ class AlarmControlPanel : public EntityBase {
    */
   void publish_state(AlarmControlPanelState state);
 
-  /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel changes.
-   * Triggers can check get_state() to determine the new state.
+  /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel changes
    *
    * @param callback The callback function
    */
   void add_on_state_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
 
+  /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel chanes to triggered
+   *
+   * @param callback The callback function
+   */
+  void add_on_triggered_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
+
+  /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel chanes to arming
+   *
+   * @param callback The callback function
+   */
+  void add_on_arming_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
+
+  /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel changes to pending
+   *
+   * @param callback The callback function
+   */
+  void add_on_pending_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
+
+  /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel changes to armed_home
+   *
+   * @param callback The callback function
+   */
+  void add_on_armed_home_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
+
+  /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel changes to armed_night
+   *
+   * @param callback The callback function
+   */
+  void add_on_armed_night_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
+
+  /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel changes to armed_away
+   *
+   * @param callback The callback function
+   */
+  void add_on_armed_away_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
+
+  /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel changes to disarmed
+   *
+   * @param callback The callback function
+   */
+  void add_on_disarmed_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback);
+
   /** Add a callback for when the state of the alarm_control_panel clears from triggered
    *
    * @param callback The callback function
@@ -131,9 +172,23 @@ class AlarmControlPanel : public EntityBase {
   uint32_t last_update_;
   // the call control function
   virtual void control(const AlarmControlPanelCall &call) = 0;
-  // state callback - triggers check get_state() for specific state
+  // state callback
   CallbackManager<void()> state_callback_{};
-  // clear callback - fires when leaving TRIGGERED state
+  // trigger callback
+  CallbackManager<void()> triggered_callback_{};
+  // arming callback
+  CallbackManager<void()> arming_callback_{};
+  // pending callback
+  CallbackManager<void()> pending_callback_{};
+  // armed_home callback
+  CallbackManager<void()> armed_home_callback_{};
+  // armed_night callback
+  CallbackManager<void()> armed_night_callback_{};
+  // armed_away callback
+  CallbackManager<void()> armed_away_callback_{};
+  // disarmed callback
+  CallbackManager<void()> disarmed_callback_{};
+  // clear callback
   CallbackManager<void()> cleared_callback_{};
   // chime callback
   CallbackManager<void()> chime_callback_{};

esphome/components/alarm_control_panel/automation.h

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace alarm_control_panel {
 
-/// Trigger on any state change
 class StateTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   explicit StateTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
@@ -14,30 +13,55 @@ class StateTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 };
 
-/// Template trigger that fires when entering a specific state
-template<AlarmControlPanelState State> class StateEnterTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+class TriggeredTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
-  explicit StateEnterTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) : alarm_control_panel_(alarm_control_panel) {
-    alarm_control_panel->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
-      if (this->alarm_control_panel_->get_state() == State)
-        this->trigger();
-    });
+  explicit TriggeredTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
+    alarm_control_panel->add_on_triggered_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
   }
-
- protected:
-  AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel_;
 };
 
-// Type aliases for state-specific triggers
-using TriggeredTrigger = StateEnterTrigger<ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED>;
-using ArmingTrigger = StateEnterTrigger<ACP_STATE_ARMING>;
-using PendingTrigger = StateEnterTrigger<ACP_STATE_PENDING>;
-using ArmedHomeTrigger = StateEnterTrigger<ACP_STATE_ARMED_HOME>;
-using ArmedNightTrigger = StateEnterTrigger<ACP_STATE_ARMED_NIGHT>;
-using ArmedAwayTrigger = StateEnterTrigger<ACP_STATE_ARMED_AWAY>;
-using DisarmedTrigger = StateEnterTrigger<ACP_STATE_DISARMED>;
+class ArmingTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit ArmingTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
+    alarm_control_panel->add_on_arming_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
+  }
+};
+
+class PendingTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit PendingTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
+    alarm_control_panel->add_on_pending_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
+  }
+};
+
+class ArmedHomeTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit ArmedHomeTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
+    alarm_control_panel->add_on_armed_home_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
+  }
+};
+
+class ArmedNightTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit ArmedNightTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
+    alarm_control_panel->add_on_armed_night_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
+  }
+};
+
+class ArmedAwayTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit ArmedAwayTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
+    alarm_control_panel->add_on_armed_away_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
+  }
+};
+
+class DisarmedTrigger : public Trigger<> {
+ public:
+  explicit DisarmedTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
+    alarm_control_panel->add_on_disarmed_callback([this]() { this->trigger(); });
+  }
+};
 
-/// Trigger when leaving TRIGGERED state (alarm cleared)
 class ClearedTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   explicit ClearedTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
@@ -45,7 +69,6 @@ class ClearedTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 };
 
-/// Trigger on chime event (zone opened while disarmed)
 class ChimeTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   explicit ChimeTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
@@ -53,7 +76,6 @@ class ChimeTrigger : public Trigger<> {
   }
 };
 
-/// Trigger on ready state change
 class ReadyTrigger : public Trigger<> {
  public:
   explicit ReadyTrigger(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) {
@@ -67,7 +89,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ArmAwayAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, code)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
     auto call = this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call();
     auto code = this->code_.optional_value(x...);
     if (code.has_value()) {
@@ -87,7 +109,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ArmHomeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, code)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
     auto call = this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call();
     auto code = this->code_.optional_value(x...);
     if (code.has_value()) {
@@ -107,7 +129,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class ArmNightAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, code)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
     auto call = this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call();
     auto code = this->code_.optional_value(x...);
     if (code.has_value()) {
@@ -127,7 +149,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class DisarmAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(std::string, code)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->disarm(this->code_.optional_value(x...)); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->disarm(this->code_.optional_value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel_;
@@ -137,7 +159,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class PendingAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit PendingAction(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) : alarm_control_panel_(alarm_control_panel) {}
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call().pending().perform(); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call().pending().perform(); }
 
  protected:
   AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel_;
@@ -147,7 +169,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TriggeredAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit TriggeredAction(AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel) : alarm_control_panel_(alarm_control_panel) {}
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call().triggered().perform(); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->alarm_control_panel_->make_call().triggered().perform(); }
 
  protected:
   AlarmControlPanel *alarm_control_panel_;
@@ -156,7 +178,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TriggeredAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class AlarmControlPanelCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   AlarmControlPanelCondition(AlarmControlPanel *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  bool check(const Ts &...x) override {
+  bool check(Ts... x) override {
     return this->parent_->is_state_armed(this->parent_->get_state()) ||
            this->parent_->get_state() == ACP_STATE_PENDING || this->parent_->get_state() == ACP_STATE_TRIGGERED;
   }

esphome/components/alpha3/alpha3.cpp

@@ -56,13 +56,13 @@ bool Alpha3::is_current_response_type_(const uint8_t *response_type) {
 
 void Alpha3::handle_geni_response_(const uint8_t *response, uint16_t length) {
   if (this->response_offset_ >= this->response_length_) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] GENI response begin", this->parent_->address_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] GENI response begin", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
     if (length < GENI_RESPONSE_HEADER_LENGTH) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response too short", this->parent_->address_str());
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response to short", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
       return;
     }
     if (response[0] != 36 || response[2] != 248 || response[3] != 231 || response[4] != 10) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response bytes %d %d %d %d %d don't match GENI HEADER", this->parent_->address_str(),
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] response bytes %d %d %d %d %d don't match GENI HEADER", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(),
                response[0], response[1], response[2], response[3], response[4]);
       return;
     }
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@ void Alpha3::handle_geni_response_(const uint8_t *response, uint16_t length) {
   };
 
   if (this->is_current_response_type_(GENI_RESPONSE_TYPE_FLOW_HEAD)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] FLOW HEAD Response", this->parent_->address_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] FLOW HEAD Response", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_FLOW_OFFSET, this->flow_sensor_, 3600.0F);
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_HEAD_OFFSET, this->head_sensor_, .0001F);
   } else if (this->is_current_response_type_(GENI_RESPONSE_TYPE_POWER)) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] POWER Response", this->parent_->address_str());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "[%s] POWER Response", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_POWER_OFFSET, this->power_sensor_, 1.0F);
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_CURRENT_OFFSET, this->current_sensor_, 1.0F);
     extract_publish_sensor_value(GENI_RESPONSE_MOTOR_SPEED_OFFSET, this->speed_sensor_, 1.0F);
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ void Alpha3::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc
       if (param->open.status == ESP_GATT_OK) {
         this->response_offset_ = 0;
         this->response_length_ = 0;
-        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] connection open", this->parent_->address_str());
+        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] connection open", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void Alpha3::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc
     case ESP_GATTC_SEARCH_CMPL_EVT: {
       auto *chr = this->parent_->get_characteristic(ALPHA3_GENI_SERVICE_UUID, ALPHA3_GENI_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
       if (chr == nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No GENI service found at device, not an Alpha3..?", this->parent_->address_str());
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No GENI service found at device, not an Alpha3..?", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
         break;
       }
       auto status = esp_ble_gattc_register_for_notify(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_remote_bda(),
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ void Alpha3::send_request_(uint8_t *request, size_t len) {
       esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->geni_handle_, len,
                                request, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
   if (status)
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
 }
 
 void Alpha3::update() {
   if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
     return;
   }
 

esphome/components/am43/sensor/am43_sensor.cpp

@@ -44,9 +44,11 @@ void Am43::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_i
       auto *chr = this->parent_->get_characteristic(AM43_SERVICE_UUID, AM43_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID);
       if (chr == nullptr) {
         if (this->parent_->get_characteristic(AM43_TUYA_SERVICE_UUID, AM43_TUYA_CHARACTERISTIC_UUID) != nullptr) {
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Detected a Tuya AM43 which is not supported, sorry.", this->parent_->address_str());
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] Detected a Tuya AM43 which is not supported, sorry.",
+                   this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
         } else {
-          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No control service found at device, not an AM43..?", this->parent_->address_str());
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "[%s] No control service found at device, not an AM43..?",
+                   this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
         }
         break;
       }
@@ -80,7 +82,8 @@ void Am43::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_i
                                                  this->char_handle_, packet->length, packet->data,
                                                  ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
           if (status) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(),
+                     status);
           }
         }
         this->current_sensor_ = 0;
@@ -94,7 +97,7 @@ void Am43::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_i
 
 void Am43::update() {
   if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str());
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Cannot poll, not connected", this->parent_->address_str().c_str());
     return;
   }
   if (this->current_sensor_ == 0) {
@@ -104,7 +107,7 @@ void Am43::update() {
           esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                    packet->length, packet->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
       if (status) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
       }
     }
     this->current_sensor_++;

esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@ void AnalogThresholdBinarySensor::setup() {
   // TRUE state is defined to be when sensor is >= threshold
   // so when undefined sensor value initialize to FALSE
   if (std::isnan(sensor_value)) {
-    this->raw_state_ = false;
     this->publish_initial_state(false);
   } else {
-    this->raw_state_ = sensor_value >= (this->lower_threshold_.value() + this->upper_threshold_.value()) / 2.0f;
-    this->publish_initial_state(this->raw_state_);
+    this->publish_initial_state(sensor_value >=
+                                (this->lower_threshold_.value() + this->upper_threshold_.value()) / 2.0f);
   }
 }
 
@@ -26,10 +25,8 @@ void AnalogThresholdBinarySensor::set_sensor(sensor::Sensor *analog_sensor) {
   this->sensor_->add_on_state_callback([this](float sensor_value) {
     // if there is an invalid sensor reading, ignore the change and keep the current state
     if (!std::isnan(sensor_value)) {
-      // Use raw_state_ for hysteresis logic, not this->state which is post-filter
-      this->raw_state_ =
-          sensor_value >= (this->raw_state_ ? this->lower_threshold_.value() : this->upper_threshold_.value());
-      this->publish_state(this->raw_state_);
+      this->publish_state(sensor_value >=
+                          (this->state ? this->lower_threshold_.value() : this->upper_threshold_.value()));
     }
   });
 }

esphome/components/analog_threshold/analog_threshold_binary_sensor.h

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ class AnalogThresholdBinarySensor : public Component, public binary_sensor::Bina
   sensor::Sensor *sensor_{nullptr};
   TemplatableValue<float> upper_threshold_{};
   TemplatableValue<float> lower_threshold_{};
-  bool raw_state_{false};  // Pre-filter state for hysteresis logic
 };
 
 }  // namespace analog_threshold

esphome/components/animation/animation.h

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class Animation : public image::Image {
 template<typename... Ts> class AnimationNextFrameAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   AnimationNextFrameAction(Animation *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->next_frame(); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->next_frame(); }
 
  protected:
   Animation *parent_;
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AnimationNextFrameAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 template<typename... Ts> class AnimationPrevFrameAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   AnimationPrevFrameAction(Animation *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->prev_frame(); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->prev_frame(); }
 
  protected:
   Animation *parent_;
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AnimationSetFrameAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   AnimationSetFrameAction(Animation *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(uint16_t, frame)
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->set_frame(this->frame_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->set_frame(this->frame_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   Animation *parent_;

esphome/components/anova/anova.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void Anova::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (status) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
     }
   }
   if (call.get_target_temperature().has_value()) {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ void Anova::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (status) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
     }
   }
 }
@@ -124,7 +124,8 @@ void Anova::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_
               esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                        pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
           if (status) {
-            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
+            ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(),
+                     status);
           }
         }
       }
@@ -149,7 +150,7 @@ void Anova::update() {
         esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent_->get_gattc_if(), this->parent_->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_,
                                  pkt->length, pkt->data, ESP_GATT_WRITE_TYPE_NO_RSP, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (status) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str(), status);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] esp_ble_gattc_write_char failed, status=%d", this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), status);
     }
     this->current_request_++;
   }

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -27,13 +27,12 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SERVICE,
     CONF_SERVICES,
     CONF_TAG,
-    CONF_THEN,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_VARIABLES,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
-from esphome.types import ConfigFragmentType, ConfigType
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -64,21 +63,17 @@ HomeAssistantActionResponseTrigger = api_ns.class_(
     "HomeAssistantActionResponseTrigger", automation.Trigger
 )
 APIConnectedCondition = api_ns.class_("APIConnectedCondition", Condition)
-APIRespondAction = api_ns.class_("APIRespondAction", automation.Action)
-APIUnregisterServiceCallAction = api_ns.class_(
-    "APIUnregisterServiceCallAction", automation.Action
-)
 
 UserServiceTrigger = api_ns.class_("UserServiceTrigger", automation.Trigger)
 ListEntitiesServicesArgument = api_ns.class_("ListEntitiesServicesArgument")
-SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES: dict[str, MockObj] = {
-    "bool": cg.bool_,
+SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES = {
+    "bool": bool,
     "int": cg.int32,
-    "float": cg.float_,
+    "float": float,
     "string": cg.std_string,
-    "bool[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.bool_).operator("const").operator("ref"),
+    "bool[]": cg.FixedVector.template(bool).operator("const").operator("ref"),
     "int[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.int32).operator("const").operator("ref"),
-    "float[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.float_).operator("const").operator("ref"),
+    "float[]": cg.FixedVector.template(float).operator("const").operator("ref"),
     "string[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.std_string)
     .operator("const")
     .operator("ref"),
@@ -90,7 +85,6 @@ CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES = "homeassistant_services"
 CONF_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES = "homeassistant_states"
 CONF_LISTEN_BACKLOG = "listen_backlog"
 CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE = "max_send_queue"
-CONF_STATE_SUBSCRIPTION_ONLY = "state_subscription_only"
 
 
 def validate_encryption_key(value):
@@ -107,85 +101,6 @@ def validate_encryption_key(value):
     return value
 
 
-CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE = "supports_response"
-
-# Enum values in api::enums namespace
-enums_ns = api_ns.namespace("enums")
-SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS = {
-    "none": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE,
-    "optional": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL,
-    "only": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY,
-    "status": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS,
-}
-
-
-def _auto_detect_supports_response(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
-    """Auto-detect supports_response based on api.respond usage in the action's then block.
-
-    - If api.respond with data found: set to "optional" (unless user explicitly set)
-    - If api.respond without data found: set to "status" (unless user explicitly set)
-    - If no api.respond found: set to "none" (unless user explicitly set)
-    """
-
-    def scan_actions(items: ConfigFragmentType) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
-        """Recursively scan actions for api.respond.
-
-        Returns: (found, has_data) tuple - has_data is True if ANY api.respond has data
-        """
-        found_any = False
-        has_data_any = False
-
-        if isinstance(items, list):
-            for item in items:
-                found, has_data = scan_actions(item)
-                if found:
-                    found_any = True
-                    has_data_any = has_data_any or has_data
-        elif isinstance(items, dict):
-            # Check if this is an api.respond action
-            if "api.respond" in items:
-                respond_config = items["api.respond"]
-                has_data = isinstance(respond_config, dict) and "data" in respond_config
-                return True, has_data
-            # Recursively check all values
-            for value in items.values():
-                found, has_data = scan_actions(value)
-                if found:
-                    found_any = True
-                    has_data_any = has_data_any or has_data
-
-        return found_any, has_data_any
-
-    then = config.get(CONF_THEN, [])
-    action_name = config.get(CONF_ACTION)
-    found, has_data = scan_actions(then)
-
-    # If user explicitly set supports_response, validate and use that
-    if CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE in config:
-        user_value = config[CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE]
-        # Validate: "only" requires api.respond with data
-        if user_value == "only" and not has_data:
-            raise cv.Invalid(
-                f"Action '{action_name}' has supports_response=only but no api.respond "
-                "action with 'data:' was found. Use 'status' for responses without data, "
-                "or add 'data:' to your api.respond action."
-            )
-        return config
-
-    # Auto-detect based on api.respond usage
-    if found:
-        config[CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE] = "optional" if has_data else "status"
-    else:
-        config[CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE] = "none"
-
-    return config
-
-
-def _validate_supports_response(value):
-    """Validate supports_response after auto-detection has set the value."""
-    return cv.enum(SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS, lower=True)(value)
-
-
 ACTIONS_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(UserServiceTrigger),
@@ -196,20 +111,10 @@ ACTIONS_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
                 cv.validate_id_name: cv.one_of(*SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES, lower=True),
             }
         ),
-        # No default - auto-detected by _auto_detect_supports_response
-        cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE): cv.enum(
-            SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS, lower=True
-        ),
     },
     cv.All(
         cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_SERVICE, CONF_ACTION),
         cv.rename_key(CONF_SERVICE, CONF_ACTION),
-        _auto_detect_supports_response,
-        # Re-validate supports_response after auto-detection sets it
-        cv.Schema(
-            {cv.Required(CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE): _validate_supports_response},
-            extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
-        ),
     ),
 )
 
@@ -246,7 +151,7 @@ def _validate_api_config(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
         _LOGGER.warning(
             "API 'password' authentication has been deprecated since May 2022 and will be removed in version 2026.1.0. "
             "Please migrate to the 'encryption' configuration. "
-            "See https://esphome.io/components/api/#configuration-variables"
+            "See https://esphome.io/components/api.html#configuration-variables"
         )
 
     return config
@@ -322,7 +227,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 esp32=8,  # More RAM, can buffer more
                 rp2040=5,  # Limited RAM
                 bk72xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
-                nrf52=8,  # Moderate RAM
                 rtl87xx=8,  # Moderate RAM
                 host=16,  # Abundant resources
                 ln882x=8,  # Moderate RAM
@@ -336,13 +240,10 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB)
-async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
-    # Track controller registration for StaticVector sizing
-    CORE.register_controller()
-
     cg.add(var.set_port(config[CONF_PORT]))
     if config[CONF_PASSWORD]:
         cg.add_define("USE_API_PASSWORD")
@@ -355,9 +256,9 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         cg.add(var.set_max_connections(config[CONF_MAX_CONNECTIONS]))
     cg.add_define("API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE", config[CONF_MAX_SEND_QUEUE])
 
-    # Set USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS if any services are enabled
+    # Set USE_API_SERVICES if any services are enabled
     if config.get(CONF_ACTIONS) or config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
-        cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS")
+        cg.add_define("USE_API_SERVICES")
 
     # Set USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES if external components need dynamic service registration
     if config[CONF_CUSTOM_SERVICES]:
@@ -373,61 +274,20 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         # Collect all triggers first, then register all at once with initializer_list
         triggers: list[cg.Pvariable] = []
         for conf in actions:
-            func_args: list[tuple[MockObj, str]] = []
-            service_template_args: list[MockObj] = []  # User service argument types
-
-            # Determine supports_response mode
-            # cv.enum returns the key with enum_value attribute containing the MockObj
-            supports_response_key = conf[CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE]
-            supports_response = supports_response_key.enum_value
-            is_none = supports_response_key == "none"
-            is_optional = supports_response_key == "optional"
-
-            # Add call_id and return_response based on supports_response mode
-            # These must match the C++ Trigger template arguments
-            # - none: no extra args
-            # - status: call_id only (for reporting success/error without data)
-            # - only: call_id only (response always expected with data)
-            # - optional: call_id + return_response (client decides)
-            if not is_none:
-                # call_id is present for "optional", "only", and "status"
-                func_args.append((cg.uint32, "call_id"))
-                # return_response only present for "optional"
-                if is_optional:
-                    func_args.append((cg.bool_, "return_response"))
-
-            service_arg_names: list[str] = []
+            template_args = []
+            func_args = []
+            service_arg_names = []
             for name, var_ in conf[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
                 native = SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES[var_]
-                service_template_args.append(native)
+                template_args.append(native)
                 func_args.append((native, name))
                 service_arg_names.append(name)
-            # Template args: supports_response mode, then user service arg types
-            templ = cg.TemplateArguments(supports_response, *service_template_args)
+            templ = cg.TemplateArguments(*template_args)
             trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(
-                conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID],
-                templ,
-                conf[CONF_ACTION],
-                service_arg_names,
+                conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], templ, conf[CONF_ACTION], service_arg_names
             )
             triggers.append(trigger)
-            auto = await automation.build_automation(trigger, func_args, conf)
-
-            # For non-none response modes, automatically append unregister action
-            # This ensures the call is unregistered after all actions complete (including async ones)
-            if not is_none:
-                arg_types = [arg[0] for arg in func_args]
-                action_templ = cg.TemplateArguments(*arg_types)
-                unregister_id = ID(
-                    f"{conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID]}__unregister",
-                    is_declaration=True,
-                    type=APIUnregisterServiceCallAction.template(action_templ),
-                )
-                unregister_action = cg.new_Pvariable(
-                    unregister_id,
-                    var,
-                )
-                cg.add(auto.add_actions([unregister_action]))
+            await automation.build_automation(trigger, func_args, conf)
         # Register all services at once - single allocation, no reallocations
         cg.add(var.initialize_user_services(triggers))
 
@@ -673,98 +533,9 @@ async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, arg
     return var
 
 
-CONF_SUCCESS = "success"
-CONF_ERROR_MESSAGE = "error_message"
-
-
-def _validate_api_respond_data(config):
-    """Set flag during validation so AUTO_LOAD can include json component."""
-    if CONF_DATA in config:
-        CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {})[CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE] = True
-    return config
-
-
-API_RESPOND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
-    cv.Schema(
-        {
-            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(APIServer),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_SUCCESS, default=True): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_ERROR_MESSAGE, default=""): cv.templatable(cv.string),
-            cv.Optional(CONF_DATA): cv.lambda_,
-        }
-    ),
-    _validate_api_respond_data,
-)
-
-
-@automation.register_action(
-    "api.respond",
-    APIRespondAction,
-    API_RESPOND_ACTION_SCHEMA,
-)
-async def api_respond_to_code(
-    config: ConfigType,
-    action_id: ID,
-    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
-    args: TemplateArgsType,
-) -> MockObj:
-    # Validate that api.respond is used inside an API action context.
-    # We can't easily validate this at config time since the schema validation
-    # doesn't have access to the parent action context. Validating here in to_code
-    # is still much better than a cryptic C++ compile error.
-    has_call_id = any(name == "call_id" for _, name in args)
-    if not has_call_id:
-        raise EsphomeError(
-            "api.respond can only be used inside an API action's 'then:' block. "
-            "The 'call_id' variable is required to send a response."
-        )
-
-    cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES")
-    serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv)
-
-    # Check if we're in optional mode (has return_response arg)
-    is_optional = any(name == "return_response" for _, name in args)
-    if is_optional:
-        cg.add(var.set_is_optional_mode(True))
-
-    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SUCCESS], args, cg.bool_)
-    cg.add(var.set_success(templ))
-
-    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ERROR_MESSAGE], args, cg.std_string)
-    cg.add(var.set_error_message(templ))
-
-    if CONF_DATA in config:
-        cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON")
-        # Lambda populates the JsonObject root - no return value needed
-        lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(
-            config[CONF_DATA],
-            args + [(cg.JsonObject, "root")],
-            return_type=cg.void,
-        )
-        cg.add(var.set_data(lambda_))
-
-    return var
-
-
-API_CONNECTED_CONDITION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
-    {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(APIServer),
-        cv.Optional(CONF_STATE_SUBSCRIPTION_ONLY, default=False): cv.templatable(
-            cv.boolean
-        ),
-    }
-)
-
-
-@automation.register_condition(
-    "api.connected", APIConnectedCondition, API_CONNECTED_CONDITION_SCHEMA
-)
+@automation.register_condition("api.connected", APIConnectedCondition, {})
 async def api_connected_to_code(config, condition_id, template_arg, args):
-    var = cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
-    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE_SUBSCRIPTION_ONLY], args, cg.bool_)
-    cg.add(var.set_state_subscription_only(templ))
-    return var
+    return cg.new_Pvariable(condition_id, template_arg)
 
 
 def FILTER_SOURCE_FILES() -> list[str]:

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ message ListEntitiesFanResponse {
   bool disabled_by_default = 9;
   string icon = 10 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   EntityCategory entity_category = 11;
-  repeated string supported_preset_modes = 12 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<const char *>"];
+  repeated string supported_preset_modes = 12 [(container_pointer) = "std::set"];
   uint32 device_id = 13 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
 // Deprecated in API version 1.6 - only used in deprecated fields
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ message ListEntitiesLightResponse {
   bool legacy_supports_color_temperature = 8 [deprecated=true];
   float min_mireds = 9;
   float max_mireds = 10;
-  repeated string effects = 11 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "FixedVector<const char *>"];
+  repeated string effects = 11;
   bool disabled_by_default = 13;
   string icon = 14 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   EntityCategory entity_category = 15;
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ message LightCommandRequest {
   bool has_flash_length = 16;
   uint32 flash_length = 17;
   bool has_effect = 18;
-  string effect = 19 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
+  string effect = 19;
   uint32 device_id = 28 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
 
@@ -589,7 +589,6 @@ enum SensorStateClass {
   STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT = 1;
   STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING = 2;
   STATE_CLASS_TOTAL = 3;
-  STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT_ANGLE = 4;
 }
 
 // Deprecated in API version 1.5
@@ -855,31 +854,22 @@ enum ServiceArgType {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_FLOAT_ARRAY = 6;
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY = 7;
 }
-enum SupportsResponseType {
-  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE = 0;
-  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL = 1;
-  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY = 2;
-  // Status-only response - reports success/error without data payload
-  // Value is higher to avoid conflicts with future Home Assistant values
-  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS = 100;
-}
 message ListEntitiesServicesArgument {
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
   string name = 1;
   ServiceArgType type = 2;
 }
 message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   option (id) = 41;
   option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
 
   string name = 1;
   fixed32 key = 2;
   repeated ListEntitiesServicesArgument args = 3 [(fixed_vector) = true];
-  SupportsResponseType supports_response = 4;
 }
 message ExecuteServiceArgument {
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
   bool bool_ = 1;
   int32 legacy_int = 2;
   float float_ = 3;
@@ -895,25 +885,10 @@ message ExecuteServiceRequest {
   option (id) = 42;
   option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
   option (no_delay) = true;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_SERVICES";
 
   fixed32 key = 1;
   repeated ExecuteServiceArgument args = 2 [(fixed_vector) = true];
-  uint32 call_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES"];
-  bool return_response = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES"];
-}
-
-// Message sent by ESPHome to Home Assistant with service execution response data
-message ExecuteServiceResponse {
-  option (id) = 131;
-  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
-  option (no_delay) = true;
-  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES";
-
-  uint32 call_id = 1; // Matches the call_id from ExecuteServiceRequest
-  bool success = 2; // Whether the service execution succeeded
-  string error_message = 3; // Error message if success = false
-  bytes response_data = 4 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON"];
 }
 
 // ==================== CAMERA ====================
@@ -1025,9 +1000,9 @@ message ListEntitiesClimateResponse {
   bool supports_action = 12; // Deprecated: use feature_flags
   repeated ClimateFanMode supported_fan_modes = 13 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "climate::ClimateFanModeMask"];
   repeated ClimateSwingMode supported_swing_modes = 14 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "climate::ClimateSwingModeMask"];
-  repeated string supported_custom_fan_modes = 15 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<const char *>"];
+  repeated string supported_custom_fan_modes = 15 [(container_pointer) = "std::vector"];
   repeated ClimatePreset supported_presets = 16 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "climate::ClimatePresetMask"];
-  repeated string supported_custom_presets = 17 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<const char *>"];
+  repeated string supported_custom_presets = 17 [(container_pointer) = "std::vector"];
   bool disabled_by_default = 18;
   string icon = 19 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
   EntityCategory entity_category = 20;
@@ -1168,7 +1143,7 @@ message ListEntitiesSelectResponse {
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
   string icon = 5 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
-  repeated string options = 6 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "FixedVector<const char *>"];
+  repeated string options = 6 [(container_pointer) = "std::vector"];
   bool disabled_by_default = 7;
   EntityCategory entity_category = 8;
   uint32 device_id = 9 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
@@ -1195,7 +1170,7 @@ message SelectCommandRequest {
   option (base_class) = "CommandProtoMessage";
 
   fixed32 key = 1;
-  string state = 2 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true];
+  string state = 2;
   uint32 device_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
 
@@ -2172,7 +2147,7 @@ message ListEntitiesEventResponse {
   EntityCategory entity_category = 7;
   string device_class = 8;
 
-  repeated string event_types = 9 [(container_pointer_no_template) = "FixedVector<const char *>"];
+  repeated string event_types = 9;
   uint32 device_id = 10 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
 }
 message EventResponse {

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -6,17 +6,11 @@
 #ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 #include "api_frame_helper_plaintext.h"
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
-#include "user_services.h"
-#endif
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <functional>
 #include <limits>
 #include <utility>
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-#include <pgmspace.h>
-#endif
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
@@ -96,8 +90,8 @@ static const int CAMERA_STOP_STREAM = 5000;
 APIConnection::APIConnection(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> sock, APIServer *parent)
     : parent_(parent), initial_state_iterator_(this), list_entities_iterator_(this) {
 #if defined(USE_API_PLAINTEXT) && defined(USE_API_NOISE)
-  auto &noise_ctx = parent->get_noise_ctx();
-  if (noise_ctx.has_psk()) {
+  auto noise_ctx = parent->get_noise_ctx();
+  if (noise_ctx->has_psk()) {
     this->helper_ =
         std::unique_ptr<APIFrameHelper>{new APINoiseFrameHelper(std::move(sock), noise_ctx, &this->client_info_)};
   } else {
@@ -175,7 +169,8 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
       } else {
         this->last_traffic_ = now;
         // read a packet
-        this->read_message(buffer.data_len, buffer.type, buffer.data);
+        this->read_message(buffer.data_len, buffer.type,
+                           buffer.data_len > 0 ? &buffer.container[buffer.data_offset] : nullptr);
         if (this->flags_.remove)
           return;
       }
@@ -200,9 +195,6 @@ void APIConnection::loop() {
       }
       // Now that everything is sent, enable immediate sending for future state changes
       this->flags_.should_try_send_immediately = true;
-      // Release excess memory from buffers that grew during initial sync
-      this->deferred_batch_.release_buffer();
-      this->helper_->release_buffers();
     }
   }
 
@@ -418,8 +410,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *co
   }
   if (traits.supports_direction())
     msg.direction = static_cast<enums::FanDirection>(fan->direction);
-  if (traits.supports_preset_modes() && fan->has_preset_mode())
-    msg.set_preset_mode(StringRef(fan->get_preset_mode()));
+  if (traits.supports_preset_modes())
+    msg.set_preset_mode(StringRef(fan->preset_mode));
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(fan, msg, FanStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size,
@@ -431,7 +423,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *con
   msg.supports_speed = traits.supports_speed();
   msg.supports_direction = traits.supports_direction();
   msg.supported_speed_count = traits.supported_speed_count();
-  msg.supported_preset_modes = &traits.supported_preset_modes();
+  msg.supported_preset_modes = &traits.supported_preset_modes_for_api_();
   return fill_and_encode_entity_info(fan, msg, ListEntitiesFanResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
 void APIConnection::fan_command(const FanCommandRequest &msg) {
@@ -484,24 +476,19 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   auto *light = static_cast<light::LightState *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesLightResponse msg;
   auto traits = light->get_traits();
-  auto supported_modes = traits.get_supported_color_modes();
   // Pass pointer to ColorModeMask so the iterator can encode actual ColorMode enum values
-  msg.supported_color_modes = &supported_modes;
+  msg.supported_color_modes = &traits.get_supported_color_modes();
   if (traits.supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::COLOR_TEMPERATURE) ||
       traits.supports_color_capability(light::ColorCapability::COLD_WARM_WHITE)) {
     msg.min_mireds = traits.get_min_mireds();
     msg.max_mireds = traits.get_max_mireds();
   }
-  FixedVector<const char *> effects_list;
   if (light->supports_effects()) {
-    auto &light_effects = light->get_effects();
-    effects_list.init(light_effects.size() + 1);
-    effects_list.push_back("None");
-    for (auto *effect : light_effects) {
-      effects_list.push_back(effect->get_name());
+    msg.effects.emplace_back("None");
+    for (auto *effect : light->get_effects()) {
+      msg.effects.emplace_back(effect->get_name());
     }
   }
-  msg.effects = &effects_list;
   return fill_and_encode_entity_info(light, msg, ListEntitiesLightResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size,
                                      is_single);
 }
@@ -533,7 +520,7 @@ void APIConnection::light_command(const LightCommandRequest &msg) {
   if (msg.has_flash_length)
     call.set_flash_length(msg.flash_length);
   if (msg.has_effect)
-    call.set_effect(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(msg.effect), msg.effect_len);
+    call.set_effect(msg.effect);
   call.perform();
 }
 #endif
@@ -650,14 +637,14 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && climate->fan_mode.has_value())
     resp.fan_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateFanMode>(climate->fan_mode.value());
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && climate->has_custom_fan_mode()) {
-    resp.set_custom_fan_mode(StringRef(climate->get_custom_fan_mode()));
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && climate->custom_fan_mode.has_value()) {
+    resp.set_custom_fan_mode(StringRef(climate->custom_fan_mode.value()));
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_presets() && climate->preset.has_value()) {
     resp.preset = static_cast<enums::ClimatePreset>(climate->preset.value());
   }
-  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && climate->has_custom_preset()) {
-    resp.set_custom_preset(StringRef(climate->get_custom_preset()));
+  if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && climate->custom_preset.has_value()) {
+    resp.set_custom_preset(StringRef(climate->custom_preset.value()));
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes())
     resp.swing_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateSwingMode>(climate->swing_mode);
@@ -890,7 +877,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_select_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
                                               bool is_single) {
   auto *select = static_cast<select::Select *>(entity);
   SelectStateResponse resp;
-  resp.set_state(StringRef(select->current_option()));
+  resp.set_state(StringRef(select->state));
   resp.missing_state = !select->has_state();
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(select, resp, SelectStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
@@ -905,7 +892,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_select_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
 }
 void APIConnection::select_command(const SelectCommandRequest &msg) {
   ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(select::Select, select, select)
-  call.set_option(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(msg.state), msg.state_len);
+  call.set_option(msg.state);
   call.perform();
 }
 #endif
@@ -1307,11 +1294,11 @@ void APIConnection::alarm_control_panel_command(const AlarmControlPanelCommandRe
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-void APIConnection::send_event(event::Event *event, const char *event_type) {
-  this->send_message_smart_(event, MessageCreator(event_type), EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
-                            EventResponse::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
+void APIConnection::send_event(event::Event *event, const std::string &event_type) {
+  this->schedule_message_(event, MessageCreator(event_type), EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
+                          EventResponse::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
 }
-uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const char *event_type, APIConnection *conn,
+uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const std::string &event_type, APIConnection *conn,
                                                 uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single) {
   EventResponse resp;
   resp.set_event_type(StringRef(event_type));
@@ -1323,7 +1310,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
   auto *event = static_cast<event::Event *>(entity);
   ListEntitiesEventResponse msg;
   msg.set_device_class(event->get_device_class_ref());
-  msg.event_types = &event->get_event_types();
+  for (const auto &event_type : event->get_event_types())
+    msg.event_types.push_back(event_type);
   return fill_and_encode_entity_info(event, msg, ListEntitiesEventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size,
                                      is_single);
 }
@@ -1463,83 +1451,48 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
 #ifdef USE_AREAS
   resp.set_suggested_area(StringRef(App.get_area()));
 #endif
-  // Stack buffer for MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
-  char mac_address[18];
-  uint8_t mac[6];
-  get_mac_address_raw(mac);
-  format_mac_addr_upper(mac, mac_address);
+  // mac_address must store temporary string - will be valid during send_message call
+  std::string mac_address = get_mac_address_pretty();
   resp.set_mac_address(StringRef(mac_address));
 
   resp.set_esphome_version(ESPHOME_VERSION_REF);
 
   resp.set_compilation_time(App.get_compilation_time_ref());
 
-  // Manufacturer string - define once, handle ESP8266 PROGMEM separately
+  // Compile-time StringRef constants for manufacturers
 #if defined(USE_ESP8266) || defined(USE_ESP32)
-#define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Espressif"
+  static constexpr auto MANUFACTURER = StringRef::from_lit("Espressif");
 #elif defined(USE_RP2040)
-#define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Raspberry Pi"
+  static constexpr auto MANUFACTURER = StringRef::from_lit("Raspberry Pi");
 #elif defined(USE_BK72XX)
-#define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Beken"
+  static constexpr auto MANUFACTURER = StringRef::from_lit("Beken");
 #elif defined(USE_LN882X)
-#define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Lightning"
-#elif defined(USE_NRF52)
-#define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Nordic Semiconductor"
+  static constexpr auto MANUFACTURER = StringRef::from_lit("Lightning");
 #elif defined(USE_RTL87XX)
-#define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Realtek"
+  static constexpr auto MANUFACTURER = StringRef::from_lit("Realtek");
 #elif defined(USE_HOST)
-#define ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER "Host"
+  static constexpr auto MANUFACTURER = StringRef::from_lit("Host");
 #endif
-
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  // ESP8266 requires PROGMEM for flash storage, copy to stack for memcpy compatibility
-  static const char MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER;
-  char manufacturer_buf[sizeof(MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM)];
-  memcpy_P(manufacturer_buf, MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM, sizeof(MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM));
-  resp.set_manufacturer(StringRef(manufacturer_buf, sizeof(MANUFACTURER_PROGMEM) - 1));
-#else
-  static constexpr auto MANUFACTURER = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER);
   resp.set_manufacturer(MANUFACTURER);
-#endif
-#undef ESPHOME_MANUFACTURER
 
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  static const char MODEL_PROGMEM[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_BOARD;
-  char model_buf[sizeof(MODEL_PROGMEM)];
-  memcpy_P(model_buf, MODEL_PROGMEM, sizeof(MODEL_PROGMEM));
-  resp.set_model(StringRef(model_buf, sizeof(MODEL_PROGMEM) - 1));
-#else
   static constexpr auto MODEL = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_BOARD);
   resp.set_model(MODEL);
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_DEEP_SLEEP
   resp.has_deep_sleep = deep_sleep::global_has_deep_sleep;
 #endif
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
-#ifdef USE_ESP8266
-  static const char PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME;
-  static const char PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM[] PROGMEM = ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION;
-  char project_name_buf[sizeof(PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM)];
-  char project_version_buf[sizeof(PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM)];
-  memcpy_P(project_name_buf, PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM, sizeof(PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM));
-  memcpy_P(project_version_buf, PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM, sizeof(PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM));
-  resp.set_project_name(StringRef(project_name_buf, sizeof(PROJECT_NAME_PROGMEM) - 1));
-  resp.set_project_version(StringRef(project_version_buf, sizeof(PROJECT_VERSION_PROGMEM) - 1));
-#else
   static constexpr auto PROJECT_NAME = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME);
   static constexpr auto PROJECT_VERSION = StringRef::from_lit(ESPHOME_PROJECT_VERSION);
   resp.set_project_name(PROJECT_NAME);
   resp.set_project_version(PROJECT_VERSION);
 #endif
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
   resp.webserver_port = USE_WEBSERVER_PORT;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_BLUETOOTH_PROXY
   resp.bluetooth_proxy_feature_flags = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_feature_flags();
-  // Stack buffer for Bluetooth MAC address (XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX\0 = 18 bytes)
-  char bluetooth_mac[18];
-  bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty(bluetooth_mac);
+  // bt_mac must store temporary string - will be valid during send_message call
+  std::string bluetooth_mac = bluetooth_proxy::global_bluetooth_proxy->get_bluetooth_mac_address_pretty();
   resp.set_bluetooth_mac_address(StringRef(bluetooth_mac));
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_VOICE_ASSISTANT
@@ -1580,68 +1533,24 @@ bool APIConnection::send_device_info_response(const DeviceInfoRequest &msg) {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
 void APIConnection::on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateResponse &msg) {
   for (auto &it : this->parent_->get_state_subs()) {
-    // Compare entity_id and attribute with message fields
-    bool entity_match = (strcmp(it.entity_id, msg.entity_id.c_str()) == 0);
-    bool attribute_match = (it.attribute != nullptr && strcmp(it.attribute, msg.attribute.c_str()) == 0) ||
-                           (it.attribute == nullptr && msg.attribute.empty());
-
-    if (entity_match && attribute_match) {
+    if (it.entity_id == msg.entity_id && it.attribute.value() == msg.attribute) {
       it.callback(msg.state);
     }
   }
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 void APIConnection::execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) {
   bool found = false;
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  // Register the call and get a unique server-generated action_call_id
-  // This avoids collisions when multiple clients use the same call_id
-  uint32_t action_call_id = 0;
-  if (msg.call_id != 0) {
-    action_call_id = this->parent_->register_active_action_call(msg.call_id, this);
-  }
-  // Use the overload that passes action_call_id separately (avoids copying msg)
-  for (auto *service : this->parent_->get_user_services()) {
-    if (service->execute_service(msg, action_call_id)) {
-      found = true;
-    }
-  }
-#else
   for (auto *service : this->parent_->get_user_services()) {
     if (service->execute_service(msg)) {
       found = true;
     }
   }
-#endif
   if (!found) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Could not find service");
   }
-  // Note: For services with supports_response != none, the call is unregistered
-  // by an automatically appended APIUnregisterServiceCallAction at the end of
-  // the action list. This ensures async actions (delays, waits) complete first.
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message) {
-  ExecuteServiceResponse resp;
-  resp.call_id = call_id;
-  resp.success = success;
-  resp.set_error_message(StringRef(error_message));
-  this->send_message(resp, ExecuteServiceResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
-}
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
-                                                  const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len) {
-  ExecuteServiceResponse resp;
-  resp.call_id = call_id;
-  resp.success = success;
-  resp.set_error_message(StringRef(error_message));
-  resp.response_data = response_data;
-  resp.response_data_len = response_data_len;
-  this->send_message(resp, ExecuteServiceResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
-}
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -1669,7 +1578,7 @@ bool APIConnection::send_noise_encryption_set_key_response(const NoiseEncryption
     } else {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to clear encryption key");
     }
-  } else if (base64_decode(msg.key, psk.data(), psk.size()) != psk.size()) {
+  } else if (base64_decode(msg.key, psk.data(), msg.key.size()) != psk.size()) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Invalid encryption key length");
   } else if (!this->parent_->save_noise_psk(psk, true)) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Failed to save encryption key");
@@ -1740,14 +1649,16 @@ void APIConnection::DeferredBatch::add_item(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator c
   // O(n) but optimized for RAM and not performance.
   for (auto &item : items) {
     if (item.entity == entity && item.message_type == message_type) {
-      // Replace with new creator
-      item.creator = creator;
+      // Clean up old creator before replacing
+      item.creator.cleanup(message_type);
+      // Move assign the new creator
+      item.creator = std::move(creator);
       return;
     }
   }
 
   // No existing item found, add new one
-  items.emplace_back(entity, creator, message_type, estimated_size);
+  items.emplace_back(entity, std::move(creator), message_type, estimated_size);
 }
 
 void APIConnection::DeferredBatch::add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type,
@@ -1756,7 +1667,7 @@ void APIConnection::DeferredBatch::add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, MessageCre
   // This avoids expensive vector::insert which shifts all elements
   // Note: We only ever have one high-priority message at a time (ping OR disconnect)
   // If we're disconnecting, pings are blocked, so this simple swap is sufficient
-  items.emplace_back(entity, creator, message_type, estimated_size);
+  items.emplace_back(entity, std::move(creator), message_type, estimated_size);
   if (items.size() > 1) {
     // Swap the new high-priority item to the front
     std::swap(items.front(), items.back());
@@ -1910,7 +1821,7 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
 
   // Handle remaining items more efficiently
   if (items_processed < this->deferred_batch_.size()) {
-    // Remove processed items from the beginning
+    // Remove processed items from the beginning with proper cleanup
     this->deferred_batch_.remove_front(items_processed);
     // Reschedule for remaining items
     this->schedule_batch_();
@@ -1923,10 +1834,10 @@ void APIConnection::process_batch_() {
 uint16_t APIConnection::MessageCreator::operator()(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size,
                                                    bool is_single, uint8_t message_type) const {
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  // Special case: EventResponse uses const char * pointer
+  // Special case: EventResponse uses string pointer
   if (message_type == EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE) {
     auto *e = static_cast<event::Event *>(entity);
-    return APIConnection::try_send_event_response(e, data_.const_char_ptr, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
+    return APIConnection::try_send_event_response(e, *data_.string_ptr, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
   }
 #endif
 
@@ -1964,8 +1875,8 @@ void APIConnection::process_state_subscriptions_() {
   SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse resp;
   resp.set_entity_id(StringRef(it.entity_id));
 
-  // Avoid string copy by using the const char* pointer if it exists
-  resp.set_attribute(it.attribute != nullptr ? StringRef(it.attribute) : StringRef(""));
+  // Avoid string copy by directly using the optional's value if it exists
+  resp.set_attribute(it.attribute.has_value() ? StringRef(it.attribute.value()) : StringRef(""));
 
   resp.once = it.once;
   if (this->send_message(resp, SubscribeHomeAssistantStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE)) {

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  void send_event(event::Event *event, const char *event_type);
+  void send_event(event::Event *event, const std::string &event_type);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
@@ -221,15 +221,8 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   void subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  void send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message);
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  void send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
-                                     const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len);
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool send_noise_encryption_set_key_response(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) override;
@@ -457,7 +450,7 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
                                                     bool is_single);
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  static uint16_t try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const char *event_type, APIConnection *conn,
+  static uint16_t try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const std::string &event_type, APIConnection *conn,
                                           uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single);
   static uint16_t try_send_event_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single);
 #endif
@@ -512,18 +505,51 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
 
   class MessageCreator {
    public:
+    // Constructor for function pointer
     MessageCreator(MessageCreatorPtr ptr) { data_.function_ptr = ptr; }
-    explicit MessageCreator(const char *str_value) { data_.const_char_ptr = str_value; }
+
+    // Constructor for string state capture
+    explicit MessageCreator(const std::string &str_value) { data_.string_ptr = new std::string(str_value); }
+
+    // No destructor - cleanup must be called explicitly with message_type
+
+    // Delete copy operations - MessageCreator should only be moved
+    MessageCreator(const MessageCreator &other) = delete;
+    MessageCreator &operator=(const MessageCreator &other) = delete;
+
+    // Move constructor
+    MessageCreator(MessageCreator &&other) noexcept : data_(other.data_) { other.data_.function_ptr = nullptr; }
+
+    // Move assignment
+    MessageCreator &operator=(MessageCreator &&other) noexcept {
+      if (this != &other) {
+        // IMPORTANT: Caller must ensure cleanup() was called if this contains a string!
+        // In our usage, this happens in add_item() deduplication and vector::erase()
+        data_ = other.data_;
+        other.data_.function_ptr = nullptr;
+      }
+      return *this;
+    }
 
     // Call operator - uses message_type to determine union type
     uint16_t operator()(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single,
                         uint8_t message_type) const;
 
+    // Manual cleanup method - must be called before destruction for string types
+    void cleanup(uint8_t message_type) {
+#ifdef USE_EVENT
+      if (message_type == EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE && data_.string_ptr != nullptr) {
+        delete data_.string_ptr;
+        data_.string_ptr = nullptr;
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+
    private:
     union Data {
       MessageCreatorPtr function_ptr;
-      const char *const_char_ptr;
-    } data_;  // 4 bytes on 32-bit, 8 bytes on 64-bit
+      std::string *string_ptr;
+    } data_;  // 4 bytes on 32-bit, 8 bytes on 64-bit - same as before
   };
 
   // Generic batching mechanism for both state updates and entity info
@@ -536,41 +562,52 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
 
       // Constructor for creating BatchItem
       BatchItem(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size)
-          : entity(entity), creator(creator), message_type(message_type), estimated_size(estimated_size) {}
+          : entity(entity), creator(std::move(creator)), message_type(message_type), estimated_size(estimated_size) {}
     };
 
     std::vector<BatchItem> items;
     uint32_t batch_start_time{0};
 
-    // No pre-allocation - log connections never use batching, and for
-    // connections that do, buffers are released after initial sync anyway
+   private:
+    // Helper to cleanup items from the beginning
+    void cleanup_items_(size_t count) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+        items[i].creator.cleanup(items[i].message_type);
+      }
+    }
+
+   public:
+    DeferredBatch() {
+      // Pre-allocate capacity for typical batch sizes to avoid reallocation
+      items.reserve(8);
+    }
+
+    ~DeferredBatch() {
+      // Ensure cleanup of any remaining items
+      clear();
+    }
 
     // Add item to the batch
     void add_item(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
     // Add item to the front of the batch (for high priority messages like ping)
     void add_item_front(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size);
 
-    // Clear all items
+    // Clear all items with proper cleanup
     void clear() {
+      cleanup_items_(items.size());
       items.clear();
       batch_start_time = 0;
     }
 
-    // Remove processed items from the front
-    void remove_front(size_t count) { items.erase(items.begin(), items.begin() + count); }
+    // Remove processed items from the front with proper cleanup
+    void remove_front(size_t count) {
+      cleanup_items_(count);
+      items.erase(items.begin(), items.begin() + count);
+    }
 
     bool empty() const { return items.empty(); }
     size_t size() const { return items.size(); }
     const BatchItem &operator[](size_t index) const { return items[index]; }
-    // Release excess capacity - only releases if items already empty
-    void release_buffer() {
-      // Safe to call: batch is processed before release_buffer is called,
-      // and if any items remain (partial processing), we must not clear them.
-      // Use swap trick since shrink_to_fit() is non-binding and may be ignored.
-      if (items.empty()) {
-        std::vector<BatchItem>().swap(items);
-      }
-    }
   };
 
   // DeferredBatch here (16 bytes, 4-byte aligned)
@@ -645,30 +682,21 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   }
 #endif
 
-  // Helper to check if a message type should bypass batching
-  // Returns true if:
-  // 1. It's an UpdateStateResponse (always send immediately to handle cases where
-  //    the main loop is blocked, e.g., during OTA updates)
-  // 2. It's an EventResponse (events are edge-triggered - every occurrence matters)
-  // 3. OR: User has opted into immediate sending (should_try_send_immediately = true
-  //    AND batch_delay = 0)
-  inline bool should_send_immediately_(uint8_t message_type) const {
-    return (
-#ifdef USE_UPDATE
-        message_type == UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_EVENT
-        message_type == EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
-#endif
-        (this->flags_.should_try_send_immediately && this->get_batch_delay_ms_() == 0));
-  }
-
   // Helper method to send a message either immediately or via batching
-  // Tries immediate send if should_send_immediately_() returns true and buffer has space
-  // Falls back to batching if immediate send fails or isn't applicable
   bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreatorPtr creator, uint8_t message_type,
                            uint8_t estimated_size) {
-    if (this->should_send_immediately_(message_type) && this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
+    // Try to send immediately if:
+    // 1. It's an UpdateStateResponse (always send immediately to handle cases where
+    //    the main loop is blocked, e.g., during OTA updates)
+    // 2. OR: We should try to send immediately (should_try_send_immediately = true)
+    //        AND Batch delay is 0 (user has opted in to immediate sending)
+    // 3. AND: Buffer has space available
+    if ((
+#ifdef USE_UPDATE
+            message_type == UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE ||
+#endif
+            (this->flags_.should_try_send_immediately && this->get_batch_delay_ms_() == 0)) &&
+        this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
       // Now actually encode and send
       if (creator(entity, this, MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE, true) &&
           this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref()}, message_type)) {
@@ -686,30 +714,9 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
     return this->schedule_message_(entity, creator, message_type, estimated_size);
   }
 
-  // Overload for MessageCreator (used by events which need to capture event_type)
-  bool send_message_smart_(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
-    // Try to send immediately if message type should bypass batching and buffer has space
-    if (this->should_send_immediately_(message_type) && this->helper_->can_write_without_blocking()) {
-      // Now actually encode and send
-      if (creator(entity, this, MAX_BATCH_PACKET_SIZE, true, message_type) &&
-          this->send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer{&this->parent_->get_shared_buffer_ref()}, message_type)) {
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-        // Log the message in verbose mode
-        this->log_proto_message_(entity, creator, message_type);
-#endif
-        return true;
-      }
-
-      // If immediate send failed, fall through to batching
-    }
-
-    // Fall back to scheduled batching
-    return this->schedule_message_(entity, creator, message_type, estimated_size);
-  }
-
   // Helper function to schedule a deferred message with known message type
   bool schedule_message_(EntityBase *entity, MessageCreator creator, uint8_t message_type, uint8_t estimated_size) {
-    this->deferred_batch_.add_item(entity, creator, message_type, estimated_size);
+    this->deferred_batch_.add_item(entity, std::move(creator), message_type, estimated_size);
     return this->schedule_batch_();
   }
 

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper.h

@@ -35,9 +35,10 @@ struct ClientInfo;
 class ProtoWriteBuffer;
 
 struct ReadPacketBuffer {
-  const uint8_t *data;  // Points directly into frame helper's rx_buf_ (valid until next read_packet call)
-  uint16_t data_len;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> container;
   uint16_t type;
+  uint16_t data_offset;
+  uint16_t data_len;
 };
 
 // Packed packet info structure to minimize memory usage
@@ -83,7 +84,9 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
  public:
   APIFrameHelper() = default;
   explicit APIFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, const ClientInfo *client_info)
-      : socket_(std::move(socket)), client_info_(client_info) {}
+      : socket_owned_(std::move(socket)), client_info_(client_info) {
+    socket_ = socket_owned_.get();
+  }
   virtual ~APIFrameHelper() = default;
   virtual APIError init() = 0;
   virtual APIError loop();
@@ -118,22 +121,6 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   uint8_t frame_footer_size() const { return frame_footer_size_; }
   // Check if socket has data ready to read
   bool is_socket_ready() const { return socket_ != nullptr && socket_->ready(); }
-  // Release excess memory from internal buffers after initial sync
-  void release_buffers() {
-    // rx_buf_: Safe to clear only if no partial read in progress.
-    // rx_buf_len_ tracks bytes read so far; if non-zero, we're mid-frame
-    // and clearing would lose partially received data.
-    if (this->rx_buf_len_ == 0) {
-      // Use swap trick since shrink_to_fit() is non-binding and may be ignored
-      std::vector<uint8_t>().swap(this->rx_buf_);
-    }
-    // reusable_iovs_: Safe to release unconditionally.
-    // Only used within write_protobuf_packets() calls - cleared at start,
-    // populated with pointers, used for writev(), then function returns.
-    // The iovecs contain stale pointers after the call (data was either sent
-    // or copied to tx_buf_), and are cleared on next write_protobuf_packets().
-    std::vector<struct iovec>().swap(this->reusable_iovs_);
-  }
 
  protected:
   // Buffer containing data to be sent
@@ -162,8 +149,9 @@ class APIFrameHelper {
   APIError write_raw_(const struct iovec *iov, int iovcnt, socket::Socket *socket, std::vector<uint8_t> &tx_buf,
                       const std::string &info, StateEnum &state, StateEnum failed_state);
 
-  // Socket ownership (4 bytes on 32-bit, 8 bytes on 64-bit)
-  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_;
+  // Pointers first (4 bytes each)
+  socket::Socket *socket_{nullptr};
+  std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_owned_;
 
   // Common state enum for all frame helpers
   // Note: Not all states are used by all implementations

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -239,13 +239,12 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
   }
   if (state_ == State::SERVER_HELLO) {
     // send server hello
-    constexpr size_t mac_len = 13;  // 12 hex chars + null terminator
     const std::string &name = App.get_name();
-    char mac[mac_len];
-    get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac);
+    const std::string &mac = get_mac_address();
 
     // Calculate positions and sizes
     size_t name_len = name.size() + 1;  // including null terminator
+    size_t mac_len = mac.size() + 1;    // including null terminator
     size_t name_offset = 1;
     size_t mac_offset = name_offset + name_len;
     size_t total_size = 1 + name_len + mac_len;
@@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::state_action_() {
     // node name, terminated by null byte
     std::memcpy(msg.get() + name_offset, name.c_str(), name_len);
     // node mac, terminated by null byte
-    std::memcpy(msg.get() + mac_offset, mac, mac_len);
+    std::memcpy(msg.get() + mac_offset, mac.c_str(), mac_len);
 
     aerr = write_frame_(msg.get(), total_size);
     if (aerr != APIError::OK)
@@ -407,7 +406,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
     return APIError::BAD_DATA_PACKET;
   }
 
-  buffer->data = msg_data + 4;  // Skip 4-byte header (type + length)
+  buffer->container = std::move(this->rx_buf_);
+  buffer->data_offset = 4;
   buffer->data_len = data_len;
   buffer->type = type;
   return APIError::OK;
@@ -434,7 +434,8 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, st
     return APIError::OK;
   }
 
-  uint8_t *buffer_data = buffer.get_buffer()->data();
+  std::vector<uint8_t> *raw_buffer = buffer.get_buffer();
+  uint8_t *buffer_data = raw_buffer->data();  // Cache buffer pointer
 
   this->reusable_iovs_.clear();
   this->reusable_iovs_.reserve(packets.size());
@@ -527,7 +528,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_handshake_() {
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
 
-  const auto &psk = this->ctx_.get_psk();
+  const auto &psk = ctx_->get_psk();
   err = noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key(handshake_, psk.data(), psk.size());
   aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_set_pre_shared_key"),
                              APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);
@@ -539,8 +540,7 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::init_handshake_() {
   if (aerr != APIError::OK)
     return aerr;
   // set_prologue copies it into handshakestate, so we can get rid of it now
-  // Use swap idiom to actually release memory (= {} only clears size, not capacity)
-  std::vector<uint8_t>().swap(prologue_);
+  prologue_ = {};
 
   err = noise_handshakestate_start(handshake_);
   aerr = handle_noise_error_(err, LOG_STR("noise_handshakestate_start"), APIError::HANDSHAKESTATE_SETUP_FAILED);

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.h

@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 
 class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
  public:
-  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, APINoiseContext &ctx, const ClientInfo *client_info)
-      : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket), client_info), ctx_(ctx) {
+  APINoiseFrameHelper(std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket, std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx,
+                      const ClientInfo *client_info)
+      : APIFrameHelper(std::move(socket), client_info), ctx_(std::move(ctx)) {
     // Noise header structure:
     // Pos 0: indicator (0x01)
     // Pos 1-2: encrypted payload size (16-bit big-endian)
@@ -40,8 +41,8 @@ class APINoiseFrameHelper final : public APIFrameHelper {
   NoiseCipherState *send_cipher_{nullptr};
   NoiseCipherState *recv_cipher_{nullptr};
 
-  // Reference to noise context (4 bytes on 32-bit)
-  APINoiseContext &ctx_;
+  // Shared pointer (8 bytes on 32-bit = 4 bytes control block pointer + 4 bytes object pointer)
+  std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> ctx_;
 
   // Vector (12 bytes on 32-bit)
   std::vector<uint8_t> prologue_;

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp

@@ -210,7 +210,8 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::read_packet(ReadPacketBuffer *buffer) {
     return aerr;
   }
 
-  buffer->data = this->rx_buf_.data();
+  buffer->container = std::move(this->rx_buf_);
+  buffer->data_offset = 0;
   buffer->data_len = this->rx_header_parsed_len_;
   buffer->type = this->rx_header_parsed_type_;
   return APIError::OK;
@@ -229,7 +230,8 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::write_protobuf_packets(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer
     return APIError::OK;
   }
 
-  uint8_t *buffer_data = buffer.get_buffer()->data();
+  std::vector<uint8_t> *raw_buffer = buffer.get_buffer();
+  uint8_t *buffer_data = raw_buffer->data();  // Cache buffer pointer
 
   this->reusable_iovs_.clear();
   this->reusable_iovs_.reserve(packets.size());

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -355,8 +355,8 @@ void ListEntitiesFanResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(10, this->icon_ref_);
 #endif
   buffer.encode_uint32(11, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
-  for (const char *it : *this->supported_preset_modes) {
-    buffer.encode_string(12, it, strlen(it), true);
+  for (const auto &it : *this->supported_preset_modes) {
+    buffer.encode_string(12, it, true);
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(13, this->device_id);
@@ -376,8 +376,8 @@ void ListEntitiesFanResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
 #endif
   size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
   if (!this->supported_preset_modes->empty()) {
-    for (const char *it : *this->supported_preset_modes) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+    for (const auto &it : *this->supported_preset_modes) {
+      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
     }
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
@@ -476,8 +476,8 @@ void ListEntitiesLightResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   }
   buffer.encode_float(9, this->min_mireds);
   buffer.encode_float(10, this->max_mireds);
-  for (const char *it : *this->effects) {
-    buffer.encode_string(11, it, strlen(it), true);
+  for (auto &it : this->effects) {
+    buffer.encode_string(11, it, true);
   }
   buffer.encode_bool(13, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
@@ -499,9 +499,9 @@ void ListEntitiesLightResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   }
   size.add_float(1, this->min_mireds);
   size.add_float(1, this->max_mireds);
-  if (!this->effects->empty()) {
-    for (const char *it : *this->effects) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+  if (!this->effects.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->effects) {
+      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
     }
   }
   size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
@@ -611,12 +611,9 @@ bool LightCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
 }
 bool LightCommandRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
-    case 19: {
-      // Use raw data directly to avoid allocation
-      this->effect = value.data();
-      this->effect_len = value.size();
+    case 19:
+      this->effect = value.as_string();
       break;
-    }
     default:
       return false;
   }
@@ -998,7 +995,7 @@ bool GetTimeResponse::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
   }
   return true;
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->name_ref_);
   buffer.encode_uint32(2, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->type));
@@ -1013,13 +1010,11 @@ void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   for (auto &it : this->args) {
     buffer.encode_message(3, it, true);
   }
-  buffer.encode_uint32(4, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
 }
 void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->name_ref_.size());
   size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
   size.add_repeated_message(1, this->args);
-  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
 }
 bool ExecuteServiceArgument::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1080,23 +1075,6 @@ void ExecuteServiceArgument::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   this->string_array.init(count_string_array);
   ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(buffer, length);
 }
-bool ExecuteServiceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
-  switch (field_id) {
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-    case 3:
-      this->call_id = value.as_uint32();
-      break;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-    case 4:
-      this->return_response = value.as_bool();
-      break;
-#endif
-    default:
-      return false;
-  }
-  return true;
-}
 bool ExecuteServiceRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
@@ -1124,24 +1102,6 @@ void ExecuteServiceRequest::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(buffer, length);
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-void ExecuteServiceResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
-  buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->call_id);
-  buffer.encode_bool(2, this->success);
-  buffer.encode_string(3, this->error_message_ref_);
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  buffer.encode_bytes(4, this->response_data, this->response_data_len);
-#endif
-}
-void ExecuteServiceResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
-  size.add_uint32(1, this->call_id);
-  size.add_bool(1, this->success);
-  size.add_length(1, this->error_message_ref_.size());
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  size.add_length(4, this->response_data_len);
-#endif
-}
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id_ref_);
@@ -1219,14 +1179,14 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   for (const auto &it : *this->supported_swing_modes) {
     buffer.encode_uint32(14, static_cast<uint32_t>(it), true);
   }
-  for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_fan_modes) {
-    buffer.encode_string(15, it, strlen(it), true);
+  for (const auto &it : *this->supported_custom_fan_modes) {
+    buffer.encode_string(15, it, true);
   }
   for (const auto &it : *this->supported_presets) {
     buffer.encode_uint32(16, static_cast<uint32_t>(it), true);
   }
-  for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_presets) {
-    buffer.encode_string(17, it, strlen(it), true);
+  for (const auto &it : *this->supported_custom_presets) {
+    buffer.encode_string(17, it, true);
   }
   buffer.encode_bool(18, this->disabled_by_default);
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
@@ -1269,8 +1229,8 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_custom_fan_modes->empty()) {
-    for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_fan_modes) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+    for (const auto &it : *this->supported_custom_fan_modes) {
+      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_presets->empty()) {
@@ -1279,8 +1239,8 @@ void ListEntitiesClimateResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
     }
   }
   if (!this->supported_custom_presets->empty()) {
-    for (const char *it : *this->supported_custom_presets) {
-      size.add_length_force(2, strlen(it));
+    for (const auto &it : *this->supported_custom_presets) {
+      size.add_length_force(2, it.size());
     }
   }
   size.add_bool(2, this->disabled_by_default);
@@ -1515,8 +1475,8 @@ void ListEntitiesSelectResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
 #ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
   buffer.encode_string(5, this->icon_ref_);
 #endif
-  for (const char *it : *this->options) {
-    buffer.encode_string(6, it, strlen(it), true);
+  for (const auto &it : *this->options) {
+    buffer.encode_string(6, it, true);
   }
   buffer.encode_bool(7, this->disabled_by_default);
   buffer.encode_uint32(8, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
@@ -1532,8 +1492,8 @@ void ListEntitiesSelectResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->icon_ref_.size());
 #endif
   if (!this->options->empty()) {
-    for (const char *it : *this->options) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+    for (const auto &it : *this->options) {
+      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
     }
   }
   size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
@@ -1572,12 +1532,9 @@ bool SelectCommandRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
 }
 bool SelectCommandRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
-    case 2: {
-      // Use raw data directly to avoid allocation
-      this->state = value.data();
-      this->state_len = value.size();
+    case 2:
+      this->state = value.as_string();
       break;
-    }
     default:
       return false;
   }
@@ -2920,8 +2877,8 @@ void ListEntitiesEventResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_bool(6, this->disabled_by_default);
   buffer.encode_uint32(7, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
   buffer.encode_string(8, this->device_class_ref_);
-  for (const char *it : *this->event_types) {
-    buffer.encode_string(9, it, strlen(it), true);
+  for (auto &it : this->event_types) {
+    buffer.encode_string(9, it, true);
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   buffer.encode_uint32(10, this->device_id);
@@ -2937,9 +2894,9 @@ void ListEntitiesEventResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
   size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
   size.add_length(1, this->device_class_ref_.size());
-  if (!this->event_types->empty()) {
-    for (const char *it : *this->event_types) {
-      size.add_length_force(1, strlen(it));
+  if (!this->event_types.empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : this->event_types) {
+      size.add_length_force(1, it.size());
     }
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ enum SensorStateClass : uint32_t {
   STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT = 1,
   STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING = 2,
   STATE_CLASS_TOTAL = 3,
-  STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT_ANGLE = 4,
 };
 #endif
 enum LogLevel : uint32_t {
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ enum LogLevel : uint32_t {
   LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE = 6,
   LOG_LEVEL_VERY_VERBOSE = 7,
 };
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 enum ServiceArgType : uint32_t {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL = 0,
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_INT = 1,
@@ -75,12 +74,6 @@ enum ServiceArgType : uint32_t {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_FLOAT_ARRAY = 6,
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY = 7,
 };
-enum SupportsResponseType : uint32_t {
-  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE = 0,
-  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL = 1,
-  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY = 2,
-  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS = 100,
-};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
 enum ClimateMode : uint32_t {
@@ -732,7 +725,7 @@ class ListEntitiesFanResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_speed{false};
   bool supports_direction{false};
   int32_t supported_speed_count{0};
-  const std::vector<const char *> *supported_preset_modes{};
+  const std::set<std::string> *supported_preset_modes{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -800,7 +793,7 @@ class ListEntitiesLightResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   const light::ColorModeMask *supported_color_modes{};
   float min_mireds{0.0f};
   float max_mireds{0.0f};
-  const FixedVector<const char *> *effects{};
+  std::vector<std::string> effects{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -840,7 +833,7 @@ class LightStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 class LightCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 32;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 122;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 112;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "light_command_request"; }
 #endif
@@ -869,8 +862,7 @@ class LightCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
   bool has_flash_length{false};
   uint32_t flash_length{0};
   bool has_effect{false};
-  const uint8_t *effect{nullptr};
-  uint16_t effect_len{0};
+  std::string effect{};
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -1247,7 +1239,7 @@ class GetTimeResponse final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
 };
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   StringRef name_ref_{};
@@ -1264,7 +1256,7 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
 class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 41;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 50;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 48;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_services_response"; }
 #endif
@@ -1272,7 +1264,6 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   void set_name(const StringRef &ref) { this->name_ref_ = ref; }
   uint32_t key{0};
   FixedVector<ListEntitiesServicesArgument> args{};
-  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -1305,18 +1296,12 @@ class ExecuteServiceArgument final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 42;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 45;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 39;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "execute_service_request"; }
 #endif
   uint32_t key{0};
   FixedVector<ExecuteServiceArgument> args{};
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  uint32_t call_id{0};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  bool return_response{false};
-#endif
   void decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
@@ -1325,32 +1310,6 @@ class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
-  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
-};
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-class ExecuteServiceResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
- public:
-  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 131;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-  const char *message_name() const override { return "execute_service_response"; }
-#endif
-  uint32_t call_id{0};
-  bool success{false};
-  StringRef error_message_ref_{};
-  void set_error_message(const StringRef &ref) { this->error_message_ref_ = ref; }
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  const uint8_t *response_data{nullptr};
-  uint16_t response_data_len{0};
-#endif
-  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
-  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-  void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
-#endif
-
- protected:
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
@@ -1425,9 +1384,9 @@ class ListEntitiesClimateResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
   bool supports_action{false};
   const climate::ClimateFanModeMask *supported_fan_modes{};
   const climate::ClimateSwingModeMask *supported_swing_modes{};
-  const std::vector<const char *> *supported_custom_fan_modes{};
+  const std::vector<std::string> *supported_custom_fan_modes{};
   const climate::ClimatePresetMask *supported_presets{};
-  const std::vector<const char *> *supported_custom_presets{};
+  const std::vector<std::string> *supported_custom_presets{};
   float visual_current_temperature_step{0.0f};
   bool supports_current_humidity{false};
   bool supports_target_humidity{false};
@@ -1575,7 +1534,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSelectResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_select_response"; }
 #endif
-  const FixedVector<const char *> *options{};
+  const std::vector<std::string> *options{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -1605,12 +1564,11 @@ class SelectStateResponse final : public StateResponseProtoMessage {
 class SelectCommandRequest final : public CommandProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 54;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 28;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 18;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "select_command_request"; }
 #endif
-  const uint8_t *state{nullptr};
-  uint16_t state_len{0};
+  std::string state{};
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
 #endif
@@ -2830,7 +2788,7 @@ class ListEntitiesEventResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #endif
   StringRef device_class_ref_{};
   void set_device_class(const StringRef &ref) { this->device_class_ref_ = ref; }
-  const FixedVector<const char *> *event_types{};
+  std::vector<std::string> event_types{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ static void dump_field(std::string &out, const char *field_name, float value, in
 static void dump_field(std::string &out, const char *field_name, uint64_t value, int indent = 2) {
   char buffer[64];
   append_field_prefix(out, field_name, indent);
-  snprintf(buffer, 64, "%" PRIu64, value);
+  snprintf(buffer, 64, "%llu", value);
   append_with_newline(out, buffer);
 }
 
@@ -88,12 +88,6 @@ static void dump_field(std::string &out, const char *field_name, StringRef value
   out.append("\n");
 }
 
-static void dump_field(std::string &out, const char *field_name, const char *value, int indent = 2) {
-  append_field_prefix(out, field_name, indent);
-  out.append("'").append(value).append("'");
-  out.append("\n");
-}
-
 template<typename T> static void dump_field(std::string &out, const char *field_name, T value, int indent = 2) {
   append_field_prefix(out, field_name, indent);
   out.append(proto_enum_to_string<T>(value));
@@ -179,8 +173,6 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SensorStateClass>(enums::Sens
       return "STATE_CLASS_TOTAL_INCREASING";
     case enums::STATE_CLASS_TOTAL:
       return "STATE_CLASS_TOTAL";
-    case enums::STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT_ANGLE:
-      return "STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT_ANGLE";
     default:
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
@@ -208,7 +200,7 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::LogLevel>(enums::LogLevel val
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ServiceArgType>(enums::ServiceArgType value) {
   switch (value) {
     case enums::SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_BOOL:
@@ -231,20 +223,6 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ServiceArgType>(enums::Servic
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
 }
-template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SupportsResponseType>(enums::SupportsResponseType value) {
-  switch (value) {
-    case enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE:
-      return "SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE";
-    case enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL:
-      return "SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL";
-    case enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY:
-      return "SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY";
-    case enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS:
-      return "SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS";
-    default:
-      return "UNKNOWN";
-  }
-}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ClimateMode>(enums::ClimateMode value) {
@@ -940,7 +918,7 @@ void ListEntitiesLightResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   }
   dump_field(out, "min_mireds", this->min_mireds);
   dump_field(out, "max_mireds", this->max_mireds);
-  for (const auto &it : *this->effects) {
+  for (const auto &it : this->effects) {
     dump_field(out, "effects", it, 4);
   }
   dump_field(out, "disabled_by_default", this->disabled_by_default);
@@ -999,9 +977,7 @@ void LightCommandRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "has_flash_length", this->has_flash_length);
   dump_field(out, "flash_length", this->flash_length);
   dump_field(out, "has_effect", this->has_effect);
-  out.append("  effect: ");
-  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->effect, this->effect_len));
-  out.append("\n");
+  dump_field(out, "effect", this->effect);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   dump_field(out, "device_id", this->device_id);
 #endif
@@ -1195,7 +1171,7 @@ void GetTimeResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->timezone, this->timezone_len));
   out.append("\n");
 }
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 void ListEntitiesServicesArgument::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ListEntitiesServicesArgument");
   dump_field(out, "name", this->name_ref_);
@@ -1210,7 +1186,6 @@ void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
     it.dump_to(out);
     out.append("\n");
   }
-  dump_field(out, "supports_response", static_cast<enums::SupportsResponseType>(this->supports_response));
 }
 void ExecuteServiceArgument::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ExecuteServiceArgument");
@@ -1240,25 +1215,6 @@ void ExecuteServiceRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
     it.dump_to(out);
     out.append("\n");
   }
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  dump_field(out, "call_id", this->call_id);
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  dump_field(out, "return_response", this->return_response);
-#endif
-}
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-void ExecuteServiceResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
-  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ExecuteServiceResponse");
-  dump_field(out, "call_id", this->call_id);
-  dump_field(out, "success", this->success);
-  dump_field(out, "error_message", this->error_message_ref_);
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  out.append("  response_data: ");
-  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->response_data, this->response_data_len));
-  out.append("\n");
-#endif
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
@@ -1455,9 +1411,7 @@ void SelectStateResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
 void SelectCommandRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "SelectCommandRequest");
   dump_field(out, "key", this->key);
-  out.append("  state: ");
-  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->state, this->state_len));
-  out.append("\n");
+  dump_field(out, "state", this->state);
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES
   dump_field(out, "device_id", this->device_id);
 #endif
@@ -2093,7 +2047,7 @@ void ListEntitiesEventResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   dump_field(out, "disabled_by_default", this->disabled_by_default);
   dump_field(out, "entity_category", static_cast<enums::EntityCategory>(this->entity_category));
   dump_field(out, "device_class", this->device_class_ref_);
-  for (const auto &it : *this->event_types) {
+  for (const auto &it : this->event_types) {
     dump_field(out, "event_types", it, 4);
   }
 #ifdef USE_DEVICES

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::log_send_message_(const char *name, const std::str
 }
 #endif
 
-void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {
+void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) {
   switch (msg_type) {
     case HelloRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       HelloRequest msg;
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       break;
     }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
     case ExecuteServiceRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
       ExecuteServiceRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
@@ -670,7 +670,7 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const Subsc
   this->subscribe_home_assistant_states(msg);
 }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 void APIServerConnection::on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) { this->execute_service(msg); }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -827,7 +827,7 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) { th
 void APIServerConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) { this->zwave_proxy_request(msg); }
 #endif
 
-void APIServerConnection::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {
+void APIServerConnection::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) {
   // Check authentication/connection requirements for messages
   switch (msg_type) {
     case HelloRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE:  // No setup required

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 
   virtual void on_get_time_response(const GetTimeResponse &value){};
 
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   virtual void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &value){};
 #endif
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
   virtual void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &value){};
 #endif
  protected:
-  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) override;
+  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) override;
 };
 
 class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   virtual void subscribe_home_assistant_states(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   virtual void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   void on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(const SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   void on_execute_service_request(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
-  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) override;
+  void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) override;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 #include "api_connection.h"
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
-#include "esphome/core/controller_registry.h"
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -35,7 +34,7 @@ APIServer::APIServer() {
 }
 
 void APIServer::setup() {
-  ControllerRegistry::register_controller(this);
+  this->setup_controller();
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   uint32_t hash = 88491486UL;
@@ -52,6 +51,11 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 #endif
 #endif
 
+  // Schedule reboot if no clients connect within timeout
+  if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
+    this->schedule_reboot_timeout_();
+  }
+
   this->socket_ = socket::socket_ip_loop_monitored(SOCK_STREAM, 0);  // monitored for incoming connections
   if (this->socket_ == nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Could not create socket");
@@ -96,22 +100,42 @@ void APIServer::setup() {
 
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
   if (logger::global_logger != nullptr) {
-    logger::global_logger->add_log_listener(this);
+    logger::global_logger->add_on_log_callback(
+        [this](int level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
+          if (this->shutting_down_) {
+            // Don't try to send logs during shutdown
+            // as it could result in a recursion and
+            // we would be filling a buffer we are trying to clear
+            return;
+          }
+          for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+            if (!c->flags_.remove && c->get_log_subscription_level() >= level)
+              c->try_send_log_message(level, tag, message, message_len);
+          }
+        });
   }
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
   if (camera::Camera::instance() != nullptr && !camera::Camera::instance()->is_internal()) {
-    camera::Camera::instance()->add_listener(this);
+    camera::Camera::instance()->add_image_callback([this](const std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> &image) {
+      for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
+        if (!c->flags_.remove)
+          c->set_camera_state(image);
+      }
+    });
   }
 #endif
+}
 
-  // Initialize last_connected_ for reboot timeout tracking
-  this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-  // Set warning status if reboot timeout is enabled
-  if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
-    this->status_set_warning();
-  }
+void APIServer::schedule_reboot_timeout_() {
+  this->status_set_warning();
+  this->set_timeout("api_reboot", this->reboot_timeout_, []() {
+    if (!global_api_server->is_connected()) {
+      ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No clients; rebooting");
+      App.reboot();
+    }
+  });
 }
 
 void APIServer::loop() {
@@ -139,24 +163,15 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
       this->clients_.emplace_back(conn);
       conn->start();
 
-      // First client connected - clear warning and update timestamp
+      // Clear warning status and cancel reboot when first client connects
       if (this->clients_.size() == 1 && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
         this->status_clear_warning();
-        this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+        this->cancel_timeout("api_reboot");
       }
     }
   }
 
   if (this->clients_.empty()) {
-    // Check reboot timeout - done in loop to avoid scheduler heap churn
-    // (cancelled scheduler items sit in heap memory until their scheduled time)
-    if (this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
-      const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-      if (now - this->last_connected_ > this->reboot_timeout_) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No clients; rebooting");
-        App.reboot();
-      }
-    }
     return;
   }
 
@@ -186,9 +201,6 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     // Rare case: handle disconnection
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
     this->client_disconnected_trigger_->trigger(client->client_info_.name, client->client_info_.peername);
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-    this->unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(client.get());
 #endif
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Remove connection %s", client->client_info_.name.c_str());
 
@@ -198,10 +210,9 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     }
     this->clients_.pop_back();
 
-    // Last client disconnected - set warning and start tracking for reboot timeout
+    // Schedule reboot when last client disconnects
     if (this->clients_.empty() && this->reboot_timeout_ != 0) {
-      this->status_set_warning();
-      this->last_connected_ = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
+      this->schedule_reboot_timeout_();
     }
     // Don't increment client_index since we need to process the swapped element
   }
@@ -213,10 +224,10 @@ void APIServer::dump_config() {
                 "  Address: %s:%u\n"
                 "  Listen backlog: %u\n"
                 "  Max connections: %u",
-                network::get_use_address(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, this->max_connections_);
+                network::get_use_address().c_str(), this->port_, this->listen_backlog_, this->max_connections_);
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()));
-  if (!this->noise_ctx_.has_psk()) {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Noise encryption: %s", YESNO(this->noise_ctx_->has_psk()));
+  if (!this->noise_ctx_->has_psk()) {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Supports encryption: YES");
   }
 #else
@@ -258,7 +269,7 @@ bool APIServer::check_password(const uint8_t *password_data, size_t password_len
 
 void APIServer::handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn) {}
 
-// Macro for controller update dispatch
+// Macro for entities without extra parameters
 #define API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(entity_type, entity_name) \
   void APIServer::on_##entity_name##_update(entity_type *obj) { /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */ \
     if (obj->is_internal()) \
@@ -267,6 +278,15 @@ void APIServer::handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn) {}
       c->send_##entity_name##_state(obj); \
   }
 
+// Macro for entities with extra parameters (but parameters not used in send)
+#define API_DISPATCH_UPDATE_IGNORE_PARAMS(entity_type, entity_name, ...) \
+  void APIServer::on_##entity_name##_update(entity_type *obj, __VA_ARGS__) { /* NOLINT(bugprone-macro-parentheses) */ \
+    if (obj->is_internal()) \
+      return; \
+    for (auto &c : this->clients_) \
+      c->send_##entity_name##_state(obj); \
+  }
+
 #ifdef USE_BINARY_SENSOR
 API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(binary_sensor::BinarySensor, binary_sensor)
 #endif
@@ -284,15 +304,15 @@ API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(light::LightState, light)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(sensor::Sensor, sensor)
+API_DISPATCH_UPDATE_IGNORE_PARAMS(sensor::Sensor, sensor, float state)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
-API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(switch_::Switch, switch)
+API_DISPATCH_UPDATE_IGNORE_PARAMS(switch_::Switch, switch, bool state)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(text_sensor::TextSensor, text_sensor)
+API_DISPATCH_UPDATE_IGNORE_PARAMS(text_sensor::TextSensor, text_sensor, const std::string &state)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
@@ -300,7 +320,7 @@ API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(climate::Climate, climate)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(number::Number, number)
+API_DISPATCH_UPDATE_IGNORE_PARAMS(number::Number, number, float state)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
@@ -316,11 +336,11 @@ API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(datetime::DateTimeEntity, datetime)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
-API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(text::Text, text)
+API_DISPATCH_UPDATE_IGNORE_PARAMS(text::Text, text, const std::string &state)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(select::Select, select)
+API_DISPATCH_UPDATE_IGNORE_PARAMS(select::Select, select, const std::string &state, size_t index)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
@@ -336,13 +356,12 @@ API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(media_player::MediaPlayer, media_player)
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-// Event is a special case - unlike other entities with simple state fields,
-// events store their state in a member accessed via obj->get_last_event_type()
-void APIServer::on_event(event::Event *obj) {
+// Event is a special case - it's the only entity that passes extra parameters to the send method
+void APIServer::on_event(event::Event *obj, const std::string &event_type) {
   if (obj->is_internal())
     return;
   for (auto &c : this->clients_)
-    c->send_event(obj, obj->get_last_event_type());
+    c->send_event(obj, event_type);
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -419,56 +438,25 @@ void APIServer::handle_action_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-// Helper to add subscription (reduces duplication)
-void APIServer::add_state_subscription_(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute,
-                                        std::function<void(std::string)> f, bool once) {
-  this->state_subs_.push_back(HomeAssistantStateSubscription{
-      .entity_id = entity_id, .attribute = attribute, .callback = std::move(f), .once = once,
-      // entity_id_dynamic_storage and attribute_dynamic_storage remain nullptr (no heap allocation)
-  });
-}
-
-// Helper to add subscription with heap-allocated strings (reduces duplication)
-void APIServer::add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                                        std::function<void(std::string)> f, bool once) {
-  HomeAssistantStateSubscription sub;
-  // Allocate heap storage for the strings
-  sub.entity_id_dynamic_storage = std::make_unique<std::string>(std::move(entity_id));
-  sub.entity_id = sub.entity_id_dynamic_storage->c_str();
-
-  if (attribute.has_value()) {
-    sub.attribute_dynamic_storage = std::make_unique<std::string>(std::move(attribute.value()));
-    sub.attribute = sub.attribute_dynamic_storage->c_str();
-  } else {
-    sub.attribute = nullptr;
-  }
-
-  sub.callback = std::move(f);
-  sub.once = once;
-  this->state_subs_.push_back(std::move(sub));
-}
-
-// New const char* overload (for internal components - zero allocation)
-void APIServer::subscribe_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute,
-                                               std::function<void(std::string)> f) {
-  this->add_state_subscription_(entity_id, attribute, std::move(f), false);
-}
-
-void APIServer::get_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute,
-                                         std::function<void(std::string)> f) {
-  this->add_state_subscription_(entity_id, attribute, std::move(f), true);
-}
-
-// Existing std::string overload (for custom_api_device.h - heap allocation)
 void APIServer::subscribe_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
                                                std::function<void(std::string)> f) {
-  this->add_state_subscription_(std::move(entity_id), std::move(attribute), std::move(f), false);
+  this->state_subs_.push_back(HomeAssistantStateSubscription{
+      .entity_id = std::move(entity_id),
+      .attribute = std::move(attribute),
+      .callback = std::move(f),
+      .once = false,
+  });
 }
 
 void APIServer::get_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
                                          std::function<void(std::string)> f) {
-  this->add_state_subscription_(std::move(entity_id), std::move(attribute), std::move(f), true);
-}
+  this->state_subs_.push_back(HomeAssistantStateSubscription{
+      .entity_id = std::move(entity_id),
+      .attribute = std::move(attribute),
+      .callback = std::move(f),
+      .once = true,
+  });
+};
 
 const std::vector<APIServer::HomeAssistantStateSubscription> &APIServer::get_state_subs() const {
   return this->state_subs_;
@@ -512,7 +500,7 @@ bool APIServer::save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active) {
   ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Key set in YAML");
   return false;
 #else
-  auto &old_psk = this->noise_ctx_.get_psk();
+  auto &old_psk = this->noise_ctx_->get_psk();
   if (std::equal(old_psk.begin(), old_psk.end(), psk.begin())) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "New PSK matches old");
     return true;
@@ -547,42 +535,7 @@ void APIServer::request_time() {
 }
 #endif
 
-bool APIServer::is_connected(bool state_subscription_only) const {
-  if (!state_subscription_only) {
-    return !this->clients_.empty();
-  }
-
-  for (const auto &client : this->clients_) {
-    if (client->flags_.state_subscription) {
-      return true;
-    }
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-void APIServer::on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) {
-  if (this->shutting_down_) {
-    // Don't try to send logs during shutdown
-    // as it could result in a recursion and
-    // we would be filling a buffer we are trying to clear
-    return;
-  }
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
-    if (!c->flags_.remove && c->get_log_subscription_level() >= level)
-      c->try_send_log_message(level, tag, message, message_len);
-  }
-}
-#endif
-
-#ifdef USE_CAMERA
-void APIServer::on_camera_image(const std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> &image) {
-  for (auto &c : this->clients_) {
-    if (!c->flags_.remove)
-      c->set_camera_state(image);
-  }
-}
-#endif
+bool APIServer::is_connected() const { return !this->clients_.empty(); }
 
 void APIServer::on_shutdown() {
   this->shutting_down_ = true;
@@ -619,84 +572,5 @@ bool APIServer::teardown() {
   return this->clients_.empty();
 }
 
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-// Timeout for action calls - matches aioesphomeapi client timeout (default 30s)
-// Can be overridden via USE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS define for testing
-#ifndef USE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS
-#define USE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS 30000  // NOLINT
-#endif
-
-uint32_t APIServer::register_active_action_call(uint32_t client_call_id, APIConnection *conn) {
-  uint32_t action_call_id = this->next_action_call_id_++;
-  // Handle wraparound (skip 0 as it means "no call")
-  if (this->next_action_call_id_ == 0) {
-    this->next_action_call_id_ = 1;
-  }
-  this->active_action_calls_.push_back({action_call_id, client_call_id, conn});
-
-  // Schedule automatic cleanup after timeout (client will have given up by then)
-  this->set_timeout(str_sprintf("action_call_%u", action_call_id), USE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS,
-                    [this, action_call_id]() {
-                      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Action call %u timed out", action_call_id);
-                      this->unregister_active_action_call(action_call_id);
-                    });
-
-  return action_call_id;
-}
-
-void APIServer::unregister_active_action_call(uint32_t action_call_id) {
-  // Cancel the timeout for this action call
-  this->cancel_timeout(str_sprintf("action_call_%u", action_call_id));
-
-  // Swap-and-pop is more efficient than remove_if for unordered vectors
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < this->active_action_calls_.size(); i++) {
-    if (this->active_action_calls_[i].action_call_id == action_call_id) {
-      std::swap(this->active_action_calls_[i], this->active_action_calls_.back());
-      this->active_action_calls_.pop_back();
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void APIServer::unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(APIConnection *conn) {
-  // Remove all active action calls for disconnected connection using swap-and-pop
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < this->active_action_calls_.size();) {
-    if (this->active_action_calls_[i].connection == conn) {
-      // Cancel the timeout for this action call
-      this->cancel_timeout(str_sprintf("action_call_%u", this->active_action_calls_[i].action_call_id));
-
-      std::swap(this->active_action_calls_[i], this->active_action_calls_.back());
-      this->active_action_calls_.pop_back();
-      // Don't increment i - need to check the swapped element
-    } else {
-      i++;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-void APIServer::send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message) {
-  for (auto &call : this->active_action_calls_) {
-    if (call.action_call_id == action_call_id) {
-      call.connection->send_execute_service_response(call.client_call_id, success, error_message);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send response: no active call found for action_call_id %u", action_call_id);
-}
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-void APIServer::send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
-                                     const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len) {
-  for (auto &call : this->active_action_calls_) {
-    if (call.action_call_id == action_call_id) {
-      call.connection->send_execute_service_response(call.client_call_id, success, error_message, response_data,
-                                                     response_data_len);
-      return;
-    }
-  }
-  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send response: no active call found for action_call_id %u", action_call_id);
-}
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -12,39 +12,22 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "list_entities.h"
 #include "subscribe_state.h"
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-#include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CAMERA
-#include "esphome/components/camera/camera.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+#include "user_services.h"
 #endif
 
+#include <map>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
-// Forward declaration - full definition in user_services.h
-class UserServiceDescriptor;
-#endif
-
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 struct SavedNoisePsk {
   psk_t psk;
 } PACKED;  // NOLINT
 #endif
 
-class APIServer : public Component,
-                  public Controller
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-    ,
-                  public logger::LogListener
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CAMERA
-    ,
-                  public camera::CameraListener
-#endif
-{
+class APIServer : public Component, public Controller {
  public:
   APIServer();
   void setup() override;
@@ -54,12 +37,6 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void dump_config() override;
   void on_shutdown() override;
   bool teardown() override;
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER
-  void on_log(uint8_t level, const char *tag, const char *message, size_t message_len) override;
-#endif
-#ifdef USE_CAMERA
-  void on_camera_image(const std::shared_ptr<camera::CameraImage> &image) override;
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_API_PASSWORD
   bool check_password(const uint8_t *password_data, size_t password_len) const;
   void set_password(const std::string &password);
@@ -77,8 +54,8 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool save_noise_psk(psk_t psk, bool make_active = true);
   bool clear_noise_psk(bool make_active = true);
-  void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { this->noise_ctx_.set_psk(psk); }
-  APINoiseContext &get_noise_ctx() { return this->noise_ctx_; }
+  void set_noise_psk(psk_t psk) { noise_ctx_->set_psk(psk); }
+  std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> get_noise_ctx() { return noise_ctx_; }
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 
   void handle_disconnect(APIConnection *conn);
@@ -95,19 +72,19 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void on_light_update(light::LightState *obj) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SENSOR
-  void on_sensor_update(sensor::Sensor *obj) override;
+  void on_sensor_update(sensor::Sensor *obj, float state) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SWITCH
-  void on_switch_update(switch_::Switch *obj) override;
+  void on_switch_update(switch_::Switch *obj, bool state) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
-  void on_text_sensor_update(text_sensor::TextSensor *obj) override;
+  void on_text_sensor_update(text_sensor::TextSensor *obj, const std::string &state) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
   void on_climate_update(climate::Climate *obj) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_NUMBER
-  void on_number_update(number::Number *obj) override;
+  void on_number_update(number::Number *obj, float state) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_DATETIME_DATE
   void on_date_update(datetime::DateEntity *obj) override;
@@ -119,10 +96,10 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void on_datetime_update(datetime::DateTimeEntity *obj) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_TEXT
-  void on_text_update(text::Text *obj) override;
+  void on_text_update(text::Text *obj, const std::string &state) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-  void on_select_update(select::Select *obj) override;
+  void on_select_update(select::Select *obj, const std::string &state, size_t index) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_LOCK
   void on_lock_update(lock::Lock *obj) override;
@@ -147,7 +124,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_SERVICES
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   void initialize_user_services(std::initializer_list<UserServiceDescriptor *> services) {
     this->user_services_.assign(services);
   }
@@ -155,19 +132,6 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   // Only compile push_back method when custom_services: true (external components)
   void register_user_service(UserServiceDescriptor *descriptor) { this->user_services_.push_back(descriptor); }
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  // Action call context management - supports concurrent calls from multiple clients
-  // Returns server-generated action_call_id to avoid collisions when clients use same call_id
-  uint32_t register_active_action_call(uint32_t client_call_id, APIConnection *conn);
-  void unregister_active_action_call(uint32_t action_call_id);
-  void unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(APIConnection *conn);
-  // Send response for a specific action call (uses action_call_id, sends client_call_id in response)
-  void send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message);
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  void send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
-                            const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len);
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
   void request_time();
@@ -177,7 +141,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void on_alarm_control_panel_update(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel *obj) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  void on_event(event::Event *obj) override;
+  void on_event(event::Event *obj, const std::string &event_type) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
   void on_update(update::UpdateEntity *obj) override;
@@ -186,34 +150,23 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   void on_zwave_proxy_request(const esphome::api::ProtoMessage &msg);
 #endif
 
-  bool is_connected(bool state_subscription_only = false) const;
+  bool is_connected() const;
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   struct HomeAssistantStateSubscription {
-    const char *entity_id;  // Pointer to flash (internal) or heap (external)
-    const char *attribute;  // Pointer to flash or nullptr (nullptr means no attribute)
+    std::string entity_id;
+    optional<std::string> attribute;
     std::function<void(std::string)> callback;
     bool once;
-
-    // Dynamic storage for external components using std::string API (custom_api_device.h)
-    // These are only allocated when using the std::string overload (nullptr for const char* overload)
-    std::unique_ptr<std::string> entity_id_dynamic_storage;
-    std::unique_ptr<std::string> attribute_dynamic_storage;
   };
 
-  // New const char* overload (for internal components - zero allocation)
-  void subscribe_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(std::string)> f);
-  void get_home_assistant_state(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(std::string)> f);
-
-  // Existing std::string overload (for custom_api_device.h - heap allocation)
   void subscribe_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
                                       std::function<void(std::string)> f);
   void get_home_assistant_state(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
                                 std::function<void(std::string)> f);
-
   const std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> &get_state_subs() const;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   const std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> &get_user_services() const { return this->user_services_; }
 #endif
 
@@ -227,17 +180,11 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 #endif
 
  protected:
+  void schedule_reboot_timeout_();
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool update_noise_psk_(const SavedNoisePsk &new_psk, const LogString *save_log_msg, const LogString *fail_log_msg,
                          const psk_t &active_psk, bool make_active);
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
-#ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
-  // Helper methods to reduce code duplication
-  void add_state_subscription_(const char *entity_id, const char *attribute, std::function<void(std::string)> f,
-                               bool once);
-  void add_state_subscription_(std::string entity_id, optional<std::string> attribute,
-                               std::function<void(std::string)> f, bool once);
-#endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   // Pointers and pointer-like types first (4 bytes each)
   std::unique_ptr<socket::Socket> socket_ = nullptr;
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_CONNECTED_TRIGGER
@@ -249,7 +196,6 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 
   // 4-byte aligned types
   uint32_t reboot_timeout_{300000};
-  uint32_t last_connected_{0};
 
   // Vectors and strings (12 bytes each on 32-bit)
   std::vector<std::unique_ptr<APIConnection>> clients_;
@@ -260,19 +206,8 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_STATES
   std::vector<HomeAssistantStateSubscription> state_subs_;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> user_services_;
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  // Active action calls - supports concurrent calls from multiple clients
-  // Uses server-generated action_call_id to avoid collisions when multiple clients use same call_id
-  struct ActiveActionCall {
-    uint32_t action_call_id;  // Server-generated unique ID (passed to actions)
-    uint32_t client_call_id;  // Client's original call_id (used in response)
-    APIConnection *connection;
-  };
-  std::vector<ActiveActionCall> active_action_calls_;
-  uint32_t next_action_call_id_{1};  // Counter for generating unique action_call_ids
-#endif                               // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
   struct PendingActionResponse {
@@ -293,7 +228,7 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   // 7 bytes used, 1 byte padding
 
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
-  APINoiseContext noise_ctx_;
+  std::shared_ptr<APINoiseContext> noise_ctx_ = std::make_shared<APINoiseContext>();
   ESPPreferenceObject noise_pref_;
 #endif  // USE_API_NOISE
 };
@@ -301,11 +236,8 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 extern APIServer *global_api_server;  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-non-const-global-variables)
 
 template<typename... Ts> class APIConnectedCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
-  TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state_subscription_only)
  public:
-  bool check(const Ts &...x) override {
-    return global_api_server->is_connected(this->state_subscription_only_.value(x...));
-  }
+  bool check(Ts... x) override { return global_api_server->is_connected(); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h

@@ -3,28 +3,25 @@
 #include <map>
 #include "api_server.h"
 #ifdef USE_API
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 #include "user_services.h"
 #endif
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
-template<typename T, typename... Ts> class CustomAPIDeviceService : public UserServiceDynamic<Ts...> {
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
+template<typename T, typename... Ts> class CustomAPIDeviceService : public UserServiceBase<Ts...> {
  public:
   CustomAPIDeviceService(const std::string &name, const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names, T *obj,
                          void (T::*callback)(Ts...))
-      : UserServiceDynamic<Ts...>(name, arg_names), obj_(obj), callback_(callback) {}
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names), obj_(obj), callback_(callback) {}
 
  protected:
-  // CustomAPIDevice services don't support action responses - ignore call_id and return_response
-  void execute(uint32_t /*call_id*/, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override {
-    (this->obj_->*this->callback_)(x...);  // NOLINT
-  }
+  void execute(Ts... x) override { (this->obj_->*this->callback_)(x...); }  // NOLINT
 
   T *obj_;
   void (T::*callback_)(Ts...);
 };
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#endif  // USE_API_SERVICES
 
 class CustomAPIDevice {
  public:
@@ -52,7 +49,7 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param name The name of the service to register.
    * @param arg_names The name of the arguments for the service, must match the arguments of the function.
    */
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   template<typename T, typename... Ts>
   void register_service(void (T::*callback)(Ts...), const std::string &name,
                         const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names) {
@@ -93,7 +90,7 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
    * @param callback The member function to call when the service is triggered.
    * @param name The name of the arguments for the service, must match the arguments of the function.
    */
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   template<typename T> void register_service(void (T::*callback)(), const std::string &name) {
 #ifdef USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES
     auto *service = new CustomAPIDeviceService<T>(name, {}, (T *) this, callback);  // NOLINT

esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h

@@ -12,17 +12,10 @@
 #endif
 #include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
-#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
 template<typename... X> class TemplatableStringValue : public TemplatableValue<std::string, X...> {
-  // Verify that const char* uses the base class STATIC_STRING optimization (no heap allocation)
-  // rather than being wrapped in a lambda. The base class constructor for const char* is more
-  // specialized than the templated constructor here, so it should be selected.
-  static_assert(std::is_constructible_v<TemplatableValue<std::string, X...>, const char *>,
-                "Base class must have const char* constructor for STATIC_STRING optimization");
-
  private:
   // Helper to convert value to string - handles the case where value is already a string
   template<typename T> static std::string value_to_string(T &&val) { return to_string(std::forward<T>(val)); }
@@ -53,25 +46,23 @@ template<typename... Ts> class TemplatableKeyValuePair {
 
   // Keys are always string literals from YAML dictionary keys (e.g., "code", "event")
   // and never templatable values or lambdas. Only the value parameter can be a lambda/template.
-  // Using const char* avoids std::string heap allocation - keys remain in flash.
-  template<typename T> TemplatableKeyValuePair(const char *key, T value) : key(key), value(value) {}
+  // Using pass-by-value with std::move allows optimal performance for both lvalues and rvalues.
+  template<typename T> TemplatableKeyValuePair(std::string key, T value) : key(std::move(key)), value(value) {}
 
-  const char *key{nullptr};
+  std::string key;
   TemplatableStringValue<Ts...> value;
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 // Represents the response data from a Home Assistant action
-// Note: This class holds a StringRef to the error_message from the protobuf message.
-// The protobuf message must outlive the ActionResponse (which is guaranteed since
-// the callback is invoked synchronously while the message is on the stack).
 class ActionResponse {
  public:
-  ActionResponse(bool success, const std::string &error_message) : success_(success), error_message_(error_message) {}
+  ActionResponse(bool success, std::string error_message = "")
+      : success_(success), error_message_(std::move(error_message)) {}
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  ActionResponse(bool success, const std::string &error_message, const uint8_t *data, size_t data_len)
-      : success_(success), error_message_(error_message) {
+  ActionResponse(bool success, std::string error_message, const uint8_t *data, size_t data_len)
+      : success_(success), error_message_(std::move(error_message)) {
     if (data == nullptr || data_len == 0)
       return;
     this->json_document_ = json::parse_json(data, data_len);
@@ -79,8 +70,7 @@ class ActionResponse {
 #endif
 
   bool is_success() const { return this->success_; }
-  // Returns reference to error message - can be implicitly converted to std::string if needed
-  const StringRef &get_error_message() const { return this->error_message_; }
+  const std::string &get_error_message() const { return this->error_message_; }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
   // Get data as parsed JSON object (const version returns read-only view)
@@ -89,7 +79,7 @@ class ActionResponse {
 
  protected:
   bool success_;
-  StringRef error_message_;
+  std::string error_message_;
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
   JsonDocument json_document_;
 #endif
@@ -115,15 +105,14 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
 
   // Keys are always string literals from the Python code generation (e.g., cg.add(var.add_data("tag_id", templ))).
   // The value parameter can be a lambda/template, but keys are never templatable.
-  // Using const char* for keys avoids std::string heap allocation - keys remain in flash.
-  template<typename V> void add_data(const char *key, V &&value) {
-    this->add_kv_(this->data_, key, std::forward<V>(value));
+  template<typename K, typename V> void add_data(K &&key, V &&value) {
+    this->add_kv_(this->data_, std::forward<K>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
   }
-  template<typename V> void add_data_template(const char *key, V &&value) {
-    this->add_kv_(this->data_template_, key, std::forward<V>(value));
+  template<typename K, typename V> void add_data_template(K &&key, V &&value) {
+    this->add_kv_(this->data_template_, std::forward<K>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
   }
-  template<typename V> void add_variable(const char *key, V &&value) {
-    this->add_kv_(this->variables_, key, std::forward<V>(value));
+  template<typename K, typename V> void add_variable(K &&key, V &&value) {
+    this->add_kv_(this->variables_, std::forward<K>(key), std::forward<V>(value));
   }
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
@@ -144,7 +133,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
   Trigger<std::string, Ts...> *get_error_trigger() const { return this->error_trigger_; }
 #endif  // USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
     HomeassistantActionRequest resp;
     std::string service_value = this->service_.value(x...);
     resp.set_service(StringRef(service_value));
@@ -196,11 +185,10 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
   }
 
  protected:
-  // Helper to add key-value pairs to FixedVectors
-  // Keys are always string literals (const char*), values can be lambdas/templates
-  template<typename V> void add_kv_(FixedVector<TemplatableKeyValuePair<Ts...>> &vec, const char *key, V &&value) {
+  // Helper to add key-value pairs to FixedVectors with perfect forwarding to avoid copies
+  template<typename K, typename V> void add_kv_(FixedVector<TemplatableKeyValuePair<Ts...>> &vec, K &&key, V &&value) {
     auto &kv = vec.emplace_back();
-    kv.key = key;
+    kv.key = std::forward<K>(key);
     kv.value = std::forward<V>(value);
   }
 

esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp

@@ -5,9 +5,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/util.h"
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
-#include "user_services.h"
-#endif
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -85,7 +82,7 @@ bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_end() { return this->client_->send_list_info_done(
 
 ListEntitiesIterator::ListEntitiesIterator(APIConnection *client) : client_(client) {}
 
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 bool ListEntitiesIterator::on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) {
   auto resp = service->encode_list_service_response();
   return this->client_->send_message(resp, ListEntitiesServicesResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);

esphome/components/api/list_entities.h

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class ListEntitiesIterator : public ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_TEXT_SENSOR
   bool on_text_sensor(text_sensor::TextSensor *entity) override;
 #endif
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
   bool on_service(UserServiceDescriptor *service) override;
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
+#include "esphome/core/macros.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cstring>
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <vector>
 
 #ifdef ESPHOME_LOG_HAS_VERY_VERBOSE
@@ -159,22 +161,6 @@ class ProtoVarInt {
       }
     }
   }
-  void encode(std::vector<uint8_t> &out) {
-    uint64_t val = this->value_;
-    if (val <= 0x7F) {
-      out.push_back(val);
-      return;
-    }
-    while (val) {
-      uint8_t temp = val & 0x7F;
-      val >>= 7;
-      if (val) {
-        out.push_back(temp | 0x80);
-      } else {
-        out.push_back(temp);
-      }
-    }
-  }
 
  protected:
   uint64_t value_;
@@ -233,8 +219,87 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
  public:
   ProtoWriteBuffer(std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer) : buffer_(buffer) {}
   void write(uint8_t value) { this->buffer_->push_back(value); }
-  void encode_varint_raw(ProtoVarInt value) { value.encode(*this->buffer_); }
-  void encode_varint_raw(uint32_t value) { this->encode_varint_raw(ProtoVarInt(value)); }
+
+  // Single implementation that all overloads delegate to
+  // Mark noinline to prevent code bloat from inlining into every caller
+  __attribute__((noinline)) void encode_varint(uint64_t value) {
+    auto buffer = this->buffer_;
+    size_t start = buffer->size();
+
+    // Fast paths for common cases (1-3 bytes)
+    if (ESPHOME_LIKELY(value < (1ULL << 7))) {
+      // 1 byte - very common for field IDs and small lengths
+      buffer->resize(start + 1);
+      buffer->data()[start] = static_cast<uint8_t>(value);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t *p;
+    if (ESPHOME_LIKELY(value < (1ULL << 14))) {
+      // 2 bytes - common for medium field IDs and lengths
+      buffer->resize(start + 2);
+      p = buffer->data() + start;
+      p[0] = (value & 0x7F) | 0x80;
+      p[1] = (value >> 7) & 0x7F;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (value < (1ULL << 21)) {
+      // 3 bytes - rare
+      buffer->resize(start + 3);
+      p = buffer->data() + start;
+      p[0] = (value & 0x7F) | 0x80;
+      p[1] = ((value >> 7) & 0x7F) | 0x80;
+      p[2] = (value >> 14) & 0x7F;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Rare case: 4-10 byte values - calculate size from bit position
+    // Value is guaranteed >= (1ULL << 21), so CLZ is safe (non-zero)
+    uint32_t size;
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    // Use compiler intrinsic for efficient bit position lookup
+    size = (64 - __builtin_clzll(value) + 6) / 7;
+#else
+    // Fallback for compilers without __builtin_clzll
+    if (value < (1ULL << 28)) {
+      size = 4;
+    } else if (value < (1ULL << 35)) {
+      size = 5;
+    } else if (value < (1ULL << 42)) {
+      size = 6;
+    } else if (value < (1ULL << 49)) {
+      size = 7;
+    } else if (value < (1ULL << 56)) {
+      size = 8;
+    } else if (value < (1ULL << 63)) {
+      size = 9;
+    } else {
+      size = 10;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    buffer->resize(start + size);
+    p = buffer->data() + start;
+    size_t bytes = 0;
+    while (value) {
+      uint8_t temp = value & 0x7F;
+      value >>= 7;
+      p[bytes++] = value ? temp | 0x80 : temp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Common case: uint32_t values (field IDs, lengths, most integers)
+  void encode_varint(uint32_t value) { this->encode_varint(static_cast<uint64_t>(value)); }
+
+  // size_t overload (only enabled if size_t is distinct from uint32_t and uint64_t)
+  template<typename T>
+  void encode_varint(T value) requires(std::is_same_v<T, size_t> && !std::is_same_v<size_t, uint32_t> &&
+                                       !std::is_same_v<size_t, uint64_t>) {
+    this->encode_varint(static_cast<uint64_t>(value));
+  }
+
+  // Rare case: ProtoVarInt wrapper
+  void encode_varint(ProtoVarInt value) { this->encode_varint(value.as_uint64()); }
   /**
    * Encode a field key (tag/wire type combination).
    *
@@ -249,14 +314,14 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
    */
   void encode_field_raw(uint32_t field_id, uint32_t type) {
     uint32_t val = (field_id << 3) | (type & WIRE_TYPE_MASK);
-    this->encode_varint_raw(val);
+    this->encode_varint(val);
   }
   void encode_string(uint32_t field_id, const char *string, size_t len, bool force = false) {
     if (len == 0 && !force)
       return;
 
     this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 2);  // type 2: Length-delimited string
-    this->encode_varint_raw(len);
+    this->encode_varint(len);
 
     // Using resize + memcpy instead of insert provides significant performance improvement:
     // ~10-11x faster for 16-32 byte strings, ~3x faster for 64-byte strings
@@ -278,13 +343,13 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
     if (value == 0 && !force)
       return;
     this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 0);  // type 0: Varint - uint32
-    this->encode_varint_raw(value);
+    this->encode_varint(value);
   }
   void encode_uint64(uint32_t field_id, uint64_t value, bool force = false) {
     if (value == 0 && !force)
       return;
     this->encode_field_raw(field_id, 0);  // type 0: Varint - uint64
-    this->encode_varint_raw(ProtoVarInt(value));
+    this->encode_varint(value);
   }
   void encode_bool(uint32_t field_id, bool value, bool force = false) {
     if (!value && !force)
@@ -846,7 +911,7 @@ class ProtoService {
    */
   virtual ProtoWriteBuffer create_buffer(uint32_t reserve_size) = 0;
   virtual bool send_buffer(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer, uint8_t message_type) = 0;
-  virtual void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) = 0;
+  virtual void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, uint8_t *msg_data) = 0;
 
   // Optimized method that pre-allocates buffer based on message size
   bool send_message_(const ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type) {

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -1,31 +1,20 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "api_pb2.h"
-#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-#include "esphome/components/json/json_util.h"
-#endif
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "api_pb2.h"
 
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#ifdef USE_API_SERVICES
 namespace esphome::api {
 
-// Forward declaration - full definition in api_server.h
-class APIServer;
-
 class UserServiceDescriptor {
  public:
   virtual ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() = 0;
 
   virtual bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req) = 0;
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  // Overload that accepts server-generated action_call_id (avoids client call_id collisions)
-  virtual bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req, uint32_t action_call_id) = 0;
-#endif
 
   bool is_internal() { return false; }
 };
@@ -34,83 +23,17 @@ template<typename T> T get_execute_arg_value(const ExecuteServiceArgument &arg);
 
 template<typename T> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type();
 
-// Base class for YAML-defined services (most common case)
-// Stores only pointers to string literals in flash - no heap allocation
 template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
  public:
-  UserServiceBase(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names,
-                  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response = enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE)
-      : name_(name), arg_names_(arg_names), supports_response_(supports_response) {
-    this->key_ = fnv1_hash(name);
-  }
-
-  ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() override {
-    ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
-    msg.set_name(StringRef(this->name_));
-    msg.key = this->key_;
-    msg.supports_response = this->supports_response_;
-    std::array<enums::ServiceArgType, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_types = {to_service_arg_type<Ts>()...};
-    msg.args.init(sizeof...(Ts));
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof...(Ts); i++) {
-      auto &arg = msg.args.emplace_back();
-      arg.type = arg_types[i];
-      arg.set_name(StringRef(this->arg_names_[i]));
-    }
-    return msg;
-  }
-
-  bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req) override {
-    if (req.key != this->key_)
-      return false;
-    if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
-      return false;
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-    this->execute_(req.args, req.call_id, req.return_response, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
-#else
-    this->execute_(req.args, 0, false, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
-#endif
-    return true;
-  }
-
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req, uint32_t action_call_id) override {
-    if (req.key != this->key_)
-      return false;
-    if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
-      return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, action_call_id, req.return_response, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
-    return true;
-  }
-#endif
-
- protected:
-  virtual void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
-  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, std::index_sequence<S...> /*type*/) {
-    this->execute(call_id, return_response, (get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
-  }
-
-  // Pointers to string literals in flash - no heap allocation
-  const char *name_;
-  std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_names_;
-  uint32_t key_{0};
-  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response_{enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE};
-};
-
-// Separate class for custom_api_device services (rare case)
-// Stores copies of runtime-generated names
-template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor {
- public:
-  UserServiceDynamic(std::string name, const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
+  UserServiceBase(std::string name, const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
       : name_(std::move(name)), arg_names_(arg_names) {
-    this->key_ = fnv1_hash(this->name_.c_str());
+    this->key_ = fnv1_hash(this->name_);
   }
 
   ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() override {
     ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
     msg.set_name(StringRef(this->name_));
     msg.key = this->key_;
-    msg.supports_response = enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE;  // Dynamic services don't support responses yet
     std::array<enums::ServiceArgType, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_types = {to_service_arg_type<Ts>()...};
     msg.args.init(sizeof...(Ts));
     for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof...(Ts); i++) {
@@ -124,184 +47,31 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor
   bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req) override {
     if (req.key != this->key_)
       return false;
-    if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
+    if (req.args.size() != this->arg_names_.size())
       return false;
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-    this->execute_(req.args, req.call_id, req.return_response, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
-#else
-    this->execute_(req.args, 0, false, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
-#endif
+    this->execute_(req.args, typename gens<sizeof...(Ts)>::type());
     return true;
   }
 
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-  // Dynamic services don't support responses yet, but need to implement the interface
-  bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req, uint32_t action_call_id) override {
-    if (req.key != this->key_)
-      return false;
-    if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
-      return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, action_call_id, req.return_response, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
-    return true;
-  }
-#endif
-
  protected:
-  virtual void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, Ts... x) = 0;
-  template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
-  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, std::index_sequence<S...> /*type*/) {
-    this->execute(call_id, return_response, (get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
+  virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
+  template<typename ArgsContainer, int... S> void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, seq<S...> type) {
+    this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 
-  // Heap-allocated strings for runtime-generated names
   std::string name_;
-  std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_names_;
   uint32_t key_{0};
+  std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_names_;
 };
 
-// Primary template declaration
-template<enums::SupportsResponseType Mode, typename... Ts> class UserServiceTrigger;
-
-// Specialization for NONE - no extra trigger arguments
-template<typename... Ts>
-class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE, Ts...> : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>, public Trigger<Ts...> {
+template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceTrigger : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>, public Trigger<Ts...> {
  public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE) {}
+  UserServiceTrigger(const std::string &name, const std::array<std::string, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names) {}
 
  protected:
-  void execute(uint32_t /*call_id*/, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(x...); }
-};
-
-// Specialization for OPTIONAL - call_id and return_response trigger arguments
-template<typename... Ts>
-class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL, Ts...> : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
-                                                                     public Trigger<uint32_t, bool, Ts...> {
- public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL) {}
-
- protected:
-  void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, Ts... x) override {
-    this->trigger(call_id, return_response, x...);
-  }
-};
-
-// Specialization for ONLY - just call_id trigger argument
-template<typename... Ts>
-class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY, Ts...> : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
-                                                                 public Trigger<uint32_t, Ts...> {
- public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY) {}
-
- protected:
-  void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(call_id, x...); }
-};
-
-// Specialization for STATUS - just call_id trigger argument (reports success/error without data)
-template<typename... Ts>
-class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS, Ts...> : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
-                                                                   public Trigger<uint32_t, Ts...> {
- public:
-  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS) {}
-
- protected:
-  void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(call_id, x...); }
+  void execute(Ts... x) override { this->trigger(x...); }  // NOLINT
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
-
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
-// Include full definition of APIServer for template implementation
-// Must be outside namespace to avoid including STL headers inside namespace
-#include "api_server.h"
-
-namespace esphome::api {
-
-template<typename... Ts> class APIRespondAction : public Action<Ts...> {
- public:
-  explicit APIRespondAction(APIServer *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-
-  template<typename V> void set_success(V success) { this->success_ = success; }
-  template<typename V> void set_error_message(V error) { this->error_message_ = error; }
-  void set_is_optional_mode(bool is_optional) { this->is_optional_mode_ = is_optional; }
-
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  void set_data(std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> func) {
-    this->json_builder_ = std::move(func);
-    this->has_data_ = true;
-  }
-#endif
-
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
-    // Extract call_id from first argument - it's always first for optional/only/status modes
-    auto args = std::make_tuple(x...);
-    uint32_t call_id = std::get<0>(args);
-
-    bool success = this->success_.value(x...);
-    std::string error_message = this->error_message_.value(x...);
-
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-    if (this->has_data_) {
-      // For optional mode, check return_response (second arg) to decide if client wants data
-      // Use nested if constexpr to avoid compile error when tuple doesn't have enough elements
-      // (std::tuple_element_t is evaluated before the && short-circuit, so we must nest)
-      if constexpr (sizeof...(Ts) >= 2) {
-        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::tuple_element_t<1, std::tuple<Ts...>>, bool>) {
-          if (this->is_optional_mode_) {
-            bool return_response = std::get<1>(args);
-            if (!return_response) {
-              // Client doesn't want response data, just send success/error
-              this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, error_message);
-              return;
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      // Build and send JSON response
-      json::JsonBuilder builder;
-      this->json_builder_(x..., builder.root());
-      std::string json_str = builder.serialize();
-      this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, error_message,
-                                          reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(json_str.data()), json_str.size());
-      return;
-    }
-#endif
-    this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, error_message);
-  }
-
- protected:
-  APIServer *parent_;
-  TemplatableValue<bool, Ts...> success_{true};
-  TemplatableValue<std::string, Ts...> error_message_{""};
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
-  std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> json_builder_;
-  bool has_data_{false};
-#endif
-  bool is_optional_mode_{false};
-};
-
-// Action to unregister a service call after execution completes
-// Automatically appended to the end of action lists for non-none response modes
-template<typename... Ts> class APIUnregisterServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts...> {
- public:
-  explicit APIUnregisterServiceCallAction(APIServer *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
-
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
-    // Extract call_id from first argument - same convention as APIRespondAction
-    auto args = std::make_tuple(x...);
-    uint32_t call_id = std::get<0>(args);
-    if (call_id != 0) {
-      this->parent_->unregister_active_action_call(call_id);
-    }
-  }
-
- protected:
-  APIServer *parent_;
-};
-
-}  // namespace esphome::api
-#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+#endif  // USE_API_SERVICES

esphome/components/at581x/automation.h

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace at581x {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class AT581XResetAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<AT581XComponent> {
  public:
-  void play(const Ts &...x) { this->parent_->reset_hardware_frontend(); }
+  void play(Ts... x) { this->parent_->reset_hardware_frontend(); }
 };
 
 template<typename... Ts> class AT581XSettingsAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<AT581XComponent> {
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class AT581XSettingsAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(int, trigger_keep)
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(int, stage_gain)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) {
+  void play(Ts... x) {
     if (this->frequency_.has_value()) {
       int v = this->frequency_.value(x...);
       this->parent_->set_frequency(v);

esphome/components/audio_adc/automation.h

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetMicGainAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, mic_gain)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->audio_adc_->set_mic_gain(this->mic_gain_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->audio_adc_->set_mic_gain(this->mic_gain_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   AudioAdc *audio_adc_;

esphome/components/audio_dac/automation.h

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MuteOffAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit MuteOffAction(AudioDac *audio_dac) : audio_dac_(audio_dac) {}
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_mute_off(); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_mute_off(); }
 
  protected:
   AudioDac *audio_dac_;
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class MuteOnAction : public Action<Ts...> {
  public:
   explicit MuteOnAction(AudioDac *audio_dac) : audio_dac_(audio_dac) {}
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_mute_on(); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_mute_on(); }
 
  protected:
   AudioDac *audio_dac_;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class SetVolumeAction : public Action<Ts...> {
 
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(float, volume)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->audio_dac_->set_volume(this->volume_.value(x...)); }
 
  protected:
   AudioDac *audio_dac_;

esphome/components/bedjet/bedjet_const.h

@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ enum BedjetCommand : uint8_t {
 static const uint8_t BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT = 20;
 
 static constexpr const char *const BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES[BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT] = BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES_;
+static const std::string BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAME_STRINGS[BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT] = BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES_;
 
 }  // namespace bedjet
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bedjet/climate/__init__.py

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = (
             cv.Optional(ble_client.CONF_BLE_CLIENT_ID): cv.invalid(
                 "The 'ble_client_id' option has been removed. Please migrate "
                 "to the new `bedjet_id` option in the `bedjet` component.\n"
-                "See https://esphome.io/components/climate/bedjet/"
+                "See https://esphome.io/components/climate/bedjet.html"
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_TIME_ID): cv.invalid(
                 "The 'time_id' option has been moved to the `bedjet` component."

esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.cpp

@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ namespace bedjet {
 
 using namespace esphome::climate;
 
-static const char *bedjet_fan_step_to_fan_mode(const uint8_t fan_step) {
+static const std::string *bedjet_fan_step_to_fan_mode(const uint8_t fan_step) {
   if (fan_step < BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT)
-    return BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES[fan_step];
+    return &BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAME_STRINGS[fan_step];
   return nullptr;
 }
 
-static uint8_t bedjet_fan_speed_to_step(const char *fan_step_percent) {
+static uint8_t bedjet_fan_speed_to_step(const std::string &fan_step_percent) {
   for (int i = 0; i < BEDJET_FAN_SPEED_COUNT; i++) {
-    if (strcmp(BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAMES[i], fan_step_percent) == 0) {
+    if (fan_step_percent == BEDJET_FAN_STEP_NAME_STRINGS[i]) {
       return i;
     }
   }
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_fan_mode_to_string(mode)));
   }
   for (const auto &mode : traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s (c)", mode);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s (c)", mode.c_str());
   }
 
   ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Supported presets:");
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::dump_config() {
     ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s", LOG_STR_ARG(climate_preset_to_string(preset)));
   }
   for (const auto &preset : traits.get_supported_custom_presets()) {
-    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s (c)", preset);
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "   - %s (c)", preset.c_str());
   }
 }
 
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::reset_state_() {
   this->target_temperature = NAN;
   this->current_temperature = NAN;
   this->preset.reset();
-  this->clear_custom_preset_();
+  this->custom_preset.reset();
   this->publish_state();
 }
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
     if (button_result) {
       this->mode = mode;
       // We're using (custom) preset for Turbo, EXT HT, & M1-3 presets, so changing climate mode will clear those
-      this->clear_custom_preset_();
+      this->custom_preset.reset();
       this->preset.reset();
     }
   }
@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
 
       if (result) {
         this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
-        this->set_preset_(CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST);
+        this->preset = CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST;
+        this->custom_preset.reset();
       }
     } else if (preset == CLIMATE_PRESET_NONE && this->preset.has_value()) {
       if (this->mode == CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT && this->preset == CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST) {
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
         result = this->parent_->send_button(heat_button(this->heating_mode_));
         if (result) {
           this->preset.reset();
-          this->clear_custom_preset_();
+          this->custom_preset.reset();
         }
       } else {
         ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Ignoring preset '%s' call; with current mode '%s' and preset '%s'",
@@ -163,27 +164,28 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
       ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported preset: %d", preset);
       return;
     }
-  } else if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
-    const char *preset = call.get_custom_preset();
+  } else if (call.get_custom_preset().has_value()) {
+    std::string preset = *call.get_custom_preset();
     bool result;
 
-    if (strcmp(preset, "M1") == 0) {
+    if (preset == "M1") {
       result = this->parent_->button_memory1();
-    } else if (strcmp(preset, "M2") == 0) {
+    } else if (preset == "M2") {
       result = this->parent_->button_memory2();
-    } else if (strcmp(preset, "M3") == 0) {
+    } else if (preset == "M3") {
       result = this->parent_->button_memory3();
-    } else if (strcmp(preset, "LTD HT") == 0) {
+    } else if (preset == "LTD HT") {
       result = this->parent_->button_heat();
-    } else if (strcmp(preset, "EXT HT") == 0) {
+    } else if (preset == "EXT HT") {
       result = this->parent_->button_ext_heat();
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported preset: %s", preset);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported preset: %s", preset.c_str());
       return;
     }
 
     if (result) {
-      this->set_custom_preset_(preset);
+      this->custom_preset = preset;
+      this->preset.reset();
     }
   }
 
@@ -205,16 +207,19 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
     }
 
     if (result) {
-      this->set_fan_mode_(fan_mode);
+      this->fan_mode = fan_mode;
+      this->custom_fan_mode.reset();
     }
-  } else if (call.has_custom_fan_mode()) {
-    const char *fan_mode = call.get_custom_fan_mode();
+  } else if (call.get_custom_fan_mode().has_value()) {
+    auto fan_mode = *call.get_custom_fan_mode();
     auto fan_index = bedjet_fan_speed_to_step(fan_mode);
     if (fan_index <= 19) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Converted fan mode %s to bedjet fan step %d", this->get_name().c_str(), fan_mode, fan_index);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Converted fan mode %s to bedjet fan step %d", this->get_name().c_str(), fan_mode.c_str(),
+               fan_index);
       bool result = this->parent_->set_fan_index(fan_index);
       if (result) {
-        this->set_custom_fan_mode_(fan_mode);
+        this->custom_fan_mode = fan_mode;
+        this->fan_mode.reset();
       }
     }
   }
@@ -240,7 +245,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
 
   const auto *fan_mode_name = bedjet_fan_step_to_fan_mode(data->fan_step);
   if (fan_mode_name != nullptr) {
-    this->set_custom_fan_mode_(fan_mode_name);
+    this->custom_fan_mode = *fan_mode_name;
   }
 
   // TODO: Get biorhythm data to determine which preset (M1-3) is running, if any.
@@ -250,7 +255,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
       this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_OFF;
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_IDLE;
       this->fan_mode = CLIMATE_FAN_OFF;
-      this->clear_custom_preset_();
+      this->custom_preset.reset();
       this->preset.reset();
       break;
 
@@ -261,7 +266,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
       if (this->heating_mode_ == HEAT_MODE_EXTENDED) {
         this->set_custom_preset_("LTD HT");
       } else {
-        this->clear_custom_preset_();
+        this->custom_preset.reset();
       }
       break;
 
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_HEATING;
       this->preset.reset();
       if (this->heating_mode_ == HEAT_MODE_EXTENDED) {
-        this->clear_custom_preset_();
+        this->custom_preset.reset();
       } else {
         this->set_custom_preset_("EXT HT");
       }
@@ -279,19 +284,20 @@ void BedJetClimate::on_status(const BedjetStatusPacket *data) {
     case MODE_COOL:
       this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_FAN_ONLY;
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_COOLING;
-      this->clear_custom_preset_();
+      this->custom_preset.reset();
       this->preset.reset();
       break;
 
     case MODE_DRY:
       this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_DRY;
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_DRYING;
-      this->clear_custom_preset_();
+      this->custom_preset.reset();
       this->preset.reset();
       break;
 
     case MODE_TURBO:
-      this->set_preset_(CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST);
+      this->preset = CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST;
+      this->custom_preset.reset();
       this->mode = CLIMATE_MODE_HEAT;
       this->action = CLIMATE_ACTION_HEATING;
       break;

esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.h

@@ -50,13 +50,21 @@ class BedJetClimate : public climate::Climate, public BedJetClient, public Polli
         // Climate doesn't have a "TURBO" mode, but we can use the BOOST preset instead.
         climate::CLIMATE_PRESET_BOOST,
     });
-    // String literals are stored in rodata and valid for program lifetime
     traits.set_supported_custom_presets({
-        this->heating_mode_ == HEAT_MODE_EXTENDED ? "LTD HT" : "EXT HT",
+        // We could fetch biodata from bedjet and set these names that way.
+        // But then we have to invert the lookup in order to send the right preset.
+        // For now, we can leave them as M1-3 to match the remote buttons.
+        // EXT HT added to match remote button.
+        "EXT HT",
         "M1",
         "M2",
         "M3",
     });
+    if (this->heating_mode_ == HEAT_MODE_EXTENDED) {
+      traits.add_supported_custom_preset("LTD HT");
+    } else {
+      traits.add_supported_custom_preset("EXT HT");
+    }
     traits.set_visual_min_temperature(19.0);
     traits.set_visual_max_temperature(43.0);
     traits.set_visual_temperature_step(1.0);

esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #include "bh1750.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/application.h"
 
-namespace esphome::bh1750 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bh1750 {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "bh1750.sensor";
 
@@ -13,31 +13,6 @@ static const uint8_t BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_L = 0b00100011;
 static const uint8_t BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H = 0b00100000;
 static const uint8_t BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H2 = 0b00100001;
 
-static constexpr uint32_t MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_MS = 2000;
-static constexpr float HIGH_LIGHT_THRESHOLD_LX = 7000.0f;
-
-// Measurement time constants (datasheet values)
-static constexpr uint16_t MTREG_DEFAULT = 69;
-static constexpr uint16_t MTREG_MIN = 31;
-static constexpr uint16_t MTREG_MAX = 254;
-static constexpr uint16_t MEAS_TIME_L_MS = 24;   // L-resolution max measurement time @ mtreg=69
-static constexpr uint16_t MEAS_TIME_H_MS = 180;  // H/H2-resolution max measurement time @ mtreg=69
-
-// Conversion constants (datasheet formulas)
-static constexpr float RESOLUTION_DIVISOR = 1.2f;  // counts to lux conversion divisor
-static constexpr float MODE_H2_DIVISOR = 2.0f;     // H2 mode has 2x higher resolution
-
-// MTreg calculation constants
-static constexpr int COUNTS_TARGET = 50000;  // Target counts for optimal range (avoid saturation)
-static constexpr int COUNTS_NUMERATOR = 10;
-static constexpr int COUNTS_DENOMINATOR = 12;
-
-// MTreg register bit manipulation constants
-static constexpr uint8_t MTREG_HI_SHIFT = 5;       // High 3 bits start at bit 5
-static constexpr uint8_t MTREG_HI_MASK = 0b111;    // 3-bit mask for high bits
-static constexpr uint8_t MTREG_LO_SHIFT = 0;       // Low 5 bits start at bit 0
-static constexpr uint8_t MTREG_LO_MASK = 0b11111;  // 5-bit mask for low bits
-
 /*
 bh1750 properties:
 
@@ -68,7 +43,74 @@ void BH1750Sensor::setup() {
     this->mark_failed();
     return;
   }
-  this->state_ = IDLE;
+}
+
+void BH1750Sensor::read_lx_(BH1750Mode mode, uint8_t mtreg, const std::function<void(float)> &f) {
+  // turn on (after one-shot sensor automatically powers down)
+  uint8_t turn_on = BH1750_COMMAND_POWER_ON;
+  if (this->write(&turn_on, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Power on failed");
+    f(NAN);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (active_mtreg_ != mtreg) {
+    // set mtreg
+    uint8_t mtreg_hi = BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_HI | ((mtreg >> 5) & 0b111);
+    uint8_t mtreg_lo = BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_LO | ((mtreg >> 0) & 0b11111);
+    if (this->write(&mtreg_hi, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK || this->write(&mtreg_lo, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Set measurement time failed");
+      active_mtreg_ = 0;
+      f(NAN);
+      return;
+    }
+    active_mtreg_ = mtreg;
+  }
+
+  uint8_t cmd;
+  uint16_t meas_time;
+  switch (mode) {
+    case BH1750_MODE_L:
+      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_L;
+      meas_time = 24 * mtreg / 69;
+      break;
+    case BH1750_MODE_H:
+      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H;
+      meas_time = 180 * mtreg / 69;
+      break;
+    case BH1750_MODE_H2:
+      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H2;
+      meas_time = 180 * mtreg / 69;
+      break;
+    default:
+      f(NAN);
+      return;
+  }
+  if (this->write(&cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Start measurement failed");
+    f(NAN);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // probably not needed, but adjust for rounding
+  meas_time++;
+
+  this->set_timeout("read", meas_time, [this, mode, mtreg, f]() {
+    uint16_t raw_value;
+    if (this->read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&raw_value), 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read data failed");
+      f(NAN);
+      return;
+    }
+    raw_value = i2c::i2ctohs(raw_value);
+
+    float lx = float(raw_value) / 1.2f;
+    lx *= 69.0f / mtreg;
+    if (mode == BH1750_MODE_H2)
+      lx /= 2.0f;
+
+    f(lx);
+  });
 }
 
 void BH1750Sensor::dump_config() {
@@ -82,189 +124,45 @@ void BH1750Sensor::dump_config() {
 }
 
 void BH1750Sensor::update() {
-  const uint32_t now = millis();
-
-  // Start coarse measurement to determine optimal mode/mtreg
-  if (this->state_ != IDLE) {
-    // Safety timeout: reset if stuck
-    if (now - this->measurement_start_time_ > MEASUREMENT_TIMEOUT_MS) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Measurement timeout, resetting state");
-      this->state_ = IDLE;
-    } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Previous measurement not complete, skipping update");
+  // first do a quick measurement in L-mode with full range
+  // to find right range
+  this->read_lx_(BH1750_MODE_L, 31, [this](float val) {
+    if (std::isnan(val)) {
+      this->status_set_warning();
+      this->publish_state(NAN);
       return;
     }
-  }
 
-  if (!this->start_measurement_(BH1750_MODE_L, MTREG_MIN, now)) {
-    this->status_set_warning();
-    this->publish_state(NAN);
-    return;
-  }
-
-  this->state_ = WAITING_COARSE_MEASUREMENT;
-  this->enable_loop();  // Enable loop while measurement in progress
-}
-
-void BH1750Sensor::loop() {
-  const uint32_t now = App.get_loop_component_start_time();
-
-  switch (this->state_) {
-    case IDLE:
-      // Disable loop when idle to save cycles
-      this->disable_loop();
-      break;
-
-    case WAITING_COARSE_MEASUREMENT:
-      if (now - this->measurement_start_time_ >= this->measurement_duration_) {
-        this->state_ = READING_COARSE_RESULT;
-      }
-      break;
-
-    case READING_COARSE_RESULT: {
-      float lx;
-      if (!this->read_measurement_(lx)) {
-        this->fail_and_reset_();
-        break;
-      }
-
-      this->process_coarse_result_(lx);
-
-      // Start fine measurement with optimal settings
-      // fetch millis() again since the read can take a bit
-      if (!this->start_measurement_(this->fine_mode_, this->fine_mtreg_, millis())) {
-        this->fail_and_reset_();
-        break;
-      }
-
-      this->state_ = WAITING_FINE_MEASUREMENT;
-      break;
+    BH1750Mode use_mode;
+    uint8_t use_mtreg;
+    if (val <= 7000) {
+      use_mode = BH1750_MODE_H2;
+      use_mtreg = 254;
+    } else {
+      use_mode = BH1750_MODE_H;
+      // lx = counts / 1.2 * (69 / mtreg)
+      // -> mtreg = counts / 1.2 * (69 / lx)
+      // calculate for counts=50000 (allow some range to not saturate, but maximize mtreg)
+      // -> mtreg = 50000*(10/12)*(69/lx)
+      int ideal_mtreg = 50000 * 10 * 69 / (12 * (int) val);
+      use_mtreg = std::min(254, std::max(31, ideal_mtreg));
     }
+    ESP_LOGV(TAG, "L result: %f -> Calculated mode=%d, mtreg=%d", val, (int) use_mode, use_mtreg);
 
-    case WAITING_FINE_MEASUREMENT:
-      if (now - this->measurement_start_time_ >= this->measurement_duration_) {
-        this->state_ = READING_FINE_RESULT;
+    this->read_lx_(use_mode, use_mtreg, [this](float val) {
+      if (std::isnan(val)) {
+        this->status_set_warning();
+        this->publish_state(NAN);
+        return;
       }
-      break;
-
-    case READING_FINE_RESULT: {
-      float lx;
-      if (!this->read_measurement_(lx)) {
-        this->fail_and_reset_();
-        break;
-      }
-
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Illuminance=%.1flx", this->get_name().c_str(), lx);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': Illuminance=%.1flx", this->get_name().c_str(), val);
       this->status_clear_warning();
-      this->publish_state(lx);
-      this->state_ = IDLE;
-      break;
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-bool BH1750Sensor::start_measurement_(BH1750Mode mode, uint8_t mtreg, uint32_t now) {
-  // Power on
-  uint8_t turn_on = BH1750_COMMAND_POWER_ON;
-  if (this->write(&turn_on, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Power on failed");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Set MTreg if changed
-  if (this->active_mtreg_ != mtreg) {
-    uint8_t mtreg_hi = BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_HI | ((mtreg >> MTREG_HI_SHIFT) & MTREG_HI_MASK);
-    uint8_t mtreg_lo = BH1750_COMMAND_MT_REG_LO | ((mtreg >> MTREG_LO_SHIFT) & MTREG_LO_MASK);
-    if (this->write(&mtreg_hi, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK || this->write(&mtreg_lo, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Set measurement time failed");
-      this->active_mtreg_ = 0;
-      return false;
-    }
-    this->active_mtreg_ = mtreg;
-  }
-
-  // Start measurement
-  uint8_t cmd;
-  uint16_t meas_time;
-  switch (mode) {
-    case BH1750_MODE_L:
-      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_L;
-      meas_time = MEAS_TIME_L_MS * mtreg / MTREG_DEFAULT;
-      break;
-    case BH1750_MODE_H:
-      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H;
-      meas_time = MEAS_TIME_H_MS * mtreg / MTREG_DEFAULT;
-      break;
-    case BH1750_MODE_H2:
-      cmd = BH1750_COMMAND_ONE_TIME_H2;
-      meas_time = MEAS_TIME_H_MS * mtreg / MTREG_DEFAULT;
-      break;
-    default:
-      return false;
-  }
-
-  if (this->write(&cmd, 1) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Start measurement failed");
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  // Store current measurement parameters
-  this->current_mode_ = mode;
-  this->current_mtreg_ = mtreg;
-  this->measurement_start_time_ = now;
-  this->measurement_duration_ = meas_time + 1;  // Add 1ms for safety
-
-  return true;
-}
-
-bool BH1750Sensor::read_measurement_(float &lx_out) {
-  uint16_t raw_value;
-  if (this->read(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&raw_value), 2) != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Read data failed");
-    return false;
-  }
-  raw_value = i2c::i2ctohs(raw_value);
-
-  float lx = float(raw_value) / RESOLUTION_DIVISOR;
-  lx *= float(MTREG_DEFAULT) / this->current_mtreg_;
-  if (this->current_mode_ == BH1750_MODE_H2) {
-    lx /= MODE_H2_DIVISOR;
-  }
-
-  lx_out = lx;
-  return true;
-}
-
-void BH1750Sensor::process_coarse_result_(float lx) {
-  if (std::isnan(lx)) {
-    // Use defaults if coarse measurement failed
-    this->fine_mode_ = BH1750_MODE_H2;
-    this->fine_mtreg_ = MTREG_MAX;
-    return;
-  }
-
-  if (lx <= HIGH_LIGHT_THRESHOLD_LX) {
-    this->fine_mode_ = BH1750_MODE_H2;
-    this->fine_mtreg_ = MTREG_MAX;
-  } else {
-    this->fine_mode_ = BH1750_MODE_H;
-    // lx = counts / 1.2 * (69 / mtreg)
-    // -> mtreg = counts / 1.2 * (69 / lx)
-    // calculate for counts=50000 (allow some range to not saturate, but maximize mtreg)
-    // -> mtreg = 50000*(10/12)*(69/lx)
-    int ideal_mtreg = COUNTS_TARGET * COUNTS_NUMERATOR * MTREG_DEFAULT / (COUNTS_DENOMINATOR * (int) lx);
-    this->fine_mtreg_ = std::min((int) MTREG_MAX, std::max((int) MTREG_MIN, ideal_mtreg));
-  }
-
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "L result: %.1f -> Calculated mode=%d, mtreg=%d", lx, (int) this->fine_mode_, this->fine_mtreg_);
-}
-
-void BH1750Sensor::fail_and_reset_() {
-  this->status_set_warning();
-  this->publish_state(NAN);
-  this->state_ = IDLE;
+      this->publish_state(val);
+    });
+  });
 }
 
 float BH1750Sensor::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::DATA; }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::bh1750
+}  // namespace bh1750
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bh1750/bh1750.h

@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@
 #include "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h"
 #include "esphome/components/i2c/i2c.h"
 
-namespace esphome::bh1750 {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace bh1750 {
 
-enum BH1750Mode : uint8_t {
+enum BH1750Mode {
   BH1750_MODE_L,
   BH1750_MODE_H,
   BH1750_MODE_H2,
@@ -20,36 +21,13 @@ class BH1750Sensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public i2c:
   void setup() override;
   void dump_config() override;
   void update() override;
-  void loop() override;
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
  protected:
-  // State machine states
-  enum State : uint8_t {
-    IDLE,
-    WAITING_COARSE_MEASUREMENT,
-    READING_COARSE_RESULT,
-    WAITING_FINE_MEASUREMENT,
-    READING_FINE_RESULT,
-  };
+  void read_lx_(BH1750Mode mode, uint8_t mtreg, const std::function<void(float)> &f);
 
-  // 4-byte aligned members
-  uint32_t measurement_start_time_{0};
-  uint32_t measurement_duration_{0};
-
-  // 1-byte members grouped together to minimize padding
-  State state_{IDLE};
-  BH1750Mode current_mode_{BH1750_MODE_L};
-  uint8_t current_mtreg_{31};
-  BH1750Mode fine_mode_{BH1750_MODE_H2};
-  uint8_t fine_mtreg_{254};
   uint8_t active_mtreg_{0};
-
-  // Helper methods
-  bool start_measurement_(BH1750Mode mode, uint8_t mtreg, uint32_t now);
-  bool read_measurement_(float &lx_out);
-  void process_coarse_result_(float lx);
-  void fail_and_reset_();
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::bh1750
+}  // namespace bh1750
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bh1900nux/bh1900nux.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ void BH1900NUXSensor::setup() {
   i2c::ErrorCode result_code =
       this->write_register(SOFT_RESET_REG, &SOFT_RESET_PAYLOAD, 1);  // Software Reset to check communication
   if (result_code != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    this->mark_failed(LOG_STR(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL));
+    this->mark_failed(ESP_LOG_MSG_COMM_FAIL);
     return;
   }
 }

esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -548,6 +548,11 @@ def binary_sensor_schema(
     return _BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.extend(schema)
 
 
+# Remove before 2025.11.0
+BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA = binary_sensor_schema()
+BINARY_SENSOR_SCHEMA.add_extra(cv.deprecated_schema_constant("binary_sensor"))
+
+
 async def setup_binary_sensor_core_(var, config):
     await setup_entity(var, config, "binary_sensor")
 

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.cpp

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 #include "automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace binary_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "binary_sensor.automation";
 
-void MultiClickTrigger::on_state_(bool state) {
+void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::on_state_(bool state) {
   // Handle duplicate events
   if (state == this->last_state_) {
     return;
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ void MultiClickTrigger::on_state_(bool state) {
 
   *this->at_index_ = *this->at_index_ + 1;
 }
-void MultiClickTrigger::schedule_cooldown_() {
+void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::schedule_cooldown_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: Invalid length of press, starting cooldown of %" PRIu32 " ms", this->invalid_cooldown_);
   this->is_in_cooldown_ = true;
   this->set_timeout("cooldown", this->invalid_cooldown_, [this]() {
@@ -78,7 +79,7 @@ void MultiClickTrigger::schedule_cooldown_() {
   this->cancel_timeout("is_valid");
   this->cancel_timeout("is_not_valid");
 }
-void MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_valid_(uint32_t min_length) {
+void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_valid_(uint32_t min_length) {
   if (min_length == 0) {
     this->is_valid_ = true;
     return;
@@ -89,19 +90,19 @@ void MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_valid_(uint32_t min_length) {
     this->is_valid_ = true;
   });
 }
-void MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_not_valid_(uint32_t max_length) {
+void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::schedule_is_not_valid_(uint32_t max_length) {
   this->set_timeout("is_not_valid", max_length, [this]() {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: You waited too long to %s.", this->parent_->state ? "RELEASE" : "PRESS");
     this->is_valid_ = false;
     this->schedule_cooldown_();
   });
 }
-void MultiClickTrigger::cancel() {
+void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::cancel() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: Sequence explicitly cancelled.");
   this->is_valid_ = false;
   this->schedule_cooldown_();
 }
-void MultiClickTrigger::trigger_() {
+void binary_sensor::MultiClickTrigger::trigger_() {
   ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Multi Click: Hooray, multi click is valid. Triggering!");
   this->at_index_.reset();
   this->cancel_timeout("trigger");
@@ -117,4 +118,5 @@ bool match_interval(uint32_t min_length, uint32_t max_length, uint32_t length) {
     return length >= min_length && length <= max_length;
   }
 }
-}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+}  // namespace binary_sensor
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/binary_sensor/automation.h

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h"
 
-namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace binary_sensor {
 
 struct MultiClickTriggerEvent {
   bool state;
@@ -140,7 +141,7 @@ class StateChangeTrigger : public Trigger<optional<bool>, optional<bool> > {
 template<typename... Ts> class BinarySensorCondition : public Condition<Ts...> {
  public:
   BinarySensorCondition(BinarySensor *parent, bool state) : parent_(parent), state_(state) {}
-  bool check(const Ts &...x) override { return this->parent_->state == this->state_; }
+  bool check(Ts... x) override { return this->parent_->state == this->state_; }
 
  protected:
   BinarySensor *parent_;
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BinarySensorPublishAction : public Action<Ts...>
   explicit BinarySensorPublishAction(BinarySensor *sensor) : sensor_(sensor) {}
   TEMPLATABLE_VALUE(bool, state)
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
     auto val = this->state_.value(x...);
     this->sensor_->publish_state(val);
   }
@@ -165,10 +166,11 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BinarySensorInvalidateAction : public Action<Ts..
  public:
   explicit BinarySensorInvalidateAction(BinarySensor *sensor) : sensor_(sensor) {}
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->sensor_->invalidate_state(); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->sensor_->invalidate_state(); }
 
  protected:
   BinarySensor *sensor_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+}  // namespace binary_sensor
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #include "binary_sensor.h"
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
-#include "esphome/core/controller_registry.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome {
+
+namespace binary_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "binary_sensor";
 
@@ -34,20 +34,10 @@ void BinarySensor::publish_initial_state(bool new_state) {
 void BinarySensor::send_state_internal(bool new_state) {
   // copy the new state to the visible property for backwards compatibility, before any callbacks
   this->state = new_state;
-  // Note that set_new_state_ de-dups and will only trigger callbacks if the state has actually changed
-  this->set_new_state(new_state);
-}
-
-bool BinarySensor::set_new_state(const optional<bool> &new_state) {
-  if (StatefulEntityBase::set_new_state(new_state)) {
-    // weirdly, this file could be compiled even without USE_BINARY_SENSOR defined
-#if defined(USE_BINARY_SENSOR) && defined(USE_CONTROLLER_REGISTRY)
-    ControllerRegistry::notify_binary_sensor_update(this);
-#endif
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': %s", this->get_name().c_str(), ONOFFMAYBE(new_state));
-    return true;
+  // Note that set_state_ de-dups and will only trigger callbacks if the state has actually changed
+  if (this->set_state_(new_state)) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "'%s': New state is %s", this->get_name().c_str(), ONOFF(new_state));
   }
-  return false;
 }
 
 void BinarySensor::add_filter(Filter *filter) {
@@ -68,4 +58,6 @@ void BinarySensor::add_filters(std::initializer_list<Filter *> filters) {
 }
 bool BinarySensor::is_status_binary_sensor() const { return false; }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+}  // namespace binary_sensor
+
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/binary_sensor/binary_sensor.h

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@
 
 #include <initializer_list>
 
-namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome {
+
+namespace binary_sensor {
 
 class BinarySensor;
 void log_binary_sensor(const char *tag, const char *prefix, const char *type, BinarySensor *obj);
@@ -61,8 +63,6 @@ class BinarySensor : public StatefulEntityBase<bool>, public EntityBase_DeviceCl
 
  protected:
   Filter *filter_list_{nullptr};
-
-  bool set_new_state(const optional<bool> &new_state) override;
 };
 
 class BinarySensorInitiallyOff : public BinarySensor {
@@ -70,4 +70,5 @@ class BinarySensorInitiallyOff : public BinarySensor {
   bool has_state() const override { return true; }
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+}  // namespace binary_sensor
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "binary_sensor.h"
 
-namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome {
+
+namespace binary_sensor {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "sensor.filter";
 
@@ -130,4 +132,6 @@ optional<bool> SettleFilter::new_value(bool value) {
 
 float SettleFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+}  // namespace binary_sensor
+
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h

@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-namespace esphome::binary_sensor {
+namespace esphome {
+
+namespace binary_sensor {
 
 class BinarySensor;
 
@@ -137,4 +139,6 @@ class SettleFilter : public Filter, public Component {
   bool steady_{true};
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::binary_sensor
+}  // namespace binary_sensor
+
+}  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/bl0906/bl0906.h

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class BL0906 : public PollingComponent, public uart::UARTDevice {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class ResetEnergyAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<BL0906> {
  public:
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override { this->parent_->enqueue_action_(&BL0906::reset_energy_); }
+  void play(Ts... x) override { this->parent_->enqueue_action_(&BL0906::reset_energy_); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace bl0906

esphome/components/bl0940/number/calibration_number.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ static const char *const TAG = "bl0940.number";
 void CalibrationNumber::setup() {
   float value = 0.0f;
   if (this->restore_value_) {
-    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_preference_hash());
+    this->pref_ = global_preferences->make_preference<float>(this->get_object_id_hash());
     if (!this->pref_.load(&value)) {
       value = 0.0f;
     }

esphome/components/ble_client/__init__.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_VALUE,
 )
-from esphome.core import ID
 
 AUTO_LOAD = ["esp32_ble_client"]
 CODEOWNERS = ["@buxtronix", "@clydebarrow"]
@@ -199,12 +198,7 @@ async def ble_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         templ = await cg.templatable(value, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8))
         cg.add(var.set_value_template(templ))
     else:
-        # Generate static array in flash to avoid RAM copy
-        if isinstance(value, bytes):
-            value = list(value)
-        arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_data", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint8)
-        arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*value))
-        cg.add(var.set_value_simple(arr, len(value)))
+        cg.add(var.set_value_simple(value))
 
     if len(config[CONF_SERVICE_UUID]) == len(esp32_ble_tracker.bt_uuid16_format):
         cg.add(

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.cpp

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 #include "automation.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 const char *const Automation::TAG = "ble_client.automation";
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/automation.h

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 // placeholder class for static TAG .
 class Automation {
@@ -95,8 +96,11 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
   BLEClientWriteAction(BLEClient *ble_client) {
     ble_client->register_ble_node(this);
     ble_client_ = ble_client;
+    this->construct_simple_value_();
   }
 
+  ~BLEClientWriteAction() { this->destroy_simple_value_(); }
+
   void set_service_uuid16(uint16_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint16(uuid); }
   void set_service_uuid32(uint32_t uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_uint32(uuid); }
   void set_service_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->service_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
@@ -106,34 +110,27 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
   void set_char_uuid128(uint8_t *uuid) { this->char_uuid_ = espbt::ESPBTUUID::from_raw(uuid); }
 
   void set_value_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
-    this->value_.func = func;
-    this->len_ = -1;  // Sentinel value indicates template mode
+    this->destroy_simple_value_();
+    this->value_.template_func = func;
+    this->has_simple_value_ = false;
   }
 
-  // Store pointer to static data in flash (no RAM copy)
-  void set_value_simple(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-    this->value_.data = data;
-    this->len_ = len;  // Length >= 0 indicates static mode
+  void set_value_simple(const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) {
+    if (!this->has_simple_value_) {
+      this->construct_simple_value_();
+    }
+    this->value_.simple = value;
+    this->has_simple_value_ = true;
   }
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
+  void play(Ts... x) override {}
 
-  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     this->var_ = std::make_tuple(x...);
-
-    bool result;
-    if (this->len_ >= 0) {
-      // Static mode: write directly from flash pointer
-      result = this->write(this->value_.data, this->len_);
-    } else {
-      // Template mode: call function and write the vector
-      std::vector<uint8_t> value = this->value_.func(x...);
-      result = this->write(value);
-    }
-
+    auto value = this->has_simple_value_ ? this->value_.simple : this->value_.template_func(x...);
     // on write failure, continue the automation chain rather than stopping so that e.g. disconnect can work.
-    if (!result)
+    if (!write(value))
       this->play_next_(x...);
   }
 
@@ -146,15 +143,15 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
    * errors.
    */
   // initiate the write. Return true if all went well, will be followed by a WRITE_CHAR event.
-  bool write(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+  bool write(const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) {
     if (this->node_state != espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED) {
       esph_log_w(Automation::TAG, "Cannot write to BLE characteristic - not connected");
       return false;
     }
-    esph_log_vv(Automation::TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", len, format_hex_pretty(data, len).c_str());
-    esp_err_t err =
-        esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(), this->char_handle_, len,
-                                 const_cast<uint8_t *>(data), this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
+    esph_log_vv(Automation::TAG, "Will write %d bytes: %s", value.size(), format_hex_pretty(value).c_str());
+    esp_err_t err = esp_ble_gattc_write_char(this->parent()->get_gattc_if(), this->parent()->get_conn_id(),
+                                             this->char_handle_, value.size(), const_cast<uint8_t *>(value.data()),
+                                             this->write_type_, ESP_GATT_AUTH_REQ_NONE);
     if (err != ESP_OK) {
       esph_log_e(Automation::TAG, "Error writing to characteristic: %s!", esp_err_to_name(err));
       return false;
@@ -162,8 +159,6 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
     return true;
   }
 
-  bool write(const std::vector<uint8_t> &value) { return this->write(value.data(), value.size()); }
-
   void gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t gattc_if,
                            esp_ble_gattc_cb_param_t *param) override {
     switch (event) {
@@ -197,7 +192,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
         }
         this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
         esph_log_d(Automation::TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
-                   ble_client_->address_str());
+                   ble_client_->address_str().c_str());
         break;
       }
       default:
@@ -206,11 +201,21 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, publ
   }
 
  private:
+  void construct_simple_value_() { new (&this->value_.simple) std::vector<uint8_t>(); }
+
+  void destroy_simple_value_() {
+    if (this->has_simple_value_) {
+      this->value_.simple.~vector();
+    }
+  }
+
   BLEClient *ble_client_;
-  ssize_t len_{-1};  // -1 = template mode, >=0 = static mode with length
+  bool has_simple_value_ = true;
   union Value {
-    std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...);  // Function pointer (stateless lambdas)
-    const uint8_t *data;                  // Pointer to static data in flash
+    std::vector<uint8_t> simple;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> (*template_func)(Ts...);
+    Value() {}   // trivial constructor
+    ~Value() {}  // trivial destructor - we manage lifetime via discriminator
   } value_;
   espbt::ESPBTUUID service_uuid_;
   espbt::ESPBTUUID char_uuid_;
@@ -224,7 +229,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientPasskeyReplyAction : public Action<Ts...
  public:
   BLEClientPasskeyReplyAction(BLEClient *ble_client) { parent_ = ble_client; }
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
     uint32_t passkey;
     if (has_simple_value_) {
       passkey = this->value_.simple;
@@ -261,7 +266,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientNumericComparisonReplyAction : public Ac
  public:
   BLEClientNumericComparisonReplyAction(BLEClient *ble_client) { parent_ = ble_client; }
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
     esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda;
     memcpy(remote_bda, parent_->get_remote_bda(), sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
     if (has_simple_value_) {
@@ -294,7 +299,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientRemoveBondAction : public Action<Ts...>
  public:
   BLEClientRemoveBondAction(BLEClient *ble_client) { parent_ = ble_client; }
 
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play(Ts... x) override {
     esp_bd_addr_t remote_bda;
     memcpy(remote_bda, parent_->get_remote_bda(), sizeof(esp_bd_addr_t));
     esp_ble_remove_bond_device(remote_bda);
@@ -329,9 +334,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientConnectAction : public Action<Ts...>, pu
   }
 
   // not used since we override play_complex_
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
+  void play(Ts... x) override {}
 
-  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
     // it makes no sense to have multiple instances of this running at the same time.
     // this would occur only if the same automation was re-triggered while still
     // running. So just cancel the second chain if this is detected.
@@ -374,9 +379,9 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientDisconnectAction : public Action<Ts...>,
   }
 
   // not used since we override play_complex_
-  void play(const Ts &...x) override {}
+  void play(Ts... x) override {}
 
-  void play_complex(const Ts &...x) override {
+  void play_complex(Ts... x) override {
     this->num_running_++;
     if (this->node_state == espbt::ClientState::IDLE) {
       this->play_next_(x...);
@@ -390,6 +395,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class BLEClientDisconnectAction : public Action<Ts...>,
   BLEClient *ble_client_;
   std::tuple<Ts...> var_{};
 };
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.cpp

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_client";
 
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ void BLEClient::set_enabled(bool enabled) {
     return;
   this->enabled = enabled;
   if (!enabled) {
-    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disabling BLE client.", this->address_str());
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[%s] Disabling BLE client.", this->address_str().c_str());
     this->disconnect();
   }
 }
@@ -81,6 +82,7 @@ bool BLEClient::all_nodes_established_() {
   return true;
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/ble_client.h

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 namespace espbt = esphome::esp32_ble_tracker;
 
@@ -74,6 +75,7 @@ class BLEClient : public BLEClientBase {
   std::vector<BLEClientNode *> nodes_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/output/ble_binary_output.cpp

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 #include "esphome/components/esp32_ble_tracker/esp32_ble_tracker.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_binary_output";
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ void BLEBinaryOutput::dump_config() {
                 "  MAC address        : %s\n"
                 "  Service UUID       : %s\n"
                 "  Characteristic UUID: %s",
-                this->parent_->address_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
+                this->parent_->address_str().c_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
                 this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str());
   LOG_BINARY_OUTPUT(this);
 }
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ void BLEBinaryOutput::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_i
       }
       this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
       ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Found characteristic %s on device %s", this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
-               this->parent()->address_str());
+               this->parent()->address_str().c_str());
       this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
       break;
     }
@@ -74,5 +75,6 @@ void BLEBinaryOutput::write_state(bool state) {
     ESP_LOGW(TAG, "[%s] Write error, err=%d", this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), err);
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/output/ble_binary_output.h

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 namespace espbt = esphome::esp32_ble_tracker;
 
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ class BLEBinaryOutput : public output::BinaryOutput, public BLEClientNode, publi
   esp_gatt_write_type_t write_type_{};
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/automation.h

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 class BLESensorNotifyTrigger : public Trigger<float>, public BLESensor {
  public:
@@ -34,6 +35,7 @@ class BLESensorNotifyTrigger : public Trigger<float>, public BLESensor {
   BLESensor *sensor_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_rssi_sensor.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_rssi_sensor";
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ void BLEClientRSSISensor::loop() {
 
 void BLEClientRSSISensor::dump_config() {
   LOG_SENSOR("", "BLE Client RSSI Sensor", this);
-  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  MAC address        : %s", this->parent()->address_str());
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  MAC address        : %s", this->parent()->address_str().c_str());
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
 
@@ -68,14 +69,15 @@ void BLEClientRSSISensor::update() {
   this->get_rssi_();
 }
 void BLEClientRSSISensor::get_rssi_() {
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "requesting rssi from %s", this->parent()->address_str());
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "requesting rssi from %s", this->parent()->address_str().c_str());
   auto status = esp_ble_gap_read_rssi(this->parent()->get_remote_bda());
   if (status != ESP_OK) {
-    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_read_rssi error, address=%s, status=%d", this->parent()->address_str(), status);
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "esp_ble_gap_read_rssi error, address=%s, status=%d", this->parent()->address_str().c_str(), status);
     this->status_set_warning();
     this->publish_state(NAN);
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_rssi_sensor.h

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 namespace espbt = esphome::esp32_ble_tracker;
 
@@ -28,5 +29,6 @@ class BLEClientRSSISensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, publ
   bool should_update_{false};
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_sensor.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_sensor";
 
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ void BLESensor::dump_config() {
                 "  Characteristic UUID: %s\n"
                 "  Descriptor UUID    : %s\n"
                 "  Notifications      : %s",
-                this->parent()->address_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
+                this->parent()->address_str().c_str(), this->service_uuid_.to_string().c_str(),
                 this->char_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), this->descr_uuid_.to_string().c_str(), YESNO(this->notify_));
   LOG_UPDATE_INTERVAL(this);
 }
@@ -76,9 +77,6 @@ void BLESensor::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_if_t ga
         }
       } else {
         this->node_state = espbt::ClientState::ESTABLISHED;
-        // For non-notify characteristics, trigger an immediate read after service discovery
-        // to avoid peripherals disconnecting due to inactivity
-        this->update();
       }
       break;
     }
@@ -146,5 +144,6 @@ void BLESensor::update() {
   }
 }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/sensor/ble_sensor.h

@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 namespace espbt = esphome::esp32_ble_tracker;
 
@@ -47,5 +48,6 @@ class BLESensor : public sensor::Sensor, public PollingComponent, public BLEClie
   espbt::ESPBTUUID descr_uuid_;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/switch/ble_switch.cpp

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "ble_switch";
 
@@ -30,5 +31,6 @@ void BLEClientSwitch::gattc_event_handler(esp_gattc_cb_event_t event, esp_gatt_i
 
 void BLEClientSwitch::dump_config() { LOG_SWITCH("", "BLE Client Switch", this); }
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif

esphome/components/ble_client/switch/ble_switch.h

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 #include <esp_gattc_api.h>
 
-namespace esphome::ble_client {
+namespace esphome {
+namespace ble_client {
 
 namespace espbt = esphome::esp32_ble_tracker;
 
@@ -23,5 +24,6 @@ class BLEClientSwitch : public switch_::Switch, public Component, public BLEClie
   void write_state(bool state) override;
 };
 
-}  // namespace esphome::ble_client
+}  // namespace ble_client
+}  // namespace esphome
 #endif