[i2s_audio] Bugfix: Buffer overflow in software volume control (#13190)

Co-authored-by: dependabot[bot] <49699333+dependabot[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

.ai/instructions.md

@@ -293,6 +293,12 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
     *   **Configuration Design:** Aim for simplicity with sensible defaults, while allowing for advanced customization.
     *   **Embedded Systems Optimization:** ESPHome targets resource-constrained microcontrollers. Be mindful of flash size and RAM usage.
 
+        **Why Heap Allocation Matters:**
+
+        ESP devices run for months with small heaps shared between Wi-Fi, BLE, LWIP, and application code. Over time, repeated allocations of different sizes fragment the heap. Failures happen when the largest contiguous block shrinks, even if total free heap is still large. We have seen field crashes caused by this.
+
+        **Heap allocation after `setup()` should be avoided unless absolutely unavoidable.** Every allocation/deallocation cycle contributes to fragmentation. ESPHome treats runtime heap allocation as a long-term reliability bug, not a performance issue. Helpers that hide allocation (`std::string`, `std::to_string`, string-returning helpers) are being deprecated and replaced with buffer and view based APIs.
+
         **STL Container Guidelines:**
 
         ESPHome runs on embedded systems with limited resources. Choose containers carefully:
@@ -322,15 +328,15 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
            std::array<uint8_t, 256> buffer;
            ```
 
-        2. **Compile-time-known fixed sizes with vector-like API:** Use `StaticVector` from `esphome/core/helpers.h` for fixed-size stack allocation with `push_back()` interface.
+        2. **Compile-time-known fixed sizes with vector-like API:** Use `StaticVector` from `esphome/core/helpers.h` for compile-time fixed size with `push_back()` interface (no dynamic allocation).
            ```cpp
            // Bad - generates STL realloc code (_M_realloc_insert)
            std::vector<ServiceRecord> services;
            services.reserve(5);  // Still includes reallocation machinery
 
-           // Good - compile-time fixed size, stack allocated, no reallocation machinery
-           StaticVector<ServiceRecord, MAX_SERVICES> services;  // Allocates all MAX_SERVICES on stack
-           services.push_back(record1);  // Tracks count but all slots allocated
+           // Good - compile-time fixed size, no dynamic allocation
+           StaticVector<ServiceRecord, MAX_SERVICES> services;
+           services.push_back(record1);
            ```
            Use `cg.add_define("MAX_SERVICES", count)` to set the size from Python configuration.
            Like `std::array` but with vector-like API (`push_back()`, `size()`) and no STL reallocation code.
@@ -372,22 +378,21 @@ This document provides essential context for AI models interacting with this pro
            ```
            Linear search on small datasets (1-16 elements) is often faster than hashing/tree overhead, but this depends on lookup frequency and access patterns. For frequent lookups in hot code paths, the O(1) vs O(n) complexity difference may still matter even for small datasets. `std::vector` with simple structs is usually fine—it's the heavy containers (`map`, `set`, `unordered_map`) that should be avoided for small datasets unless profiling shows otherwise.
 
-        5. **Detection:** Look for these patterns in compiler output:
+        5. **Avoid `std::deque`:** It allocates in 512-byte blocks regardless of element size, guaranteeing at least 512 bytes of RAM usage immediately. This is a major source of crashes on memory-constrained devices.
+
+        6. **Detection:** Look for these patterns in compiler output:
            - Large code sections with STL symbols (vector, map, set)
            - `alloc`, `realloc`, `dealloc` in symbol names
            - `_M_realloc_insert`, `_M_default_append` (vector reallocation)
            - Red-black tree code (`rb_tree`, `_Rb_tree`)
            - Hash table infrastructure (`unordered_map`, `hash`)
 
-        **When to optimize:**
+        **Prioritize optimization effort for:**
         - Core components (API, network, logger)
         - Widely-used components (mdns, wifi, ble)
         - Components causing flash size complaints
 
-        **When not to optimize:**
-        - Single-use niche components
-        - Code where readability matters more than bytes
-        - Already using appropriate containers
+        Note: Avoiding heap allocation after `setup()` is always required regardless of component type. The prioritization above is about the effort spent on container optimization (e.g., migrating from `std::vector` to `StaticVector`).
 
     *   **State Management:** Use `CORE.data` for component state that needs to persist during configuration generation. Avoid module-level mutable globals.
 

.github/workflows/codeql.yml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
       - name: Initialize CodeQL
-        uses: github/codeql-action/init@5d4e8d1aca955e8d8589aabd499c5cae939e33c7 # v4.31.9
+        uses: github/codeql-action/init@cdefb33c0f6224e58673d9004f47f7cb3e328b89 # v4.31.10
         with:
           languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
           build-mode: ${{ matrix.build-mode }}
@@ -86,6 +86,6 @@ jobs:
           exit 1
 
       - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@5d4e8d1aca955e8d8589aabd499c5cae939e33c7 # v4.31.9
+        uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@cdefb33c0f6224e58673d9004f47f7cb3e328b89 # v4.31.10
         with:
           category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"

CODEOWNERS

@@ -249,11 +249,13 @@ esphome/components/ina260/* @mreditor97
 esphome/components/ina2xx_base/* @latonita
 esphome/components/ina2xx_i2c/* @latonita
 esphome/components/ina2xx_spi/* @latonita
+esphome/components/infrared/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/inkbird_ibsth1_mini/* @fkirill
 esphome/components/inkplate/* @jesserockz @JosipKuci
 esphome/components/integration/* @OttoWinter
 esphome/components/internal_temperature/* @Mat931
 esphome/components/interval/* @esphome/core
+esphome/components/ir_rf_proxy/* @kbx81
 esphome/components/jsn_sr04t/* @Mafus1
 esphome/components/json/* @esphome/core
 esphome/components/kamstrup_kmp/* @cfeenstra1024

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ service APIConnection {
 
   rpc zwave_proxy_frame(ZWaveProxyFrame) returns (void) {}
   rpc zwave_proxy_request(ZWaveProxyRequest) returns (void) {}
+
+  rpc infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings(InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest) returns (void) {}
 }
 
 
@@ -763,7 +765,7 @@ message SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest {
 
 message HomeassistantServiceMap {
   string key = 1;
-  string value = 2 [(no_zero_copy) = true];
+  string value = 2;
 }
 
 message HomeassistantActionRequest {
@@ -779,7 +781,7 @@ message HomeassistantActionRequest {
   bool is_event = 5;
   uint32 call_id = 6 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES"];
   bool wants_response = 7 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON"];
-  string response_template = 8 [(no_zero_copy) = true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON"];
+  string response_template = 8 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON"];
 }
 
 // Message sent by Home Assistant to ESPHome with service call response data
@@ -2437,3 +2439,49 @@ message ZWaveProxyRequest {
   ZWaveProxyRequestType type = 1;
   bytes data = 2;
 }
+
+// ==================== INFRARED ====================
+// Note: Feature and capability flag enums are defined in
+// esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h
+
+// Listing of infrared instances
+message ListEntitiesInfraredResponse {
+  option (id) = 135;
+  option (base_class) = "InfoResponseProtoMessage";
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_INFRARED";
+
+  string object_id = 1;
+  fixed32 key = 2;
+  string name = 3;
+  string icon = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
+  bool disabled_by_default = 5;
+  EntityCategory entity_category = 6;
+  uint32 device_id = 7 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
+  uint32 capabilities = 8;  // Bitfield of InfraredCapabilityFlags
+}
+
+// Command to transmit infrared/RF data using raw timings
+message InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest {
+  option (id) = 136;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_CLIENT;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_IR_RF";
+
+  uint32 device_id = 1 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
+  fixed32 key = 2;                                       // Key identifying the transmitter instance
+  uint32 carrier_frequency = 3;                          // Carrier frequency in Hz
+  uint32 repeat_count = 4;                               // Number of times to transmit (1 = once, 2 = twice, etc.)
+  repeated sint32 timings = 5 [packed = true, (packed_buffer) = true];  // Raw timings in microseconds (zigzag-encoded): positive = mark (LED/TX on), negative = space (LED/TX off)
+}
+
+// Event message for received infrared/RF data
+message InfraredRFReceiveEvent {
+  option (id) = 137;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_IR_RF";
+  option (no_delay) = true;
+
+  uint32 device_id = 1 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];
+  fixed32 key = 2;                                    // Key identifying the receiver instance
+  repeated sint32 timings = 3 [packed = true, (container_pointer_no_template) = "std::vector<int32_t>"];  // Raw timings in microseconds (zigzag-encoded): alternating mark/space periods
+}

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -46,6 +46,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
 #include "esphome/components/water_heater/water_heater.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+#include "esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
@@ -302,7 +305,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::encode_message_to_buffer(ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t mess
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   // If in log-only mode, just log and return
   if (conn->flags_.log_only_mode) {
-    conn->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump());
+    DumpBuffer dump_buf;
+    conn->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump_to(dump_buf));
     return 1;  // Return non-zero to indicate "success" for logging
   }
 #endif
@@ -443,7 +447,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *co
   if (traits.supports_direction())
     msg.direction = static_cast<enums::FanDirection>(fan->direction);
   if (traits.supports_preset_modes() && fan->has_preset_mode())
-    msg.preset_mode = StringRef(fan->get_preset_mode());
+    msg.preset_mode = fan->get_preset_mode();
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(fan, msg, FanStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
 uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_fan_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size,
@@ -499,7 +503,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *
   resp.cold_white = values.get_cold_white();
   resp.warm_white = values.get_warm_white();
   if (light->supports_effects()) {
-    resp.effect = light->get_effect_name_ref();
+    resp.effect = light->get_effect_name();
   }
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(light, resp, LightStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
@@ -522,7 +526,8 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_light_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
     effects_list.init(light_effects.size() + 1);
     effects_list.push_back("None");
     for (auto *effect : light_effects) {
-      effects_list.push_back(effect->get_name());
+      // c_str() is safe as effect names are null-terminated strings from codegen
+      effects_list.push_back(effect->get_name().c_str());
     }
   }
   msg.effects = &effects_list;
@@ -675,13 +680,13 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_climate_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
   if (traits.get_supports_fan_modes() && climate->fan_mode.has_value())
     resp.fan_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateFanMode>(climate->fan_mode.value());
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && climate->has_custom_fan_mode()) {
-    resp.custom_fan_mode = StringRef(climate->get_custom_fan_mode());
+    resp.custom_fan_mode = climate->get_custom_fan_mode();
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_presets() && climate->preset.has_value()) {
     resp.preset = static_cast<enums::ClimatePreset>(climate->preset.value());
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && climate->has_custom_preset()) {
-    resp.custom_preset = StringRef(climate->get_custom_preset());
+    resp.custom_preset = climate->get_custom_preset();
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes())
     resp.swing_mode = static_cast<enums::ClimateSwingMode>(climate->swing_mode);
@@ -914,7 +919,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_select_state(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection
                                               bool is_single) {
   auto *select = static_cast<select::Select *>(entity);
   SelectStateResponse resp;
-  resp.state = StringRef(select->current_option());
+  resp.state = select->current_option();
   resp.missing_state = !select->has_state();
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(select, resp, SelectStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
@@ -1414,14 +1419,15 @@ void APIConnection::on_water_heater_command_request(const WaterHeaterCommandRequ
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-void APIConnection::send_event(event::Event *event, const char *event_type) {
-  this->send_message_smart_(event, MessageCreator(event_type), EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
+void APIConnection::send_event(event::Event *event, StringRef event_type) {
+  // get_last_event_type() returns StringRef pointing to null-terminated string literals from codegen
+  this->send_message_smart_(event, MessageCreator(event_type.c_str()), EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
                             EventResponse::ESTIMATED_SIZE);
 }
-uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const char *event_type, APIConnection *conn,
+uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, StringRef event_type, APIConnection *conn,
                                                 uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single) {
   EventResponse resp;
-  resp.event_type = StringRef(event_type);
+  resp.event_type = event_type;
   return fill_and_encode_entity_state(event, resp, EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
 }
 
@@ -1436,6 +1442,35 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_event_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *c
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+void APIConnection::infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &msg) {
+  // TODO: When RF is implemented, add a field to the message to distinguish IR vs RF
+  // and dispatch to the appropriate entity type based on that field.
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+  ENTITY_COMMAND_MAKE_CALL(infrared::Infrared, infrared, infrared)
+  call.set_carrier_frequency(msg.carrier_frequency);
+  call.set_raw_timings_packed(msg.timings_data_, msg.timings_length_, msg.timings_count_);
+  call.set_repeat_count(msg.repeat_count);
+  call.perform();
+#endif
+}
+
+void APIConnection::send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg) {
+  this->send_message(msg, InfraredRFReceiveEvent::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+uint16_t APIConnection::try_send_infrared_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size,
+                                               bool is_single) {
+  auto *infrared = static_cast<infrared::Infrared *>(entity);
+  ListEntitiesInfraredResponse msg;
+  msg.capabilities = infrared->get_capability_flags();
+  return fill_and_encode_entity_info(infrared, msg, ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE, conn, remaining_size,
+                                     is_single);
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
 bool APIConnection::send_update_state(update::UpdateEntity *update) {
   return this->send_message_smart_(update, &APIConnection::try_send_update_state, UpdateStateResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE,
@@ -2055,7 +2090,7 @@ uint16_t APIConnection::MessageCreator::operator()(EntityBase *entity, APIConnec
   // Special case: EventResponse uses const char * pointer
   if (message_type == EventResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE) {
     auto *e = static_cast<event::Event *>(entity);
-    return APIConnection::try_send_event_response(e, data_.const_char_ptr, conn, remaining_size, is_single);
+    return APIConnection::try_send_event_response(e, StringRef(data_.const_char_ptr), conn, remaining_size, is_single);
   }
 #endif
 

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -172,8 +172,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   void on_water_heater_command_request(const WaterHeaterCommandRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+  void infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &msg) override;
+  void send_infrared_rf_receive_event(const InfraredRFReceiveEvent &msg);
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  void send_event(event::Event *event, const char *event_type);
+  void send_event(event::Event *event, StringRef event_type);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_UPDATE
@@ -468,8 +473,12 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
   static uint16_t try_send_water_heater_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size,
                                              bool is_single);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+  static uint16_t try_send_infrared_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size,
+                                         bool is_single);
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
-  static uint16_t try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, const char *event_type, APIConnection *conn,
+  static uint16_t try_send_event_response(event::Event *event, StringRef event_type, APIConnection *conn,
                                           uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single);
   static uint16_t try_send_event_info(EntityBase *entity, APIConnection *conn, uint32_t remaining_size, bool is_single);
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_options.proto

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ extend google.protobuf.MessageOptions {
 extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
     optional string field_ifdef = 1042;
     optional uint32 fixed_array_size = 50007;
-    optional bool no_zero_copy = 50008 [default=false];
     optional bool fixed_array_skip_zero = 50009 [default=false];
     optional string fixed_array_size_define = 50010;
     optional string fixed_array_with_length_define = 50011;
@@ -80,4 +79,15 @@ extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
     // Example: [(container_pointer_no_template) = "light::ColorModeMask"]
     //   generates: const light::ColorModeMask *supported_color_modes{};
     optional string container_pointer_no_template = 50014;
+
+    // packed_buffer: Expose raw packed buffer instead of decoding into container
+    // When set on a packed repeated field, the generated code stores a pointer
+    // to the raw protobuf buffer instead of decoding values. This enables
+    // zero-copy passthrough when the consumer can decode on-demand.
+    // The field must be a packed repeated field (packed=true).
+    // Generates three fields:
+    //   - const uint8_t *<field>_data_{nullptr};
+    //   - uint16_t <field>_length_{0};
+    //   - uint16_t <field>_count_{0};
+    optional bool packed_buffer = 50015 [default=false];
 }

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -3347,5 +3347,98 @@ void ZWaveProxyRequest::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->data_len);
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+void ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id);
+  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  buffer.encode_string(3, this->name);
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  buffer.encode_string(4, this->icon);
+#endif
+  buffer.encode_bool(5, this->disabled_by_default);
+  buffer.encode_uint32(6, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  buffer.encode_uint32(7, this->device_id);
+#endif
+  buffer.encode_uint32(8, this->capabilities);
+}
+void ListEntitiesInfraredResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+  size.add_length(1, this->object_id.size());
+  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  size.add_length(1, this->name.size());
+#ifdef USE_ENTITY_ICON
+  size.add_length(1, this->icon.size());
+#endif
+  size.add_bool(1, this->disabled_by_default);
+  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->entity_category));
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+#endif
+  size.add_uint32(1, this->capabilities);
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+bool InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+    case 1:
+      this->device_id = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+#endif
+    case 3:
+      this->carrier_frequency = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      this->repeat_count = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 5: {
+      this->timings_data_ = value.data();
+      this->timings_length_ = value.size();
+      this->timings_count_ = count_packed_varints(value.data(), value.size());
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+    case 2:
+      this->key = value.as_fixed32();
+      break;
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+void InfraredRFReceiveEvent::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+#endif
+  buffer.encode_fixed32(2, this->key);
+  for (const auto &it : *this->timings) {
+    buffer.encode_sint32(3, it, true);
+  }
+}
+void InfraredRFReceiveEvent::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  size.add_uint32(1, this->device_id);
+#endif
+  size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
+  if (!this->timings->empty()) {
+    for (const auto &it : *this->timings) {
+      size.add_sint32_force(1, it);
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.cpp

@@ -8,8 +8,12 @@ namespace esphome::api {
 static const char *const TAG = "api.service";
 
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-void APIServerConnectionBase::log_send_message_(const char *name, const std::string &dump) {
-  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "send_message %s: %s", name, dump.c_str());
+void APIServerConnectionBase::log_send_message_(const char *name, const char *dump) {
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "send_message %s: %s", name, dump);
+}
+void APIServerConnectionBase::log_receive_message_(const LogString *name, const ProtoMessage &msg) {
+  DumpBuffer dump_buf;
+  ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "%s: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(name), msg.dump_to(dump_buf));
 }
 #endif
 
@@ -19,7 +23,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       HelloRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_hello_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_hello_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_hello_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -28,7 +32,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       DisconnectRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_disconnect_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_disconnect_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_disconnect_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -37,7 +41,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       DisconnectResponse msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_disconnect_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_disconnect_response"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_disconnect_response(msg);
       break;
@@ -46,7 +50,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       PingRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_ping_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_ping_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_ping_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -55,7 +59,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       PingResponse msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_ping_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_ping_response"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_ping_response(msg);
       break;
@@ -64,7 +68,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       DeviceInfoRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_device_info_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_device_info_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_device_info_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -73,7 +77,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       ListEntitiesRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_list_entities_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_list_entities_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_list_entities_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -82,7 +86,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SubscribeStatesRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_subscribe_states_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_states_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_subscribe_states_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -91,7 +95,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SubscribeLogsRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_subscribe_logs_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_logs_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_subscribe_logs_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       CoverCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_cover_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_cover_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_cover_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       FanCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_fan_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_fan_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_fan_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -123,7 +127,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       LightCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_light_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_light_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_light_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -134,7 +138,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SwitchCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_switch_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_switch_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_switch_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -145,7 +149,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SubscribeHomeassistantServicesRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_subscribe_homeassistant_services_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -155,7 +159,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       GetTimeResponse msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_get_time_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_get_time_response"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_get_time_response(msg);
       break;
@@ -165,7 +169,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SubscribeHomeAssistantStatesRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_subscribe_home_assistant_states_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -176,7 +180,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       HomeAssistantStateResponse msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_home_assistant_state_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_home_assistant_state_response"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_home_assistant_state_response(msg);
       break;
@@ -187,7 +191,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       ExecuteServiceRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_execute_service_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_execute_service_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_execute_service_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -198,7 +202,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       CameraImageRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_camera_image_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_camera_image_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_camera_image_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -209,7 +213,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       ClimateCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_climate_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_climate_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_climate_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -220,7 +224,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       NumberCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_number_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_number_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_number_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -231,7 +235,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SelectCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_select_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_select_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_select_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -242,7 +246,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SirenCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_siren_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_siren_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_siren_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -253,7 +257,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       LockCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_lock_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_lock_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_lock_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -264,7 +268,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       ButtonCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_button_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_button_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_button_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -275,7 +279,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       MediaPlayerCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_media_player_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_media_player_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_media_player_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -286,7 +290,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_subscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -297,7 +301,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       BluetoothDeviceRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_bluetooth_device_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_bluetooth_device_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_bluetooth_device_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -308,7 +312,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       BluetoothGATTGetServicesRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_bluetooth_gatt_get_services_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -319,7 +323,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       BluetoothGATTReadRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_bluetooth_gatt_read_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -330,7 +334,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       BluetoothGATTWriteRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_bluetooth_gatt_write_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -341,7 +345,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       BluetoothGATTReadDescriptorRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_bluetooth_gatt_read_descriptor_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -352,7 +356,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       BluetoothGATTWriteDescriptorRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_bluetooth_gatt_write_descriptor_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -363,7 +367,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       BluetoothGATTNotifyRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_bluetooth_gatt_notify_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -374,7 +378,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SubscribeBluetoothConnectionsFreeRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_subscribe_bluetooth_connections_free_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -385,7 +389,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       UnsubscribeBluetoothLEAdvertisementsRequest msg;
       // Empty message: no decode needed
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_unsubscribe_bluetooth_le_advertisements_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -396,7 +400,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       SubscribeVoiceAssistantRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_subscribe_voice_assistant_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_subscribe_voice_assistant_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_subscribe_voice_assistant_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -407,7 +411,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       VoiceAssistantResponse msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_voice_assistant_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_voice_assistant_response"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_voice_assistant_response(msg);
       break;
@@ -418,7 +422,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       VoiceAssistantEventResponse msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_voice_assistant_event_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_voice_assistant_event_response"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_voice_assistant_event_response(msg);
       break;
@@ -429,7 +433,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       AlarmControlPanelCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_alarm_control_panel_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_alarm_control_panel_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_alarm_control_panel_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -440,7 +444,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       TextCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_text_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_text_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_text_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -451,7 +455,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       DateCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_date_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_date_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_date_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -462,7 +466,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       TimeCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_time_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_time_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_time_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -473,7 +477,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       VoiceAssistantAudio msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_voice_assistant_audio: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_voice_assistant_audio"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_voice_assistant_audio(msg);
       break;
@@ -484,7 +488,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       ValveCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_valve_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_valve_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_valve_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -495,7 +499,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       DateTimeCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_date_time_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_date_time_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_date_time_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -506,7 +510,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       VoiceAssistantTimerEventResponse msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_voice_assistant_timer_event_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_voice_assistant_timer_event_response"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_voice_assistant_timer_event_response(msg);
       break;
@@ -517,7 +521,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       UpdateCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_update_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_update_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_update_command_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -528,7 +532,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       VoiceAssistantAnnounceRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_voice_assistant_announce_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_voice_assistant_announce_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_voice_assistant_announce_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -539,7 +543,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       VoiceAssistantConfigurationRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_voice_assistant_configuration_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_voice_assistant_configuration_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_voice_assistant_configuration_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -550,7 +554,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       VoiceAssistantSetConfiguration msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_voice_assistant_set_configuration: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_voice_assistant_set_configuration"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_voice_assistant_set_configuration(msg);
       break;
@@ -561,7 +565,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_noise_encryption_set_key_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_noise_encryption_set_key_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_noise_encryption_set_key_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -572,7 +576,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       BluetoothScannerSetModeRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_bluetooth_scanner_set_mode_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -583,7 +587,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       ZWaveProxyFrame msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_z_wave_proxy_frame: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_z_wave_proxy_frame"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_z_wave_proxy_frame(msg);
       break;
@@ -594,7 +598,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       ZWaveProxyRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_z_wave_proxy_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_z_wave_proxy_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_z_wave_proxy_request(msg);
       break;
@@ -605,7 +609,7 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       HomeassistantActionResponse msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_homeassistant_action_response: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_homeassistant_action_response"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_homeassistant_action_response(msg);
       break;
@@ -616,11 +620,22 @@ void APIServerConnectionBase::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type,
       WaterHeaterCommandRequest msg;
       msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-      ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "on_water_heater_command_request: %s", msg.dump().c_str());
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_water_heater_command_request"), msg);
 #endif
       this->on_water_heater_command_request(msg);
       break;
     }
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+    case InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest::MESSAGE_TYPE: {
+      InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest msg;
+      msg.decode(msg_data, msg_size);
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+      this->log_receive_message_(LOG_STR("on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request"), msg);
+#endif
+      this->on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(msg);
+      break;
+    }
 #endif
     default:
       break;
@@ -819,6 +834,11 @@ void APIServerConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_frame(const ZWaveProxyFrame &msg) { th
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
 void APIServerConnection::on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) { this->zwave_proxy_request(msg); }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+void APIServerConnection::on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &msg) {
+  this->infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings(msg);
+}
+#endif
 
 void APIServerConnection::read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) {
   // Check authentication/connection requirements for messages

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_service.h

@@ -12,14 +12,16 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
  public:
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
  protected:
-  void log_send_message_(const char *name, const std::string &dump);
+  void log_send_message_(const char *name, const char *dump);
+  void log_receive_message_(const LogString *name, const ProtoMessage &msg);
 
  public:
 #endif
 
   bool send_message(const ProtoMessage &msg, uint8_t message_type) {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-    this->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump());
+    DumpBuffer dump_buf;
+    this->log_send_message_(msg.message_name(), msg.dump_to(dump_buf));
 #endif
     return this->send_message_(msg, message_type);
   }
@@ -217,6 +219,11 @@ class APIServerConnectionBase : public ProtoService {
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   virtual void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &value){};
 #endif
+
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+  virtual void on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &value){};
+#endif
+
  protected:
   void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) override;
 };
@@ -347,6 +354,9 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   virtual void zwave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+  virtual void infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &msg) = 0;
 #endif
  protected:
   void on_hello_request(const HelloRequest &msg) override;
@@ -473,6 +483,9 @@ class APIServerConnection : public APIServerConnectionBase {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   void on_z_wave_proxy_request(const ZWaveProxyRequest &msg) override;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+  void on_infrared_rf_transmit_raw_timings_request(const InfraredRFTransmitRawTimingsRequest &msg) override;
 #endif
   void read_message(uint32_t msg_size, uint32_t msg_type, const uint8_t *msg_data) override;
 };

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -347,6 +347,21 @@ void APIServer::on_zwave_proxy_request(const esphome::api::ProtoMessage &msg) {
 }
 #endif
 
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+void APIServer::send_infrared_rf_receive_event([[maybe_unused]] uint32_t device_id, uint32_t key,
+                                               const std::vector<int32_t> *timings) {
+  InfraredRFReceiveEvent resp{};
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+  resp.device_id = device_id;
+#endif
+  resp.key = key;
+  resp.timings = timings;
+
+  for (auto &c : this->clients_)
+    c->send_infrared_rf_receive_event(resp);
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_ALARM_CONTROL_PANEL
 API_DISPATCH_UPDATE(alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPanel, alarm_control_panel)
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -185,6 +185,9 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 #ifdef USE_ZWAVE_PROXY
   void on_zwave_proxy_request(const esphome::api::ProtoMessage &msg);
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_IR_RF
+  void send_infrared_rf_receive_event(uint32_t device_id, uint32_t key, const std::vector<int32_t> *timings);
+#endif
 
   bool is_connected(bool state_subscription_only = false) const;
 

esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h

@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
     for (auto &it : data) {
       auto &kv = resp.data.emplace_back();
       kv.key = StringRef(it.first);
-      kv.value = it.second;  // value is std::string (no_zero_copy), assign directly
+      kv.value = StringRef(it.second);  // data map lives until send completes
     }
     global_api_server->send_homeassistant_action(resp);
   }
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ class CustomAPIDevice {
     for (auto &it : data) {
       auto &kv = resp.data.emplace_back();
       kv.key = StringRef(it.first);
-      kv.value = it.second;  // value is std::string (no_zero_copy), assign directly
+      kv.value = StringRef(it.second);  // data map lives until send completes
     }
     global_api_server->send_homeassistant_action(resp);
   }

esphome/components/api/homeassistant_service.h

@@ -149,11 +149,21 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
     std::string service_value = this->service_.value(x...);
     resp.service = StringRef(service_value);
     resp.is_event = this->flags_.is_event;
-    this->populate_service_map(resp.data, this->data_, x...);
-    this->populate_service_map(resp.data_template, this->data_template_, x...);
-    this->populate_service_map(resp.variables, this->variables_, x...);
+
+    // Local storage for lambda-evaluated strings - lives until after send
+    FixedVector<std::string> data_storage;
+    FixedVector<std::string> data_template_storage;
+    FixedVector<std::string> variables_storage;
+
+    this->populate_service_map(resp.data, this->data_, data_storage, x...);
+    this->populate_service_map(resp.data_template, this->data_template_, data_template_storage, x...);
+    this->populate_service_map(resp.variables, this->variables_, variables_storage, x...);
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
+#ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+    // IMPORTANT: Declare at outer scope so it lives until send_homeassistant_action returns.
+    std::string response_template_value;
+#endif
     if (this->flags_.wants_status) {
       // Generate a unique call ID for this service call
       static uint32_t call_id_counter = 1;
@@ -164,8 +174,8 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
         resp.wants_response = true;
         // Set response template if provided
         if (this->flags_.has_response_template) {
-          std::string response_template_value = this->response_template_.value(x...);
-          resp.response_template = response_template_value;
+          response_template_value = this->response_template_.value(x...);
+          resp.response_template = StringRef(response_template_value);
         }
       }
 #endif
@@ -205,12 +215,31 @@ template<typename... Ts> class HomeAssistantServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts
   }
 
   template<typename VectorType, typename SourceType>
-  static void populate_service_map(VectorType &dest, SourceType &source, Ts... x) {
+  static void populate_service_map(VectorType &dest, SourceType &source, FixedVector<std::string> &value_storage,
+                                   Ts... x) {
     dest.init(source.size());
+
+    // Count non-static strings to allocate exact storage needed
+    size_t lambda_count = 0;
+    for (const auto &it : source) {
+      if (!it.value.is_static_string()) {
+        lambda_count++;
+      }
+    }
+    value_storage.init(lambda_count);
+
     for (auto &it : source) {
       auto &kv = dest.emplace_back();
       kv.key = StringRef(it.key);
-      kv.value = it.value.value(x...);
+
+      if (it.value.is_static_string()) {
+        // Static string from YAML - zero allocation
+        kv.value = StringRef(it.value.get_static_string());
+      } else {
+        // Lambda evaluation - store result, reference it
+        value_storage.push_back(it.value.value(x...));
+        kv.value = StringRef(value_storage.back());
+      }
     }
   }
 

esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp

@@ -76,6 +76,9 @@ LIST_ENTITIES_HANDLER(alarm_control_panel, alarm_control_panel::AlarmControlPane
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
 LIST_ENTITIES_HANDLER(water_heater, water_heater::WaterHeater, ListEntitiesWaterHeaterResponse)
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+LIST_ENTITIES_HANDLER(infrared, infrared::Infrared, ListEntitiesInfraredResponse)
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
 LIST_ENTITIES_HANDLER(event, event::Event, ListEntitiesEventResponse)
 #endif

esphome/components/api/list_entities.h

@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ class ListEntitiesIterator : public ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
   bool on_water_heater(water_heater::WaterHeater *entity) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+  bool on_infrared(infrared::Infrared *entity) override;
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   bool on_event(event::Event *entity) override;
 #endif

esphome/components/api/proto.cpp

@@ -139,12 +139,4 @@ void ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   }
 }
 
-#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-std::string ProtoMessage::dump() const {
-  std::string out;
-  this->dump_to(out);
-  return out;
-}
-#endif
-
 }  // namespace esphome::api

esphome/components/api/proto.h

@@ -362,6 +362,63 @@ class ProtoWriteBuffer {
   std::vector<uint8_t> *buffer_;
 };
 
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+/**
+ * Fixed-size buffer for message dumps - avoids heap allocation.
+ * Sized to match the logger's default tx_buffer_size (512 bytes)
+ * since anything larger gets truncated anyway.
+ */
+class DumpBuffer {
+ public:
+  // Matches default tx_buffer_size in logger component
+  static constexpr size_t CAPACITY = 512;
+
+  DumpBuffer() : pos_(0) { buf_[0] = '\0'; }
+
+  DumpBuffer &append(const char *str) {
+    if (str) {
+      append_impl_(str, strlen(str));
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  DumpBuffer &append(const char *str, size_t len) {
+    append_impl_(str, len);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  DumpBuffer &append(size_t n, char c) {
+    size_t space = CAPACITY - 1 - pos_;
+    if (n > space)
+      n = space;
+    if (n > 0) {
+      memset(buf_ + pos_, c, n);
+      pos_ += n;
+      buf_[pos_] = '\0';
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  const char *c_str() const { return buf_; }
+  size_t size() const { return pos_; }
+
+ private:
+  void append_impl_(const char *str, size_t len) {
+    size_t space = CAPACITY - 1 - pos_;
+    if (len > space)
+      len = space;
+    if (len > 0) {
+      memcpy(buf_ + pos_, str, len);
+      pos_ += len;
+      buf_[pos_] = '\0';
+    }
+  }
+
+  char buf_[CAPACITY];
+  size_t pos_;
+};
+#endif
+
 class ProtoMessage {
  public:
   virtual ~ProtoMessage() = default;
@@ -370,8 +427,7 @@ class ProtoMessage {
   // Default implementation for messages with no fields
   virtual void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {}
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
-  std::string dump() const;
-  virtual void dump_to(std::string &out) const = 0;
+  virtual const char *dump_to(DumpBuffer &out) const = 0;
   virtual const char *message_name() const { return "unknown"; }
 #endif
 };

esphome/components/api/subscribe_state.h

@@ -79,6 +79,9 @@ class InitialStateIterator : public ComponentIterator {
 #ifdef USE_WATER_HEATER
   bool on_water_heater(water_heater::WaterHeater *entity) override;
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_INFRARED
+  bool on_infrared(infrared::Infrared *infrared) override { return true; };
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_EVENT
   bool on_event(event::Event *event) override { return true; };
 #endif

esphome/components/aqi/abstract_aqi_calculator.h

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace esphome::aqi {
 
 class AbstractAQICalculator {
  public:
-  virtual uint16_t get_aqi(uint16_t pm2_5_value, uint16_t pm10_0_value) = 0;
+  virtual uint16_t get_aqi(float pm2_5_value, float pm10_0_value) = 0;
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::aqi

esphome/components/aqi/aqi_calculator.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <climits>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
 #include "abstract_aqi_calculator.h"
 
 // https://document.airnow.gov/technical-assistance-document-for-the-reporting-of-daily-air-quailty.pdf
@@ -9,11 +10,11 @@ namespace esphome::aqi {
 
 class AQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
  public:
-  uint16_t get_aqi(uint16_t pm2_5_value, uint16_t pm10_0_value) override {
-    int pm2_5_index = calculate_index(pm2_5_value, PM2_5_GRID);
-    int pm10_0_index = calculate_index(pm10_0_value, PM10_0_GRID);
+  uint16_t get_aqi(float pm2_5_value, float pm10_0_value) override {
+    float pm2_5_index = calculate_index(pm2_5_value, PM2_5_GRID);
+    float pm10_0_index = calculate_index(pm10_0_value, PM10_0_GRID);
 
-    return (pm2_5_index < pm10_0_index) ? pm10_0_index : pm2_5_index;
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::round((pm2_5_index < pm10_0_index) ? pm10_0_index : pm2_5_index));
   }
 
  protected:
@@ -21,25 +22,28 @@ class AQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
 
   static constexpr int INDEX_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 50}, {51, 100}, {101, 150}, {151, 200}, {201, 300}, {301, 500}};
 
-  static constexpr int PM2_5_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 9}, {10, 35}, {36, 55}, {56, 125}, {126, 225}, {226, INT_MAX}};
+  static constexpr float PM2_5_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0.0f, 9.0f},     {9.1f, 35.4f},
+                                                      {35.5f, 55.4f},   {55.5f, 125.4f},
+                                                      {125.5f, 225.4f}, {225.5f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}};
 
-  static constexpr int PM10_0_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 54},    {55, 154},  {155, 254},
-                                                     {255, 354}, {355, 424}, {425, INT_MAX}};
+  static constexpr float PM10_0_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0.0f, 54.0f},    {55.0f, 154.0f},
+                                                       {155.0f, 254.0f}, {255.0f, 354.0f},
+                                                       {355.0f, 424.0f}, {425.0f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}};
 
-  static int calculate_index(uint16_t value, const int array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
+  static float calculate_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     int grid_index = get_grid_index(value, array);
     if (grid_index == -1) {
-      return -1;
+      return -1.0f;
     }
-    int aqi_lo = INDEX_GRID[grid_index][0];
-    int aqi_hi = INDEX_GRID[grid_index][1];
-    int conc_lo = array[grid_index][0];
-    int conc_hi = array[grid_index][1];
+    float aqi_lo = INDEX_GRID[grid_index][0];
+    float aqi_hi = INDEX_GRID[grid_index][1];
+    float conc_lo = array[grid_index][0];
+    float conc_hi = array[grid_index][1];
 
     return (value - conc_lo) * (aqi_hi - aqi_lo) / (conc_hi - conc_lo) + aqi_lo;
   }
 
-  static int get_grid_index(uint16_t value, const int array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
+  static int get_grid_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEVELS; i++) {
       if (value >= array[i][0] && value <= array[i][1]) {
         return i;

esphome/components/aqi/aqi_sensor.cpp

@@ -44,8 +44,7 @@ void AQISensor::calculate_aqi_() {
     return;
   }
 
-  uint16_t aqi =
-      calculator->get_aqi(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->pm_2_5_value_), static_cast<uint16_t>(this->pm_10_0_value_));
+  uint16_t aqi = calculator->get_aqi(this->pm_2_5_value_, this->pm_10_0_value_);
   this->publish_state(aqi);
 }
 

esphome/components/aqi/caqi_calculator.h

@@ -1,16 +1,18 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <cmath>
+#include <limits>
 #include "abstract_aqi_calculator.h"
 
 namespace esphome::aqi {
 
 class CAQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
  public:
-  uint16_t get_aqi(uint16_t pm2_5_value, uint16_t pm10_0_value) override {
-    int pm2_5_index = calculate_index(pm2_5_value, PM2_5_GRID);
-    int pm10_0_index = calculate_index(pm10_0_value, PM10_0_GRID);
+  uint16_t get_aqi(float pm2_5_value, float pm10_0_value) override {
+    float pm2_5_index = calculate_index(pm2_5_value, PM2_5_GRID);
+    float pm10_0_index = calculate_index(pm10_0_value, PM10_0_GRID);
 
-    return (pm2_5_index < pm10_0_index) ? pm10_0_index : pm2_5_index;
+    return static_cast<uint16_t>(std::round((pm2_5_index < pm10_0_index) ? pm10_0_index : pm2_5_index));
   }
 
  protected:
@@ -18,25 +20,27 @@ class CAQICalculator : public AbstractAQICalculator {
 
   static constexpr int INDEX_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 25}, {26, 50}, {51, 75}, {76, 100}, {101, 400}};
 
-  static constexpr int PM2_5_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 15}, {16, 30}, {31, 55}, {56, 110}, {111, 400}};
+  static constexpr float PM2_5_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {
+      {0.0f, 15.0f}, {15.1f, 30.0f}, {30.1f, 55.0f}, {55.1f, 110.0f}, {110.1f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}};
 
-  static constexpr int PM10_0_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {{0, 25}, {26, 50}, {51, 90}, {91, 180}, {181, 400}};
+  static constexpr float PM10_0_GRID[NUM_LEVELS][2] = {
+      {0.0f, 25.0f}, {25.1f, 50.0f}, {50.1f, 90.0f}, {90.1f, 180.0f}, {180.1f, std::numeric_limits<float>::max()}};
 
-  static int calculate_index(uint16_t value, const int array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
+  static float calculate_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     int grid_index = get_grid_index(value, array);
     if (grid_index == -1) {
-      return -1;
+      return -1.0f;
     }
 
-    int aqi_lo = INDEX_GRID[grid_index][0];
-    int aqi_hi = INDEX_GRID[grid_index][1];
-    int conc_lo = array[grid_index][0];
-    int conc_hi = array[grid_index][1];
+    float aqi_lo = INDEX_GRID[grid_index][0];
+    float aqi_hi = INDEX_GRID[grid_index][1];
+    float conc_lo = array[grid_index][0];
+    float conc_hi = array[grid_index][1];
 
     return (value - conc_lo) * (aqi_hi - aqi_lo) / (conc_hi - conc_lo) + aqi_lo;
   }
 
-  static int get_grid_index(uint16_t value, const int array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
+  static int get_grid_index(float value, const float array[NUM_LEVELS][2]) {
     for (int i = 0; i < NUM_LEVELS; i++) {
       if (value >= array[i][0] && value <= array[i][1]) {
         return i;

esphome/components/bedjet/climate/bedjet_climate.cpp

@@ -164,21 +164,21 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
       return;
     }
   } else if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
-    const char *preset = call.get_custom_preset();
+    auto preset = call.get_custom_preset();
     bool result;
 
-    if (strcmp(preset, "M1") == 0) {
+    if (preset == "M1") {
       result = this->parent_->button_memory1();
-    } else if (strcmp(preset, "M2") == 0) {
+    } else if (preset == "M2") {
       result = this->parent_->button_memory2();
-    } else if (strcmp(preset, "M3") == 0) {
+    } else if (preset == "M3") {
       result = this->parent_->button_memory3();
-    } else if (strcmp(preset, "LTD HT") == 0) {
+    } else if (preset == "LTD HT") {
       result = this->parent_->button_heat();
-    } else if (strcmp(preset, "EXT HT") == 0) {
+    } else if (preset == "EXT HT") {
       result = this->parent_->button_ext_heat();
     } else {
-      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported preset: %s", preset);
+      ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Unsupported preset: %.*s", (int) preset.size(), preset.c_str());
       return;
     }
 
@@ -208,10 +208,11 @@ void BedJetClimate::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
       this->set_fan_mode_(fan_mode);
     }
   } else if (call.has_custom_fan_mode()) {
-    const char *fan_mode = call.get_custom_fan_mode();
-    auto fan_index = bedjet_fan_speed_to_step(fan_mode);
+    auto fan_mode = call.get_custom_fan_mode();
+    auto fan_index = bedjet_fan_speed_to_step(fan_mode.c_str());
     if (fan_index <= 19) {
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Converted fan mode %s to bedjet fan step %d", this->get_name().c_str(), fan_mode, fan_index);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "[%s] Converted fan mode %.*s to bedjet fan step %d", this->get_name().c_str(),
+               (int) fan_mode.size(), fan_mode.c_str(), fan_index);
       bool result = this->parent_->set_fan_index(fan_index);
       if (result) {
         this->set_custom_fan_mode_(fan_mode);

esphome/components/bme68x_bsec2/sensor.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ TYPES = [
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
-        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(cg.Component),
+        cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_BME68X_BSEC2_ID): cv.use_id(BME68xBSEC2Component),
         cv.Optional(CONF_TEMPERATURE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             unit_of_measurement=UNIT_CELSIUS,

esphome/components/ch422g/ch422g.cpp

@@ -93,7 +93,9 @@ bool CH422GComponent::read_inputs_() {
 bool CH422GComponent::write_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t value) {
   auto err = this->bus_->write_readv(reg, &value, 1, nullptr, 0);
   if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    this->status_set_warning(str_sprintf("write failed for register 0x%X, error %d", reg, err).c_str());
+    char buf[64];
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "write failed for register 0x%X, error %d", reg, err);
+    this->status_set_warning(buf);
     return false;
   }
   this->status_clear_warning();
@@ -104,7 +106,9 @@ uint8_t CH422GComponent::read_reg_(uint8_t reg) {
   uint8_t value;
   auto err = this->bus_->write_readv(reg, nullptr, 0, &value, 1);
   if (err != i2c::ERROR_OK) {
-    this->status_set_warning(str_sprintf("read failed for register 0x%X, error %d", reg, err).c_str());
+    char buf[64];
+    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "read failed for register 0x%X, error %d", reg, err);
+    this->status_set_warning(buf);
     return 0;
   }
   this->status_clear_warning();

esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp

@@ -682,19 +682,19 @@ bool Climate::set_fan_mode_(ClimateFanMode mode) {
   return set_primary_mode(this->fan_mode, this->custom_fan_mode_, mode);
 }
 
-bool Climate::set_custom_fan_mode_(const char *mode) {
+bool Climate::set_custom_fan_mode_(const char *mode, size_t len) {
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
-  return set_custom_mode<ClimateFanMode>(this->custom_fan_mode_, this->fan_mode, traits.find_custom_fan_mode_(mode),
-                                         this->has_custom_fan_mode());
+  return set_custom_mode<ClimateFanMode>(this->custom_fan_mode_, this->fan_mode,
+                                         traits.find_custom_fan_mode_(mode, len), this->has_custom_fan_mode());
 }
 
 void Climate::clear_custom_fan_mode_() { this->custom_fan_mode_ = nullptr; }
 
 bool Climate::set_preset_(ClimatePreset preset) { return set_primary_mode(this->preset, this->custom_preset_, preset); }
 
-bool Climate::set_custom_preset_(const char *preset) {
+bool Climate::set_custom_preset_(const char *preset, size_t len) {
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
-  return set_custom_mode<ClimatePreset>(this->custom_preset_, this->preset, traits.find_custom_preset_(preset),
+  return set_custom_mode<ClimatePreset>(this->custom_preset_, this->preset, traits.find_custom_preset_(preset, len),
                                         this->has_custom_preset());
 }
 

esphome/components/climate/climate.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include "climate_mode.h"
 #include "climate_traits.h"
 
@@ -110,8 +111,8 @@ class ClimateCall {
   const optional<ClimateFanMode> &get_fan_mode() const;
   const optional<ClimateSwingMode> &get_swing_mode() const;
   const optional<ClimatePreset> &get_preset() const;
-  const char *get_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_; }
-  const char *get_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_; }
+  StringRef get_custom_fan_mode() const { return StringRef::from_maybe_nullptr(this->custom_fan_mode_); }
+  StringRef get_custom_preset() const { return StringRef::from_maybe_nullptr(this->custom_preset_); }
   bool has_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_ != nullptr; }
   bool has_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_ != nullptr; }
 
@@ -266,11 +267,11 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   /// The active swing mode of the climate device.
   ClimateSwingMode swing_mode{CLIMATE_SWING_OFF};
 
-  /// Get the active custom fan mode (read-only access).
-  const char *get_custom_fan_mode() const { return this->custom_fan_mode_; }
+  /// Get the active custom fan mode (read-only access). Returns StringRef.
+  StringRef get_custom_fan_mode() const { return StringRef::from_maybe_nullptr(this->custom_fan_mode_); }
 
-  /// Get the active custom preset (read-only access).
-  const char *get_custom_preset() const { return this->custom_preset_; }
+  /// Get the active custom preset (read-only access). Returns StringRef.
+  StringRef get_custom_preset() const { return StringRef::from_maybe_nullptr(this->custom_preset_); }
 
  protected:
   friend ClimateCall;
@@ -280,7 +281,9 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   bool set_fan_mode_(ClimateFanMode mode);
 
   /// Set custom fan mode. Reset primary fan mode. Return true if fan mode has been changed.
-  bool set_custom_fan_mode_(const char *mode);
+  bool set_custom_fan_mode_(const char *mode) { return this->set_custom_fan_mode_(mode, strlen(mode)); }
+  bool set_custom_fan_mode_(const char *mode, size_t len);
+  bool set_custom_fan_mode_(StringRef mode) { return this->set_custom_fan_mode_(mode.c_str(), mode.size()); }
   /// Clear custom fan mode.
   void clear_custom_fan_mode_();
 
@@ -288,7 +291,9 @@ class Climate : public EntityBase {
   bool set_preset_(ClimatePreset preset);
 
   /// Set custom preset. Reset primary preset. Return true if preset has been changed.
-  bool set_custom_preset_(const char *preset);
+  bool set_custom_preset_(const char *preset) { return this->set_custom_preset_(preset, strlen(preset)); }
+  bool set_custom_preset_(const char *preset, size_t len);
+  bool set_custom_preset_(StringRef preset) { return this->set_custom_preset_(preset.c_str(), preset.size()); }
   /// Clear custom preset.
   void clear_custom_preset_();
 

esphome/components/copy/fan/copy_fan.cpp

@@ -8,20 +8,24 @@ static const char *const TAG = "copy.fan";
 
 void CopyFan::setup() {
   source_->add_on_state_callback([this]() {
-    this->state = source_->state;
-    this->oscillating = source_->oscillating;
-    this->speed = source_->speed;
-    this->direction = source_->direction;
-    this->set_preset_mode_(source_->get_preset_mode());
+    this->copy_state_from_source_();
     this->publish_state();
   });
 
+  this->copy_state_from_source_();
+  this->publish_state();
+}
+
+void CopyFan::copy_state_from_source_() {
   this->state = source_->state;
   this->oscillating = source_->oscillating;
   this->speed = source_->speed;
   this->direction = source_->direction;
-  this->set_preset_mode_(source_->get_preset_mode());
-  this->publish_state();
+  if (source_->has_preset_mode()) {
+    this->set_preset_mode_(source_->get_preset_mode());
+  } else {
+    this->clear_preset_mode_();
+  }
 }
 
 void CopyFan::dump_config() { LOG_FAN("", "Copy Fan", this); }

esphome/components/copy/fan/copy_fan.h

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ class CopyFan : public fan::Fan, public Component {
 
  protected:
   void control(const fan::FanCall &call) override;
-  ;
+  void copy_state_from_source_();
 
   fan::Fan *source_;
 };

esphome/components/debug/debug_zephyr.cpp

@@ -322,6 +322,8 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
     return "Unspecified";
   };
 
+  char mac_pretty[MAC_ADDRESS_PRETTY_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  get_mac_address_pretty_into_buffer(mac_pretty);
   ESP_LOGD(TAG,
            "Code page size: %u, code size: %u, device id: 0x%08x%08x\n"
            "Encryption root: 0x%08x%08x%08x%08x, Identity Root: 0x%08x%08x%08x%08x\n"
@@ -330,10 +332,10 @@ size_t DebugComponent::get_device_info_(std::span<char, DEVICE_INFO_BUFFER_SIZE>
            "RAM: %ukB, Flash: %ukB, production test: %sdone",
            NRF_FICR->CODEPAGESIZE, NRF_FICR->CODESIZE, NRF_FICR->DEVICEID[1], NRF_FICR->DEVICEID[0], NRF_FICR->ER[0],
            NRF_FICR->ER[1], NRF_FICR->ER[2], NRF_FICR->ER[3], NRF_FICR->IR[0], NRF_FICR->IR[1], NRF_FICR->IR[2],
-           NRF_FICR->IR[3], (NRF_FICR->DEVICEADDRTYPE & 0x1 ? "Random" : "Public"), get_mac_address_pretty().c_str(),
-           NRF_FICR->INFO.PART, NRF_FICR->INFO.VARIANT >> 24 & 0xFF, NRF_FICR->INFO.VARIANT >> 16 & 0xFF,
-           NRF_FICR->INFO.VARIANT >> 8 & 0xFF, NRF_FICR->INFO.VARIANT & 0xFF, package(NRF_FICR->INFO.PACKAGE),
-           NRF_FICR->INFO.RAM, NRF_FICR->INFO.FLASH, (NRF_FICR->PRODTEST[0] == 0xBB42319F ? "" : "not "));
+           NRF_FICR->IR[3], (NRF_FICR->DEVICEADDRTYPE & 0x1 ? "Random" : "Public"), mac_pretty, NRF_FICR->INFO.PART,
+           NRF_FICR->INFO.VARIANT >> 24 & 0xFF, NRF_FICR->INFO.VARIANT >> 16 & 0xFF, NRF_FICR->INFO.VARIANT >> 8 & 0xFF,
+           NRF_FICR->INFO.VARIANT & 0xFF, package(NRF_FICR->INFO.PACKAGE), NRF_FICR->INFO.RAM, NRF_FICR->INFO.FLASH,
+           (NRF_FICR->PRODTEST[0] == 0xBB42319F ? "" : "not "));
   bool n_reset_enabled = NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] == NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[1] &&
                          (NRF_UICR->PSELRESET[0] & UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Msk) == UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Connected
                                                                                       << UICR_PSELRESET_CONNECT_Pos;

esphome/components/deep_sleep/deep_sleep_esp32.cpp

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ namespace deep_sleep {
 // - ext0: Single pin wakeup using RTC GPIO (esp_sleep_enable_ext0_wakeup)
 // - ext1: Multiple pin wakeup (esp_sleep_enable_ext1_wakeup)
 // - Touch: Touch pad wakeup (esp_sleep_enable_touchpad_wakeup)
-// - GPIO wakeup: GPIO wakeup for non-RTC pins (esp_deep_sleep_enable_gpio_wakeup)
+// - GPIO wakeup: GPIO wakeup for RTC pins (esp_deep_sleep_enable_gpio_wakeup)
 
 static const char *const TAG = "deep_sleep";
 
@@ -127,22 +127,14 @@ void DeepSleepComponent::deep_sleep_() {
     defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61)
   if (this->wakeup_pin_ != nullptr) {
     const auto gpio_pin = gpio_num_t(this->wakeup_pin_->get_pin());
-    if (this->wakeup_pin_->get_flags() & gpio::FLAG_PULLUP) {
-      gpio_sleep_set_pull_mode(gpio_pin, GPIO_PULLUP_ONLY);
-    } else if (this->wakeup_pin_->get_flags() & gpio::FLAG_PULLDOWN) {
-      gpio_sleep_set_pull_mode(gpio_pin, GPIO_PULLDOWN_ONLY);
-    }
-    gpio_sleep_set_direction(gpio_pin, GPIO_MODE_INPUT);
-    gpio_hold_en(gpio_pin);
-#if !SOC_GPIO_SUPPORT_HOLD_SINGLE_IO_IN_DSLP
-    // Some ESP32 variants support holding a single GPIO during deep sleep without this function
-    // For those variants, gpio_hold_en() is sufficient to hold the pin state during deep sleep
-    gpio_deep_sleep_hold_en();
-#endif
+    // Make sure GPIO is in input mode, not all RTC GPIO pins are input by default
+    gpio_set_direction(gpio_pin, GPIO_MODE_INPUT);
     bool level = !this->wakeup_pin_->is_inverted();
     if (this->wakeup_pin_mode_ == WAKEUP_PIN_MODE_INVERT_WAKEUP && this->wakeup_pin_->digital_read()) {
       level = !level;
     }
+    // Internal pullup/pulldown resistors are enabled automatically, when
+    // ESP_SLEEP_GPIO_ENABLE_INTERNAL_RESISTORS is set (by default it is)
     esp_deep_sleep_enable_gpio_wakeup(1 << this->wakeup_pin_->get_pin(),
                                       static_cast<esp_deepsleep_gpio_wake_up_mode_t>(level));
   }

esphome/components/display_menu_base/menu_item.cpp

@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ std::string MenuItemSelect::get_value_text() const {
     result = this->value_getter_.value()(this);
   } else {
     if (this->select_var_ != nullptr) {
-      result = this->select_var_->current_option();
+      auto option = this->select_var_->current_option();
+      result.assign(option.c_str(), option.size());
     }
   }
 

esphome/components/e131/e131.cpp

@@ -82,8 +82,9 @@ void E131Component::add_effect(E131AddressableLightEffect *light_effect) {
     return;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Registering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name(), light_effect->get_first_universe(),
-           light_effect->get_last_universe());
+  auto effect_name = light_effect->get_name();
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Registering '%.*s' for universes %d-%d.", (int) effect_name.size(), effect_name.c_str(),
+           light_effect->get_first_universe(), light_effect->get_last_universe());
 
   light_effects_.push_back(light_effect);
 
@@ -98,8 +99,9 @@ void E131Component::remove_effect(E131AddressableLightEffect *light_effect) {
     return;
   }
 
-  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unregistering '%s' for universes %d-%d.", light_effect->get_name(), light_effect->get_first_universe(),
-           light_effect->get_last_universe());
+  auto effect_name = light_effect->get_name();
+  ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Unregistering '%.*s' for universes %d-%d.", (int) effect_name.size(), effect_name.c_str(),
+           light_effect->get_first_universe(), light_effect->get_last_universe());
 
   // Swap with last element and pop for O(1) removal (order doesn't matter)
   *it = light_effects_.back();

esphome/components/e131/e131_addressable_light_effect.cpp

@@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ bool E131AddressableLightEffect::process_(int universe, const E131Packet &packet
       std::min(it->size(), std::min(output_offset + get_lights_per_universe(), output_offset + packet.count - 1));
   auto *input_data = packet.values + 1;
 
-  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Applying data for '%s' on %d universe, for %" PRId32 "-%d.", get_name(), universe, output_offset,
-           output_end);
+  auto effect_name = get_name();
+  ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Applying data for '%.*s' on %d universe, for %" PRId32 "-%d.", (int) effect_name.size(),
+           effect_name.c_str(), universe, output_offset, output_end);
 
   switch (channels_) {
     case E131_MONO:

esphome/components/esp32_can/canbus.py

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ from esphome.components.esp32 import (
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ID,
+    CONF_MODE,
     CONF_RX_PIN,
     CONF_RX_QUEUE_LEN,
     CONF_TX_PIN,
@@ -33,6 +34,13 @@ CONF_TX_ENQUEUE_TIMEOUT = "tx_enqueue_timeout"
 esp32_can_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("esp32_can")
 esp32_can = esp32_can_ns.class_("ESP32Can", CanbusComponent)
 
+# Mode options - consistent with MCP2515 component
+CanMode = esp32_can_ns.enum("CanMode")
+CAN_MODES = {
+    "NORMAL": CanMode.CAN_MODE_NORMAL,
+    "LISTENONLY": CanMode.CAN_MODE_LISTEN_ONLY,
+}
+
 # Currently the driver only supports a subset of the bit rates defined in canbus
 # The supported bit rates differ between ESP32 variants.
 # See ESP-IDF Programming Guide --> API Reference --> Two-Wire Automotive Interface (TWAI)
@@ -95,6 +103,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = canbus.CANBUS_SCHEMA.extend(
         cv.Optional(CONF_BIT_RATE, default="125KBPS"): validate_bit_rate,
         cv.Required(CONF_RX_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_input_pin_number,
         cv.Required(CONF_TX_PIN): pins.internal_gpio_output_pin_number,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_MODE, default="NORMAL"): cv.enum(CAN_MODES, upper=True),
         cv.Optional(CONF_RX_QUEUE_LEN): cv.uint32_t,
         cv.Optional(CONF_TX_QUEUE_LEN): cv.uint32_t,
         cv.Optional(CONF_TX_ENQUEUE_TIMEOUT): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
@@ -117,6 +126,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add(var.set_rx(config[CONF_RX_PIN]))
     cg.add(var.set_tx(config[CONF_TX_PIN]))
+    cg.add(var.set_mode(config[CONF_MODE]))
     if (rx_queue_len := config.get(CONF_RX_QUEUE_LEN)) is not None:
         cg.add(var.set_rx_queue_len(rx_queue_len))
     if (tx_queue_len := config.get(CONF_TX_QUEUE_LEN)) is not None:

esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.cpp

@@ -75,8 +75,15 @@ bool ESP32Can::setup_internal() {
     return false;
   }
 
+  // Select TWAI mode based on configuration
+  twai_mode_t twai_mode = (this->mode_ == CAN_MODE_LISTEN_ONLY) ? TWAI_MODE_LISTEN_ONLY : TWAI_MODE_NORMAL;
+
+  if (this->mode_ == CAN_MODE_LISTEN_ONLY) {
+    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "CAN bus configured in LISTEN_ONLY mode (passive, no ACKs)");
+  }
+
   twai_general_config_t g_config =
-      TWAI_GENERAL_CONFIG_DEFAULT((gpio_num_t) this->tx_, (gpio_num_t) this->rx_, TWAI_MODE_NORMAL);
+      TWAI_GENERAL_CONFIG_DEFAULT((gpio_num_t) this->tx_, (gpio_num_t) this->rx_, twai_mode);
   g_config.controller_id = next_twai_ctrl_num++;
   if (this->tx_queue_len_.has_value()) {
     g_config.tx_queue_len = this->tx_queue_len_.value();
@@ -111,6 +118,12 @@ bool ESP32Can::setup_internal() {
 }
 
 canbus::Error ESP32Can::send_message(struct canbus::CanFrame *frame) {
+  // In listen-only mode, we cannot transmit
+  if (this->mode_ == CAN_MODE_LISTEN_ONLY) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send messages in LISTEN_ONLY mode");
+    return canbus::ERROR_FAIL;
+  }
+
   if (this->twai_handle_ == nullptr) {
     // not setup yet or setup failed
     return canbus::ERROR_FAIL;

esphome/components/esp32_can/esp32_can.h

@@ -10,10 +10,16 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace esp32_can {
 
+enum CanMode : uint8_t {
+  CAN_MODE_NORMAL = 0,
+  CAN_MODE_LISTEN_ONLY = 1,
+};
+
 class ESP32Can : public canbus::Canbus {
  public:
   void set_rx(int rx) { rx_ = rx; }
   void set_tx(int tx) { tx_ = tx; }
+  void set_mode(CanMode mode) { mode_ = mode; }
   void set_tx_queue_len(uint32_t tx_queue_len) { this->tx_queue_len_ = tx_queue_len; }
   void set_rx_queue_len(uint32_t rx_queue_len) { this->rx_queue_len_ = rx_queue_len; }
   void set_tx_enqueue_timeout_ms(uint32_t tx_enqueue_timeout_ms) {
@@ -28,6 +34,7 @@ class ESP32Can : public canbus::Canbus {
 
   int rx_{-1};
   int tx_{-1};
+  CanMode mode_{CAN_MODE_NORMAL};
   TickType_t tx_enqueue_timeout_ticks_{};
   optional<uint32_t> tx_queue_len_{};
   optional<uint32_t> rx_queue_len_{};

esphome/components/esp32_hosted/__init__.py

@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ async def to_code(config):
     framework_ver: cv.Version = CORE.data[KEY_CORE][KEY_FRAMEWORK_VERSION]
     os.environ["ESP_IDF_VERSION"] = f"{framework_ver.major}.{framework_ver.minor}"
     if framework_ver >= cv.Version(5, 5, 0):
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.2.2")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.3")
-        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.7.0")
+        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="1.2.4")
+        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="1.1.4")
+        esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_hosted", ref="2.9.3")
     else:
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/esp_wifi_remote", ref="0.13.0")
         esp32.add_idf_component(name="espressif/eppp_link", ref="0.2.0")

esphome/components/esphome/ota/ota_esphome.cpp

@@ -370,12 +370,14 @@ void ESPHomeOTAComponent::handle_data_() {
 
 error:
   this->write_byte_(static_cast<uint8_t>(error_code));
-  this->cleanup_connection_();
 
+  // Abort backend before cleanup - cleanup_connection_() destroys the backend
   if (this->backend_ != nullptr && update_started) {
     this->backend_->abort();
   }
 
+  this->cleanup_connection_();
+
   this->status_momentary_error("err", 5000);
 #ifdef USE_OTA_STATE_LISTENER
   this->notify_state_(ota::OTA_ERROR, 0.0f, static_cast<uint8_t>(error_code));

esphome/components/event/event.h

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace event {
@@ -44,8 +45,11 @@ class Event : public EntityBase, public EntityBase_DeviceClass {
   /// Return the event types supported by this event.
   const FixedVector<const char *> &get_event_types() const { return this->types_; }
 
-  /// Return the last triggered event type (pointer to string in types_), or nullptr if no event triggered yet.
-  const char *get_last_event_type() const { return this->last_event_type_; }
+  /// Return the last triggered event type, or empty StringRef if no event triggered yet.
+  StringRef get_last_event_type() const { return StringRef::from_maybe_nullptr(this->last_event_type_); }
+
+  /// Check if an event has been triggered.
+  bool has_event() const { return this->last_event_type_ != nullptr; }
 
   void add_on_event_callback(std::function<void(const std::string &event_type)> &&callback);
 

esphome/components/fan/automation.h

@@ -212,19 +212,18 @@ class FanPresetSetTrigger : public Trigger<std::string> {
  public:
   FanPresetSetTrigger(Fan *state) {
     state->add_on_state_callback([this, state]() {
-      const auto *preset_mode = state->get_preset_mode();
+      auto preset_mode = state->get_preset_mode();
       auto should_trigger = preset_mode != this->last_preset_mode_;
       this->last_preset_mode_ = preset_mode;
       if (should_trigger) {
-        // Trigger with empty string when nullptr to maintain backward compatibility
-        this->trigger(preset_mode != nullptr ? preset_mode : "");
+        this->trigger(std::string(preset_mode));
       }
     });
     this->last_preset_mode_ = state->get_preset_mode();
   }
 
  protected:
-  const char *last_preset_mode_{nullptr};
+  StringRef last_preset_mode_{};
 };
 
 }  // namespace fan

esphome/components/fan/fan.cpp

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ void FanCall::perform() {
   if (this->direction_.has_value()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Direction: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(fan_direction_to_string(*this->direction_)));
   }
-  if (this->has_preset_mode()) {
+  if (this->preset_mode_ != nullptr) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Preset Mode: %s", this->preset_mode_);
   }
   this->parent_.control(*this);
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ void FanCall::validate_() {
       *this->binary_state_
       // ..,and no preset mode will be active...
       && !this->has_preset_mode() &&
-      this->parent_.get_preset_mode() == nullptr
+      !this->parent_.has_preset_mode()
       // ...and neither current nor new speed is available...
       && traits.supports_speed() && this->parent_.speed == 0 && !this->speed_.has_value()) {
     // ...set speed to 100%
@@ -154,16 +154,16 @@ const char *Fan::find_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode, size_t len) {
   return this->get_traits().find_preset_mode(preset_mode, len);
 }
 
-bool Fan::set_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode) {
-  if (preset_mode == nullptr) {
-    // Treat nullptr as clearing the preset mode
+bool Fan::set_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode, size_t len) {
+  if (preset_mode == nullptr || len == 0) {
+    // Treat nullptr or empty string as clearing the preset mode (no valid preset is "")
     if (this->preset_mode_ == nullptr) {
       return false;  // No change
     }
     this->clear_preset_mode_();
     return true;
   }
-  const char *validated = this->find_preset_mode_(preset_mode);
+  const char *validated = this->find_preset_mode_(preset_mode, len);
   if (validated == nullptr || this->preset_mode_ == validated) {
     return false;  // Preset mode not supported or no change
   }
@@ -171,10 +171,31 @@ bool Fan::set_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode) {
   return true;
 }
 
-bool Fan::set_preset_mode_(const std::string &preset_mode) { return this->set_preset_mode_(preset_mode.c_str()); }
+bool Fan::set_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode) {
+  return this->set_preset_mode_(preset_mode, preset_mode ? strlen(preset_mode) : 0);
+}
+
+bool Fan::set_preset_mode_(const std::string &preset_mode) {
+  return this->set_preset_mode_(preset_mode.data(), preset_mode.size());
+}
+
+bool Fan::set_preset_mode_(StringRef preset_mode) {
+  // Safe: find_preset_mode_ only uses the input for comparison and returns
+  // a pointer from traits, so the input StringRef's lifetime doesn't matter.
+  return this->set_preset_mode_(preset_mode.c_str(), preset_mode.size());
+}
 
 void Fan::clear_preset_mode_() { this->preset_mode_ = nullptr; }
 
+void Fan::apply_preset_mode_(const FanCall &call) {
+  if (call.has_preset_mode()) {
+    this->set_preset_mode_(call.get_preset_mode());
+  } else if (call.get_speed().has_value()) {
+    // Manually setting speed clears preset (per Home Assistant convention)
+    this->clear_preset_mode_();
+  }
+}
+
 void Fan::add_on_state_callback(std::function<void()> &&callback) { this->state_callback_.add(std::move(callback)); }
 void Fan::publish_state() {
   auto traits = this->get_traits();
@@ -192,9 +213,8 @@ void Fan::publish_state() {
   if (traits.supports_direction()) {
     ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Direction: %s", LOG_STR_ARG(fan_direction_to_string(this->direction)));
   }
-  const char *preset = this->get_preset_mode();
-  if (preset != nullptr) {
-    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Preset Mode: %s", preset);
+  if (this->preset_mode_ != nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Preset Mode: %s", this->preset_mode_);
   }
   this->state_callback_.call();
 #if defined(USE_FAN) && defined(USE_CONTROLLER_REGISTRY)
@@ -249,12 +269,11 @@ void Fan::save_state_() {
   state.speed = this->speed;
   state.direction = this->direction;
 
-  const char *preset = this->get_preset_mode();
-  if (preset != nullptr) {
+  if (this->has_preset_mode()) {
     const auto &preset_modes = traits.supported_preset_modes();
     // Find index of current preset mode (pointer comparison is safe since preset is from traits)
     for (size_t i = 0; i < preset_modes.size(); i++) {
-      if (preset_modes[i] == preset) {
+      if (preset_modes[i] == this->preset_mode_) {
         state.preset_mode = i;
         break;
       }

esphome/components/fan/fan.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/optional.h"
 #include "esphome/core/preferences.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 #include "fan_traits.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
@@ -128,8 +129,11 @@ class Fan : public EntityBase {
   /// Set the restore mode of this fan.
   void set_restore_mode(FanRestoreMode restore_mode) { this->restore_mode_ = restore_mode; }
 
-  /// Get the current preset mode (returns pointer to string stored in traits, or nullptr if not set)
-  const char *get_preset_mode() const { return this->preset_mode_; }
+  /// Get the current preset mode.
+  /// Returns a StringRef of the string stored in traits, or empty ref if not set.
+  /// The returned ref points to string literals from codegen (static storage).
+  /// Traits are set once at startup and valid for the lifetime of the program.
+  StringRef get_preset_mode() const { return StringRef::from_maybe_nullptr(this->preset_mode_); }
 
   /// Check if a preset mode is currently active
   bool has_preset_mode() const { return this->preset_mode_ != nullptr; }
@@ -146,11 +150,15 @@ class Fan : public EntityBase {
   void dump_traits_(const char *tag, const char *prefix);
 
   /// Set the preset mode (finds and stores pointer from traits). Returns true if changed.
+  /// Passing nullptr or empty string clears the preset mode.
+  bool set_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode, size_t len);
   bool set_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode);
-  /// Set the preset mode (finds and stores pointer from traits). Returns true if changed.
   bool set_preset_mode_(const std::string &preset_mode);
+  bool set_preset_mode_(StringRef preset_mode);
   /// Clear the preset mode
   void clear_preset_mode_();
+  /// Apply preset mode from a FanCall (handles speed-clears-preset convention)
+  void apply_preset_mode_(const FanCall &call);
   /// Find and return the matching preset mode pointer from traits, or nullptr if not found.
   const char *find_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode);
   const char *find_preset_mode_(const char *preset_mode, size_t len);

esphome/components/graph/graph.cpp

@@ -232,17 +232,19 @@ void GraphLegend::init(Graph *g) {
     ESP_LOGI(TAGL, "  %s %d %d", txtstr.c_str(), fw, fh);
 
     if (this->values_ != VALUE_POSITION_TYPE_NONE) {
-      std::string valstr =
-          value_accuracy_to_string(trace->sensor_->get_state(), trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals());
+      char valstr[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
       if (this->units_) {
-        valstr += trace->sensor_->get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
+        value_accuracy_with_uom_to_buf(valstr, trace->sensor_->get_state(), trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals(),
+                                       trace->sensor_->get_unit_of_measurement_ref());
+      } else {
+        value_accuracy_to_buf(valstr, trace->sensor_->get_state(), trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals());
       }
-      this->font_value_->measure(valstr.c_str(), &fw, &fos, &fbl, &fh);
+      this->font_value_->measure(valstr, &fw, &fos, &fbl, &fh);
       if (fw > valw)
         valw = fw;
       if (fh > valh)
         valh = fh;
-      ESP_LOGI(TAGL, "    %s %d %d", valstr.c_str(), fw, fh);
+      ESP_LOGI(TAGL, "    %s %d %d", valstr, fw, fh);
     }
   }
   // Add extra margin
@@ -368,13 +370,15 @@ void Graph::draw_legend(display::Display *buff, uint16_t x_offset, uint16_t y_of
     if (legend_->values_ != VALUE_POSITION_TYPE_NONE) {
       int xv = x + legend_->xv_;
       int yv = y + legend_->yv_;
-      std::string valstr =
-          value_accuracy_to_string(trace->sensor_->get_state(), trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals());
+      char valstr[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
       if (legend_->units_) {
-        valstr += trace->sensor_->get_unit_of_measurement_ref();
+        value_accuracy_with_uom_to_buf(valstr, trace->sensor_->get_state(), trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals(),
+                                       trace->sensor_->get_unit_of_measurement_ref());
+      } else {
+        value_accuracy_to_buf(valstr, trace->sensor_->get_state(), trace->sensor_->get_accuracy_decimals());
       }
-      buff->printf(xv, yv, legend_->font_value_, trace->get_line_color(), TextAlign::TOP_CENTER, "%s", valstr.c_str());
-      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    value: %s", valstr.c_str());
+      buff->printf(xv, yv, legend_->font_value_, trace->get_line_color(), TextAlign::TOP_CENTER, "%s", valstr);
+      ESP_LOGV(TAG, "    value: %s", valstr);
     }
     x += legend_->xs_;
     y += legend_->ys_;

esphome/components/hbridge/fan/hbridge_fan.cpp

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ void HBridgeFan::control(const fan::FanCall &call) {
     this->oscillating = *call.get_oscillating();
   if (call.get_direction().has_value())
     this->direction = *call.get_direction();
-  this->set_preset_mode_(call.get_preset_mode());
+  this->apply_preset_mode_(call);
 
   this->write_state_();
   this->publish_state();

esphome/components/homeassistant/number/homeassistant_number.cpp

@@ -91,11 +91,14 @@ void HomeassistantNumber::control(float value) {
   resp.data.init(2);
   auto &entity_id = resp.data.emplace_back();
   entity_id.key = ENTITY_ID_KEY;
-  entity_id.value = this->entity_id_;
+  entity_id.value = StringRef(this->entity_id_);
 
   auto &entity_value = resp.data.emplace_back();
   entity_value.key = VALUE_KEY;
-  entity_value.value = to_string(value);
+  // Stack buffer - no heap allocation; %g produces shortest representation
+  char value_buf[16];
+  snprintf(value_buf, sizeof(value_buf), "%g", value);
+  entity_value.value = StringRef(value_buf);
 
   api::global_api_server->send_homeassistant_action(resp);
 }

esphome/components/homeassistant/switch/homeassistant_switch.cpp

@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ void HomeassistantSwitch::write_state(bool state) {
   resp.data.init(1);
   auto &entity_id_kv = resp.data.emplace_back();
   entity_id_kv.key = ENTITY_ID_KEY;
-  entity_id_kv.value = this->entity_id_;
+  entity_id_kv.value = StringRef(this->entity_id_);
 
   api::global_api_server->send_homeassistant_action(resp);
 }

esphome/components/i2s_audio/speaker/i2s_audio_speaker.cpp

@@ -340,8 +340,8 @@ void I2SAudioSpeaker::speaker_task(void *params) {
       const uint32_t read_delay =
           (this_speaker->current_stream_info_.frames_to_microseconds(frames_written) / 1000) / 2;
 
-      uint8_t *new_data = transfer_buffer->get_buffer_end();  // track start of any newly copied bytes
       size_t bytes_read = transfer_buffer->transfer_data_from_source(pdMS_TO_TICKS(read_delay));
+      uint8_t *new_data = transfer_buffer->get_buffer_end() - bytes_read;
 
       if (bytes_read > 0) {
         if (this_speaker->q15_volume_factor_ < INT16_MAX) {

esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp

@@ -193,8 +193,12 @@ std::vector<uint8_t> ImprovSerialComponent::build_rpc_settings_response_(improv:
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
   for (auto &ip : wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_sta_ip_addresses()) {
     if (ip.is_ip4()) {
-      std::string webserver_url = "http://" + ip.str() + ":" + to_string(USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
-      urls.push_back(webserver_url);
+      char ip_buf[network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+      ip.str_to(ip_buf);
+      // "http://" (7) + IP (40) + ":" (1) + port (5) + null (1) = 54
+      char webserver_url[7 + network::IP_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE + 1 + 5 + 1];
+      snprintf(webserver_url, sizeof(webserver_url), "http://%s:%u", ip_buf, USE_WEBSERVER_PORT);
+      urls.emplace_back(webserver_url);
       break;
     }
   }
@@ -267,8 +271,10 @@ bool ImprovSerialComponent::parse_improv_payload_(improv::ImprovCommand &command
         if (std::find(networks.begin(), networks.end(), ssid) != networks.end())
           continue;
         // Send each ssid separately to avoid overflowing the buffer
-        std::vector<uint8_t> data = improv::build_rpc_response(
-            improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS, {ssid, str_sprintf("%d", scan.get_rssi()), YESNO(scan.get_with_auth())}, false);
+        char rssi_buf[5];  // int8_t: -128 to 127, max 4 chars + null
+        *int8_to_str(rssi_buf, scan.get_rssi()) = '\0';
+        std::vector<uint8_t> data =
+            improv::build_rpc_response(improv::GET_WIFI_NETWORKS, {ssid, rssi_buf, YESNO(scan.get_with_auth())}, false);
         this->send_response_(data);
         networks.push_back(ssid);
       }

esphome/components/infrared/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""
+Infrared component for ESPHome.
+
+WARNING: This component is EXPERIMENTAL. The API (both Python configuration
+and C++ interfaces) may change at any time without following the normal
+breaking changes policy. Use at your own risk.
+
+Once the API is considered stable, this warning will be removed.
+"""
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_ID
+from esphome.core import CORE, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core.entity_helpers import setup_entity
+from esphome.coroutine import CoroPriority
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
+AUTO_LOAD = ["remote_base"]
+
+IS_PLATFORM_COMPONENT = True
+
+infrared_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("infrared")
+Infrared = infrared_ns.class_("Infrared", cg.EntityBase, cg.Component)
+InfraredCall = infrared_ns.class_("InfraredCall")
+InfraredTraits = infrared_ns.class_("InfraredTraits")
+
+CONF_INFRARED_ID = "infrared_id"
+CONF_SUPPORTS_TRANSMITTER = "supports_transmitter"
+CONF_SUPPORTS_RECEIVER = "supports_receiver"
+
+
+def infrared_schema(class_: type[cg.MockObjClass]) -> cv.Schema:
+    """Create a schema for an infrared platform.
+
+    :param class_: The infrared class to use for this schema.
+    :return: An extended schema for infrared configuration.
+    """
+    entity_schema = cv.ENTITY_BASE_SCHEMA.extend(cv.COMPONENT_SCHEMA)
+    return entity_schema.extend(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.declare_id(class_),
+        }
+    )
+
+
+async def setup_infrared_core_(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Set up core infrared configuration."""
+    await setup_entity(var, config, "infrared")
+
+
+async def register_infrared(var: cg.Pvariable, config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    """Register an infrared device with the core."""
+    cg.add_define("USE_IR_RF")
+    await cg.register_component(var, config)
+    await setup_infrared_core_(var, config)
+    cg.add(cg.App.register_infrared(var))
+    CORE.register_platform_component("infrared", var)
+
+
+async def new_infrared(config: ConfigType, *args) -> cg.Pvariable:
+    """Create a new Infrared instance.
+
+    :param config: Configuration dictionary.
+    :param args: Additional arguments to pass to new_Pvariable.
+    :return: The created Infrared instance.
+    """
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID], *args)
+    await register_infrared(var, config)
+    return var
+
+
+@coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.CORE)
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
+    cg.add_global(infrared_ns.using)

esphome/components/infrared/infrared.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#include "infrared.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+#ifdef USE_API
+#include "esphome/components/api/api_server.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace esphome::infrared {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "infrared";
+
+// ========== InfraredCall ==========
+
+InfraredCall &InfraredCall::set_carrier_frequency(uint32_t frequency) {
+  this->carrier_frequency_ = frequency;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+InfraredCall &InfraredCall::set_raw_timings(const std::vector<int32_t> &timings) {
+  this->raw_timings_ = &timings;
+  this->packed_data_ = nullptr;  // Clear packed if vector is set
+  return *this;
+}
+
+InfraredCall &InfraredCall::set_raw_timings_packed(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t length, uint16_t count) {
+  this->packed_data_ = data;
+  this->packed_length_ = length;
+  this->packed_count_ = count;
+  this->raw_timings_ = nullptr;  // Clear vector if packed is set
+  return *this;
+}
+
+InfraredCall &InfraredCall::set_repeat_count(uint32_t count) {
+  this->repeat_count_ = count;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+void InfraredCall::perform() {
+  if (this->parent_ != nullptr) {
+    this->parent_->control(*this);
+  }
+}
+
+// ========== Infrared ==========
+
+void Infrared::setup() {
+  // Set up traits based on configuration
+  this->traits_.set_supports_transmitter(this->has_transmitter());
+  this->traits_.set_supports_receiver(this->has_receiver());
+
+  // Register as listener for received IR data
+  if (this->receiver_ != nullptr) {
+    this->receiver_->register_listener(this);
+  }
+}
+
+void Infrared::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "Infrared '%s'\n"
+                "  Supports Transmitter: %s\n"
+                "  Supports Receiver: %s",
+                this->get_name().c_str(), YESNO(this->traits_.get_supports_transmitter()),
+                YESNO(this->traits_.get_supports_receiver()));
+}
+
+InfraredCall Infrared::make_call() { return InfraredCall(this); }
+
+void Infrared::control(const InfraredCall &call) {
+  if (this->transmitter_ == nullptr) {
+    ESP_LOGW(TAG, "No transmitter configured");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (!call.has_raw_timings()) {
+    ESP_LOGE(TAG, "No raw timings provided");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Create transmit data object
+  auto transmit_call = this->transmitter_->transmit();
+  auto *transmit_data = transmit_call.get_data();
+
+  // Set carrier frequency
+  if (call.get_carrier_frequency().has_value()) {
+    transmit_data->set_carrier_frequency(call.get_carrier_frequency().value());
+  }
+
+  // Set timings based on format
+  if (call.is_packed()) {
+    // Zero-copy from packed protobuf data
+    transmit_data->set_data_from_packed_sint32(call.get_packed_data(), call.get_packed_length(),
+                                               call.get_packed_count());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Transmitting packed raw timings: count=%u, repeat=%u", call.get_packed_count(),
+             call.get_repeat_count());
+  } else {
+    // From vector (lambdas/automations)
+    transmit_data->set_data(call.get_raw_timings());
+    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Transmitting raw timings: count=%zu, repeat=%u", call.get_raw_timings().size(),
+             call.get_repeat_count());
+  }
+
+  // Set repeat count
+  if (call.get_repeat_count() > 0) {
+    transmit_call.set_send_times(call.get_repeat_count());
+  }
+
+  // Perform transmission
+  transmit_call.perform();
+}
+
+uint32_t Infrared::get_capability_flags() const {
+  uint32_t flags = 0;
+
+  // Add transmit/receive capability based on traits
+  if (this->traits_.get_supports_transmitter())
+    flags |= InfraredCapability::CAPABILITY_TRANSMITTER;
+  if (this->traits_.get_supports_receiver())
+    flags |= InfraredCapability::CAPABILITY_RECEIVER;
+
+  return flags;
+}
+
+bool Infrared::on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) {
+  // Forward received IR data to API server
+#if defined(USE_API) && defined(USE_IR_RF)
+  if (api::global_api_server != nullptr) {
+#ifdef USE_DEVICES
+    uint32_t device_id = this->get_device_id();
+#else
+    uint32_t device_id = 0;
+#endif
+    api::global_api_server->send_infrared_rf_receive_event(device_id, this->get_object_id_hash(), &data.get_raw_data());
+  }
+#endif
+  return false;  // Don't consume the event, allow other listeners to process it
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::infrared

esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// WARNING: This component is EXPERIMENTAL. The API may change at any time
+// without following the normal breaking changes policy. Use at your own risk.
+// Once the API is considered stable, this warning will be removed.
+
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
+#include "esphome/components/remote_base/remote_base.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace esphome::infrared {
+
+/// Capability flags for individual infrared instances
+enum InfraredCapability : uint32_t {
+  CAPABILITY_TRANSMITTER = 1 << 0,  // Can transmit signals
+  CAPABILITY_RECEIVER = 1 << 1,     // Can receive signals
+};
+
+/// Forward declarations
+class Infrared;
+
+/// InfraredCall - Builder pattern for transmitting infrared signals
+class InfraredCall {
+ public:
+  explicit InfraredCall(Infrared *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  /// Set the carrier frequency in Hz
+  InfraredCall &set_carrier_frequency(uint32_t frequency);
+  /// Set the raw timings (positive = mark, negative = space)
+  /// Note: The timings vector must outlive the InfraredCall (zero-copy reference)
+  InfraredCall &set_raw_timings(const std::vector<int32_t> &timings);
+  /// Set the raw timings from packed protobuf sint32 data (zero-copy from wire)
+  /// Note: The data must outlive the InfraredCall
+  InfraredCall &set_raw_timings_packed(const uint8_t *data, uint16_t length, uint16_t count);
+  /// Set the number of times to repeat transmission (1 = transmit once, 2 = transmit twice, etc.)
+  InfraredCall &set_repeat_count(uint32_t count);
+
+  /// Perform the transmission
+  void perform();
+
+  /// Get the carrier frequency
+  const optional<uint32_t> &get_carrier_frequency() const { return this->carrier_frequency_; }
+  /// Get the raw timings (only valid if set via set_raw_timings, not packed)
+  const std::vector<int32_t> &get_raw_timings() const { return *this->raw_timings_; }
+  /// Check if raw timings have been set (either vector or packed)
+  bool has_raw_timings() const { return this->raw_timings_ != nullptr || this->packed_data_ != nullptr; }
+  /// Check if using packed data format
+  bool is_packed() const { return this->packed_data_ != nullptr; }
+  /// Get packed data (only valid if set via set_raw_timings_packed)
+  const uint8_t *get_packed_data() const { return this->packed_data_; }
+  uint16_t get_packed_length() const { return this->packed_length_; }
+  uint16_t get_packed_count() const { return this->packed_count_; }
+  /// Get the repeat count
+  uint32_t get_repeat_count() const { return this->repeat_count_; }
+
+ protected:
+  uint32_t repeat_count_{1};
+  Infrared *parent_;
+  optional<uint32_t> carrier_frequency_;
+  // Vector-based timings (for lambdas/automations)
+  const std::vector<int32_t> *raw_timings_{nullptr};
+  // Packed protobuf timings (for API zero-copy)
+  const uint8_t *packed_data_{nullptr};
+  uint16_t packed_length_{0};
+  uint16_t packed_count_{0};
+};
+
+/// InfraredTraits - Describes the capabilities of an infrared implementation
+class InfraredTraits {
+ public:
+  bool get_supports_transmitter() const { return this->supports_transmitter_; }
+  void set_supports_transmitter(bool supports) { this->supports_transmitter_ = supports; }
+
+  bool get_supports_receiver() const { return this->supports_receiver_; }
+  void set_supports_receiver(bool supports) { this->supports_receiver_ = supports; }
+
+ protected:
+  bool supports_transmitter_{false};
+  bool supports_receiver_{false};
+};
+
+/// Infrared - Base class for infrared remote control implementations
+class Infrared : public Component, public EntityBase, public remote_base::RemoteReceiverListener {
+ public:
+  Infrared() = default;
+
+  void setup() override;
+  void dump_config() override;
+  float get_setup_priority() const override { return setup_priority::AFTER_CONNECTION; }
+
+  /// Set the remote receiver component
+  void set_receiver(remote_base::RemoteReceiverBase *receiver) { this->receiver_ = receiver; }
+  /// Set the remote transmitter component
+  void set_transmitter(remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase *transmitter) { this->transmitter_ = transmitter; }
+
+  /// Check if this infrared has a transmitter configured
+  bool has_transmitter() const { return this->transmitter_ != nullptr; }
+  /// Check if this infrared has a receiver configured
+  bool has_receiver() const { return this->receiver_ != nullptr; }
+
+  /// Get the traits for this infrared implementation
+  InfraredTraits &get_traits() { return this->traits_; }
+  const InfraredTraits &get_traits() const { return this->traits_; }
+
+  /// Create a call object for transmitting
+  InfraredCall make_call();
+
+  /// Get capability flags for this infrared instance
+  uint32_t get_capability_flags() const;
+
+  /// Called when IR data is received (from RemoteReceiverListener)
+  bool on_receive(remote_base::RemoteReceiveData data) override;
+
+ protected:
+  friend class InfraredCall;
+
+  /// Perform the actual transmission (called by InfraredCall)
+  virtual void control(const InfraredCall &call);
+
+  // Underlying hardware components
+  remote_base::RemoteReceiverBase *receiver_{nullptr};
+  remote_base::RemoteTransmitterBase *transmitter_{nullptr};
+
+  // Traits describing capabilities
+  InfraredTraits traits_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::infrared

esphome/components/ir_rf_proxy/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+"""IR/RF Proxy component - provides remote_base backend for infrared platform."""
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
+
+# Namespace and constants exported for infrared.py platform
+ir_rf_proxy_ns = cg.esphome_ns.namespace("ir_rf_proxy")
+
+CONF_REMOTE_RECEIVER_ID = "remote_receiver_id"
+CONF_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_ID = "remote_transmitter_id"

esphome/components/ir_rf_proxy/infrared.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+"""Infrared platform implementation using remote_base (remote_transmitter/receiver)."""
+
+from typing import Any
+
+import esphome.codegen as cg
+from esphome.components import infrared, remote_receiver, remote_transmitter
+import esphome.config_validation as cv
+from esphome.const import CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT, CONF_FREQUENCY
+import esphome.final_validate as fv
+
+from . import CONF_REMOTE_RECEIVER_ID, CONF_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_ID, ir_rf_proxy_ns
+
+CODEOWNERS = ["@kbx81"]
+DEPENDENCIES = ["infrared"]
+
+IrRfProxy = ir_rf_proxy_ns.class_("IrRfProxy", infrared.Infrared)
+
+CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    infrared.infrared_schema(IrRfProxy).extend(
+        {
+            cv.Optional(CONF_FREQUENCY, default=0): cv.frequency,
+            cv.Optional(CONF_REMOTE_RECEIVER_ID): cv.use_id(
+                remote_receiver.RemoteReceiverComponent
+            ),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_ID): cv.use_id(
+                remote_transmitter.RemoteTransmitterComponent
+            ),
+        }
+    ),
+    cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_REMOTE_RECEIVER_ID, CONF_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_ID),
+)
+
+
+def _final_validate(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """Validate that transmitters have a proper carrier duty cycle."""
+    # Only validate if this is an infrared (not RF) configuration with a transmitter
+    if config.get(CONF_FREQUENCY, 0) != 0 or CONF_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_ID not in config:
+        return
+
+    # Get the transmitter configuration
+    transmitter_id = config[CONF_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_ID]
+    full_config = fv.full_config.get()
+    transmitter_path = full_config.get_path_for_id(transmitter_id)[:-1]
+    transmitter_config = full_config.get_config_for_path(transmitter_path)
+
+    # Check if carrier_duty_percent set to 0 or 100
+    # Note: remote_transmitter schema requires this field and validates 1-100%,
+    # but we double-check here for infrared to provide a helpful error message
+    duty_percent = transmitter_config.get(CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT)
+    if duty_percent in {0, 100}:
+        raise cv.Invalid(
+            f"Transmitter '{transmitter_id}' must have '{CONF_CARRIER_DUTY_PERCENT}' configured with "
+            "an intermediate value (typically 30-50%) for infrared transmission. If this is an RF "
+            f"transmitter, configure this infrared with a '{CONF_FREQUENCY}' value greater than 0"
+        )
+
+
+FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = _final_validate
+
+
+async def to_code(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    """Code generation for remote_base infrared platform."""
+    # Create and register the infrared entity
+    var = await infrared.new_infrared(config)
+
+    # Set frequency / 1000; zero indicates infrared hardware
+    cg.add(var.set_frequency(config[CONF_FREQUENCY] / 1000))
+
+    # Link transmitter if specified
+    if CONF_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_ID in config:
+        transmitter = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_REMOTE_TRANSMITTER_ID])
+        cg.add(var.set_transmitter(transmitter))
+
+    # Link receiver if specified
+    if CONF_REMOTE_RECEIVER_ID in config:
+        receiver = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_REMOTE_RECEIVER_ID])
+        cg.add(var.set_receiver(receiver))

esphome/components/ir_rf_proxy/ir_rf_proxy.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "ir_rf_proxy.h"
+#include "esphome/core/log.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ir_rf_proxy {
+
+static const char *const TAG = "ir_rf_proxy";
+
+void IrRfProxy::dump_config() {
+  ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG,
+                "IR/RF Proxy '%s'\n"
+                "  Supports Transmitter: %s\n"
+                "  Supports Receiver: %s",
+                this->get_name().c_str(), YESNO(this->traits_.get_supports_transmitter()),
+                YESNO(this->traits_.get_supports_receiver()));
+
+  if (this->is_rf()) {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Hardware Type: RF (%.3f MHz)", this->frequency_khz_ / 1e3f);
+  } else {
+    ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "  Hardware Type: Infrared");
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ir_rf_proxy

esphome/components/ir_rf_proxy/ir_rf_proxy.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// WARNING: This component is EXPERIMENTAL. The API may change at any time
+// without following the normal breaking changes policy. Use at your own risk.
+// Once the API is considered stable, this warning will be removed.
+
+#include "esphome/components/infrared/infrared.h"
+#include "esphome/components/remote_transmitter/remote_transmitter.h"
+#include "esphome/components/remote_receiver/remote_receiver.h"
+
+namespace esphome::ir_rf_proxy {
+
+/// IrRfProxy - Infrared platform implementation using remote_transmitter/receiver as backend
+class IrRfProxy : public infrared::Infrared {
+ public:
+  IrRfProxy() = default;
+
+  void dump_config() override;
+
+  /// Set RF frequency in kHz (0 = infrared, non-zero = RF)
+  void set_frequency(uint32_t frequency_khz) { this->frequency_khz_ = frequency_khz; }
+  /// Get RF frequency in kHz
+  uint32_t get_frequency() const { return this->frequency_khz_; }
+  /// Check if this is RF mode (non-zero frequency)
+  bool is_rf() const { return this->frequency_khz_ > 0; }
+
+ protected:
+  // RF frequency in kHz (Hz / 1000); 0 = infrared, non-zero = RF
+  uint32_t frequency_khz_{0};
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::ir_rf_proxy

esphome/components/lc709203f/lc709203f.cpp

@@ -183,11 +183,14 @@ uint8_t Lc709203f::get_register_(uint8_t register_to_read, uint16_t *register_va
     return_code = this->read_register(register_to_read, &read_buffer[3], 3);
     if (return_code != i2c::NO_ERROR) {
       // Error on the i2c bus
-      this->status_set_warning(
-          str_sprintf("Error code %d when reading from register 0x%02X", return_code, register_to_read).c_str());
+      char buf[64];
+      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Error code %d when reading from register 0x%02X", return_code, register_to_read);
+      this->status_set_warning(buf);
     } else if (crc8(read_buffer, 5, 0x00, 0x07, true) != read_buffer[5]) {
       // I2C indicated OK, but the CRC of the data does not matcth.
-      this->status_set_warning(str_sprintf("CRC error reading from register 0x%02X", register_to_read).c_str());
+      char buf[64];
+      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "CRC error reading from register 0x%02X", register_to_read);
+      this->status_set_warning(buf);
     } else {
       *register_value = ((uint16_t) read_buffer[4] << 8) | (uint16_t) read_buffer[3];
       return i2c::NO_ERROR;
@@ -225,8 +228,9 @@ uint8_t Lc709203f::set_register_(uint8_t register_to_set, uint16_t value_to_set)
     if (return_code == i2c::NO_ERROR) {
       return return_code;
     } else {
-      this->status_set_warning(
-          str_sprintf("Error code %d when writing to register 0x%02X", return_code, register_to_set).c_str());
+      char buf[64];
+      snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Error code %d when writing to register 0x%02X", return_code, register_to_set);
+      this->status_set_warning(buf);
     }
   }
 

esphome/components/ld2410/binary_sensor.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_HAS_MOVING_TARGET,
     CONF_HAS_STILL_TARGET,
     CONF_HAS_TARGET,
+    CONF_ID,
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_PRESENCE,
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["ld2410"]
 CONF_OUT_PIN_PRESENCE_STATUS = "out_pin_presence_status"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_HAS_TARGET): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,

esphome/components/ld2410/button/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_FACTORY_RESET,
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_RESTART,
     DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ RestartButton = ld2410_ns.class_("RestartButton", button.Button)
 CONF_QUERY_PARAMS = "query_params"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_FACTORY_RESET): button.button_schema(
         FactoryResetButton,

esphome/components/ld2410/ld2410.cpp

@@ -442,7 +442,8 @@ bool LD2410Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Baud rate change");
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s and reinstall", this->baud_rate_select_->current_option());
+        auto baud = this->baud_rate_select_->current_option();
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Change baud rate to %.*s and reinstall", (int) baud.size(), baud.c_str());
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -766,10 +767,10 @@ void LD2410Component::set_light_out_control() {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   if (this->light_function_select_ != nullptr && this->light_function_select_->has_state()) {
-    this->light_function_ = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_select_->current_option());
+    this->light_function_ = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_select_->current_option().c_str());
   }
   if (this->out_pin_level_select_ != nullptr && this->out_pin_level_select_->has_state()) {
-    this->out_pin_level_ = find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option());
+    this->out_pin_level_ = find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option().c_str());
   }
 #endif
   this->set_config_mode_(true);

esphome/components/ld2410/number/__init__.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ TIMEOUT_GROUP = "timeout"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
         cv.Inclusive(CONF_TIMEOUT, TIMEOUT_GROUP): number.number_schema(
             MaxDistanceTimeoutNumber,

esphome/components/ld2410/select/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
+    CONF_ID,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_LIGHTBULB,
     ICON_RULER,
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ CONF_OUT_PIN_LEVEL = "out_pin_level"
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_DISTANCE_RESOLUTION): select.select_schema(
         DistanceResolutionSelect,

esphome/components/ld2410/sensor.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_LIGHT,
     CONF_MOVING_DISTANCE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ CONF_STILL_ENERGY = "still_energy"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
         cv.Optional(CONF_MOVING_DISTANCE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,

esphome/components/ld2410/switch/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BLUETOOTH,
+    CONF_ID,
     DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ EngineeringModeSwitch = ld2410_ns.class_("EngineeringModeSwitch", switch.Switch)
 CONF_ENGINEERING_MODE = "engineering_mode"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_ENGINEERING_MODE): switch.switch_schema(
         EngineeringModeSwitch,

esphome/components/ld2410/text_sensor.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAC_ADDRESS,
     CONF_VERSION,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ from . import CONF_LD2410_ID, LD2410Component
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ld2410"]
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2410_ID): cv.use_id(LD2410Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC, icon=ICON_CHIP

esphome/components/ld2412/binary_sensor.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_HAS_MOVING_TARGET,
     CONF_HAS_STILL_TARGET,
     CONF_HAS_TARGET,
+    CONF_ID,
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
     DEVICE_CLASS_RUNNING,
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ DEPENDENCIES = ["ld2412"]
 CONF_DYNAMIC_BACKGROUND_CORRECTION_STATUS = "dynamic_background_correction_status"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
     cv.Optional(
         CONF_DYNAMIC_BACKGROUND_CORRECTION_STATUS

esphome/components/ld2412/button/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_FACTORY_RESET,
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_RESTART,
     DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ CONF_QUERY_PARAMS = "query_params"
 CONF_START_DYNAMIC_BACKGROUND_CORRECTION = "start_dynamic_background_correction"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_FACTORY_RESET): button.button_schema(
         FactoryResetButton,

esphome/components/ld2412/ld2412.cpp

@@ -486,7 +486,8 @@ bool LD2412Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Baud rate change");
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s and reinstall", this->baud_rate_select_->current_option());
+        auto baud = this->baud_rate_select_->current_option();
+        ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Change baud rate to %.*s and reinstall", (int) baud.size(), baud.c_str());
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -790,7 +791,7 @@ void LD2412Component::set_basic_config() {
       1,    TOTAL_GATES, DEFAULT_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT, 0,
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
-      find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option()),
+      find_uint8(OUT_PIN_LEVELS_BY_STR, this->out_pin_level_select_->current_option().c_str()),
 #else
       0x01,  // Default value if not using select
 #endif
@@ -844,7 +845,7 @@ void LD2412Component::set_light_out_control() {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
   if (this->light_function_select_ != nullptr && this->light_function_select_->has_state()) {
-    this->light_function_ = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_select_->current_option());
+    this->light_function_ = find_uint8(LIGHT_FUNCTIONS_BY_STR, this->light_function_select_->current_option().c_str());
   }
 #endif
   uint8_t value[2] = {this->light_function_, this->light_threshold_};

esphome/components/ld2412/number/__init__.py

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ TIMEOUT_GROUP = "timeout"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
         cv.Optional(CONF_LIGHT_THRESHOLD): number.number_schema(
             LightThresholdNumber,

esphome/components/ld2412/select/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BAUD_RATE,
+    CONF_ID,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_LIGHTBULB,
     ICON_RULER,
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ CONF_OUT_PIN_LEVEL = "out_pin_level"
 
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_BAUD_RATE): select.select_schema(
         BaudRateSelect,

esphome/components/ld2412/sensor.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_LIGHT,
     CONF_MOVING_DISTANCE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ CONF_STILL_ENERGY = "still_energy"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
         cv.Optional(CONF_DETECTION_DISTANCE): sensor.sensor_schema(
             device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,

esphome/components/ld2412/switch/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BLUETOOTH,
+    CONF_ID,
     DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ EngineeringModeSwitch = LD2412_ns.class_("EngineeringModeSwitch", switch.Switch)
 CONF_ENGINEERING_MODE = "engineering_mode"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_BLUETOOTH): switch.switch_schema(
         BluetoothSwitch,

esphome/components/ld2412/text_sensor.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAC_ADDRESS,
     CONF_VERSION,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ from . import CONF_LD2412_ID, LD2412Component
 DEPENDENCIES = ["ld2412"]
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2412_ID): cv.use_id(LD2412Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
         entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC, icon=ICON_CHIP

esphome/components/ld2450/binary_sensor.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_HAS_MOVING_TARGET,
     CONF_HAS_STILL_TARGET,
     CONF_HAS_TARGET,
+    CONF_ID,
     DEVICE_CLASS_MOTION,
     DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,
 )
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ ICON_SHIELD_ACCOUNT = "mdi:shield-account"
 ICON_TARGET_ACCOUNT = "mdi:target-account"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_HAS_TARGET): binary_sensor.binary_sensor_schema(
         device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_OCCUPANCY,

esphome/components/ld2450/button/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import button
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_FACTORY_RESET,
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_RESTART,
     DEVICE_CLASS_RESTART,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ FactoryResetButton = ld2450_ns.class_("FactoryResetButton", button.Button)
 RestartButton = ld2450_ns.class_("RestartButton", button.Button)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_FACTORY_RESET): button.button_schema(
         FactoryResetButton,

esphome/components/ld2450/ld2450.cpp

@@ -637,7 +637,8 @@ bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Baud rate change");
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->baud_rate_select_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Change baud rate to %s and reinstall", this->baud_rate_select_->current_option());
+        auto baud = this->baud_rate_select_->current_option();
+        ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Change baud rate to %.*s and reinstall", (int) baud.size(), baud.c_str());
       }
 #endif
       break;
@@ -718,7 +719,8 @@ bool LD2450Component::handle_ack_data_() {
       this->publish_zone_type();
 #ifdef USE_SELECT
       if (this->zone_type_select_ != nullptr) {
-        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Change zone type to: %s", this->zone_type_select_->current_option());
+        auto zone = this->zone_type_select_->current_option();
+        ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Change zone type to: %.*s", (int) zone.size(), zone.c_str());
       }
 #endif
       if (this->buffer_data_[10] == 0x00) {

esphome/components/ld2450/number/__init__.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ ZoneCoordinateNumber = ld2450_ns.class_("ZoneCoordinateNumber", number.Number)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
         cv.Required(CONF_PRESENCE_TIMEOUT): number.number_schema(
             PresenceTimeoutNumber,

esphome/components/ld2450/select/__init__.py

@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 from esphome.components import select
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
-from esphome.const import CONF_BAUD_RATE, ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG, ICON_THERMOMETER
+from esphome.const import (
+    CONF_BAUD_RATE,
+    CONF_ID,
+    ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
+    ICON_THERMOMETER,
+)
 
 from .. import CONF_LD2450_ID, LD2450Component, ld2450_ns
 
@@ -11,6 +16,7 @@ BaudRateSelect = ld2450_ns.class_("BaudRateSelect", select.Select)
 ZoneTypeSelect = ld2450_ns.class_("ZoneTypeSelect", select.Select)
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_BAUD_RATE): select.select_schema(
         BaudRateSelect,

esphome/components/ld2450/sensor.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ANGLE,
     CONF_DISTANCE,
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_RESOLUTION,
     CONF_SPEED,
     CONF_X,
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ UNIT_MILLIMETER_PER_SECOND = "mm/s"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
         cv.Optional(CONF_TARGET_COUNT): sensor.sensor_schema(
             accuracy_decimals=0,

esphome/components/ld2450/switch/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import switch
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_BLUETOOTH,
+    CONF_ID,
     DEVICE_CLASS_SWITCH,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_CONFIG,
     ICON_BLUETOOTH,
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@ MultiTargetSwitch = ld2450_ns.class_("MultiTargetSwitch", switch.Switch)
 CONF_MULTI_TARGET = "multi_target"
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = {
+    cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
     cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
     cv.Optional(CONF_BLUETOOTH): switch.switch_schema(
         BluetoothSwitch,

esphome/components/ld2450/text_sensor.py

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ from esphome.components import text_sensor
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import (
     CONF_DIRECTION,
+    CONF_ID,
     CONF_MAC_ADDRESS,
     CONF_VERSION,
     ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ MAX_TARGETS = 3
 
 CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
+        cv.GenerateID(CONF_ID): cv.declare_id(cg.EntityBase),
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_LD2450_ID): cv.use_id(LD2450Component),
         cv.Optional(CONF_VERSION): text_sensor.text_sensor_schema(
             entity_category=ENTITY_CATEGORY_DIAGNOSTIC,

esphome/components/libretiny/__init__.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from .const import (
     CONF_SDK_SILENT,
     CONF_UART_PORT,
     FAMILIES,
+    FAMILY_BK7231N,
     FAMILY_COMPONENT,
     FAMILY_FRIENDLY,
     KEY_BOARD,
@@ -50,6 +51,22 @@ CODEOWNERS = ["@kuba2k2"]
 AUTO_LOAD = ["preferences"]
 IS_TARGET_PLATFORM = True
 
+# BK7231N SDK options to disable unused features.
+# Disabling BLE saves ~21KB RAM and ~200KB Flash because BLE init code is
+# called unconditionally by the SDK. ESPHome doesn't use BLE on LibreTiny.
+#
+# This only works on BK7231N (BLE 5.x). Other BK72XX chips using BLE 4.2
+# (BK7231T, BK7231Q, BK7251; BK7252 boards use the BK7251 family) have a bug
+# where the BLE library still links and references undefined symbols when
+# CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=0.
+#
+# Other options like CFG_TX_EVM_TEST, CFG_RX_SENSITIVITY_TEST, CFG_SUPPORT_BKREG,
+# CFG_SUPPORT_OTA_HTTP, and CFG_USE_SPI_SLAVE were evaluated but provide no  # NOLINT
+# measurable benefit - the linker already strips unreferenced code via -gc-sections.
+_BK7231N_SYS_CONFIG_OPTIONS = [
+    "CFG_SUPPORT_BLE=0",
+]
+
 
 def _detect_variant(value):
     if KEY_LIBRETINY not in CORE.data:
@@ -346,4 +363,10 @@ async def component_to_code(config):
         cg.add_platformio_option("custom_fw_name", "esphome")
         cg.add_platformio_option("custom_fw_version", __version__)
 
+    # Apply chip-specific SDK options to save RAM/Flash
+    if config[CONF_FAMILY] == FAMILY_BK7231N:
+        cg.add_platformio_option(
+            "custom_options.sys_config#h", _BK7231N_SYS_CONFIG_OPTIONS
+        )
+
     await cg.register_component(var, config)

esphome/components/light/light_call.cpp

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include <cinttypes>
+
 #include "light_call.h"
 #include "light_state.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
@@ -153,15 +154,15 @@ void LightCall::perform() {
 
   } else if (this->has_effect_()) {
     // EFFECT
-    const char *effect_s;
+    StringRef effect_s;
     if (this->effect_ == 0u) {
-      effect_s = "None";
+      effect_s = StringRef::from_lit("None");
     } else {
       effect_s = this->parent_->effects_[this->effect_ - 1]->get_name();
     }
 
     if (publish) {
-      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Effect: '%s'", effect_s);
+      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "  Effect: '%.*s'", (int) effect_s.size(), effect_s.c_str());
     }
 
     this->parent_->start_effect_(this->effect_);
@@ -511,11 +512,9 @@ LightCall &LightCall::set_effect(const char *effect, size_t len) {
   }
 
   bool found = false;
+  StringRef effect_ref(effect, len);
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < this->parent_->effects_.size(); i++) {
-    LightEffect *e = this->parent_->effects_[i];
-    const char *name = e->get_name();
-
-    if (strncasecmp(effect, name, len) == 0 && name[len] == '\0') {
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(effect_ref, this->parent_->effects_[i]->get_name())) {
       this->set_effect(i + 1);
       found = true;
       break;

esphome/components/light/light_color_values.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "light_color_values.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+
+namespace esphome::light {
+
+LightColorValues LightColorValues::lerp(const LightColorValues &start, const LightColorValues &end, float completion) {
+  // Directly interpolate the raw values to avoid getter/setter overhead.
+  // This is safe because:
+  // - All LightColorValues have their values clamped when set via the setters
+  // - std::lerp guarantees output is in the same range as inputs
+  // - Therefore the output doesn't need clamping, so we can skip the setters
+  LightColorValues v;
+  v.color_mode_ = end.color_mode_;
+  v.state_ = std::lerp(start.state_, end.state_, completion);
+  v.brightness_ = std::lerp(start.brightness_, end.brightness_, completion);
+  v.color_brightness_ = std::lerp(start.color_brightness_, end.color_brightness_, completion);
+  v.red_ = std::lerp(start.red_, end.red_, completion);
+  v.green_ = std::lerp(start.green_, end.green_, completion);
+  v.blue_ = std::lerp(start.blue_, end.blue_, completion);
+  v.white_ = std::lerp(start.white_, end.white_, completion);
+  v.color_temperature_ = std::lerp(start.color_temperature_, end.color_temperature_, completion);
+  v.cold_white_ = std::lerp(start.cold_white_, end.cold_white_, completion);
+  v.warm_white_ = std::lerp(start.warm_white_, end.warm_white_, completion);
+  return v;
+}
+
+}  // namespace esphome::light

esphome/components/light/light_color_values.h

@@ -82,26 +82,7 @@ class LightColorValues {
    * @param completion The completion value. 0 -> start, 1 -> end.
    * @return The linearly interpolated LightColorValues.
    */
-  static LightColorValues lerp(const LightColorValues &start, const LightColorValues &end, float completion) {
-    // Directly interpolate the raw values to avoid getter/setter overhead.
-    // This is safe because:
-    // - All LightColorValues have their values clamped when set via the setters
-    // - std::lerp guarantees output is in the same range as inputs
-    // - Therefore the output doesn't need clamping, so we can skip the setters
-    LightColorValues v;
-    v.color_mode_ = end.color_mode_;
-    v.state_ = std::lerp(start.state_, end.state_, completion);
-    v.brightness_ = std::lerp(start.brightness_, end.brightness_, completion);
-    v.color_brightness_ = std::lerp(start.color_brightness_, end.color_brightness_, completion);
-    v.red_ = std::lerp(start.red_, end.red_, completion);
-    v.green_ = std::lerp(start.green_, end.green_, completion);
-    v.blue_ = std::lerp(start.blue_, end.blue_, completion);
-    v.white_ = std::lerp(start.white_, end.white_, completion);
-    v.color_temperature_ = std::lerp(start.color_temperature_, end.color_temperature_, completion);
-    v.cold_white_ = std::lerp(start.cold_white_, end.cold_white_, completion);
-    v.warm_white_ = std::lerp(start.warm_white_, end.warm_white_, completion);
-    return v;
-  }
+  static LightColorValues lerp(const LightColorValues &start, const LightColorValues &end, float completion);
 
   /** Normalize the color (RGB/W) component.
    *

esphome/components/light/light_effect.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
 
 namespace esphome::light {
 
@@ -23,9 +24,9 @@ class LightEffect {
 
   /**
    * Returns the name of this effect.
-   * The returned pointer is valid for the lifetime of the program and must not be freed.
+   * The underlying data is valid for the lifetime of the program (static string from codegen).
    */
-  const char *get_name() const { return this->name_; }
+  StringRef get_name() const { return StringRef(this->name_); }
 
   /// Internal method called by the LightState when this light effect is registered in it.
   virtual void init() {}

esphome/components/light/light_json_schema.cpp

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ static const char *get_color_mode_json_str(ColorMode mode) {
 void LightJSONSchema::dump_json(LightState &state, JsonObject root) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(clang-analyzer-cplusplus.NewDeleteLeaks) false positive with ArduinoJson
   if (state.supports_effects()) {
-    root[ESPHOME_F("effect")] = state.get_effect_name_ref();
+    root[ESPHOME_F("effect")] = state.get_effect_name().c_str();
     root[ESPHOME_F("effect_index")] = state.get_current_effect_index();
     root[ESPHOME_F("effect_count")] = state.get_effect_count();
   }

esphome/components/light/light_state.cpp

@@ -162,20 +162,12 @@ void LightState::publish_state() {
 
 LightOutput *LightState::get_output() const { return this->output_; }
 
-static constexpr const char *EFFECT_NONE = "None";
 static constexpr auto EFFECT_NONE_REF = StringRef::from_lit("None");
 
-std::string LightState::get_effect_name() {
+StringRef LightState::get_effect_name() {
   if (this->active_effect_index_ > 0) {
     return this->effects_[this->active_effect_index_ - 1]->get_name();
   }
-  return EFFECT_NONE;
-}
-
-StringRef LightState::get_effect_name_ref() {
-  if (this->active_effect_index_ > 0) {
-    return StringRef(this->effects_[this->active_effect_index_ - 1]->get_name());
-  }
   return EFFECT_NONE_REF;
 }
 

esphome/components/light/light_state.h

@@ -140,9 +140,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
   LightOutput *get_output() const;
 
   /// Return the name of the current effect, or if no effect is active "None".
-  std::string get_effect_name();
-  /// Return the name of the current effect as StringRef (for API usage)
-  StringRef get_effect_name_ref();
+  StringRef get_effect_name();
 
   /** Add a listener for remote values changes.
    * Listener is notified when the light's remote values change (state, brightness, color, etc.)
@@ -191,11 +189,11 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
 
   /// Get effect index by name. Returns 0 if effect not found.
   uint32_t get_effect_index(const std::string &effect_name) const {
-    if (strcasecmp(effect_name.c_str(), "none") == 0) {
+    if (str_equals_case_insensitive(effect_name, "none")) {
       return 0;
     }
     for (size_t i = 0; i < this->effects_.size(); i++) {
-      if (strcasecmp(effect_name.c_str(), this->effects_[i]->get_name()) == 0) {
+      if (str_equals_case_insensitive(effect_name, this->effects_[i]->get_name())) {
         return i + 1;  // Effects are 1-indexed in active_effect_index_
       }
     }
@@ -218,7 +216,7 @@ class LightState : public EntityBase, public Component {
     if (index > this->effects_.size()) {
       return "";  // Invalid index
     }
-    return this->effects_[index - 1]->get_name();
+    return std::string(this->effects_[index - 1]->get_name());
   }
 
   /// The result of all the current_values_as_* methods have gamma correction applied.

esphome/components/ltr_als_ps/sensor.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_REPEAT,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_TYPE,
-    DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
     DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
     ICON_BRIGHTNESS_5,
     ICON_BRIGHTNESS_6,
@@ -169,7 +168,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
                     icon=ICON_BRIGHTNESS_5,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,
@@ -179,7 +177,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
                     icon=ICON_BRIGHTNESS_7,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,
@@ -189,7 +186,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                     unit_of_measurement=UNIT_COUNTS,
                     icon=ICON_PROXIMITY,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_DISTANCE,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,
@@ -198,7 +194,6 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 sensor.sensor_schema(
                     icon=ICON_GAIN,
                     accuracy_decimals=0,
-                    device_class=DEVICE_CLASS_ILLUMINANCE,
                     state_class=STATE_CLASS_MEASUREMENT,
                 ),
                 key=CONF_NAME,

esphome/components/midea/air_conditioner.cpp

@@ -65,12 +65,14 @@ void AirConditioner::control(const ClimateCall &call) {
   if (call.get_preset().has_value()) {
     ctrl.preset = Converters::to_midea_preset(call.get_preset().value());
   } else if (call.has_custom_preset()) {
-    ctrl.preset = Converters::to_midea_preset(call.get_custom_preset());
+    // get_custom_preset() returns StringRef pointing to null-terminated string literals from codegen
+    ctrl.preset = Converters::to_midea_preset(call.get_custom_preset().c_str());
   }
   if (call.get_fan_mode().has_value()) {
     ctrl.fanMode = Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(call.get_fan_mode().value());
   } else if (call.has_custom_fan_mode()) {
-    ctrl.fanMode = Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(call.get_custom_fan_mode());
+    // get_custom_fan_mode() returns StringRef pointing to null-terminated string literals from codegen
+    ctrl.fanMode = Converters::to_midea_fan_mode(call.get_custom_fan_mode().c_str());
   }
   this->base_.control(ctrl);
 }

esphome/components/mqtt/__init__.py

@@ -572,9 +572,13 @@ async def register_mqtt_component(var, config):
     if not config.get(CONF_DISCOVERY, True):
         cg.add(var.disable_discovery())
     if CONF_STATE_TOPIC in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_custom_state_topic(config[CONF_STATE_TOPIC]))
+        state_topic = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_STATE_TOPIC], [], cg.std_string)
+        cg.add(var.set_custom_state_topic(state_topic))
     if CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_custom_command_topic(config[CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC]))
+        command_topic = await cg.templatable(
+            config[CONF_COMMAND_TOPIC], [], cg.std_string
+        )
+        cg.add(var.set_custom_command_topic(command_topic))
     if CONF_COMMAND_RETAIN in config:
         cg.add(var.set_command_retain(config[CONF_COMMAND_RETAIN]))
     if CONF_AVAILABILITY in config:

esphome/components/mqtt/custom_mqtt_device.cpp

@@ -12,13 +12,14 @@ bool CustomMQTTDevice::publish(const std::string &topic, const std::string &payl
   return global_mqtt_client->publish(topic, payload, qos, retain);
 }
 bool CustomMQTTDevice::publish(const std::string &topic, float value, int8_t number_decimals) {
-  auto str = value_accuracy_to_string(value, number_decimals);
-  return this->publish(topic, str);
+  char buf[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  size_t len = value_accuracy_to_buf(buf, value, number_decimals);
+  return global_mqtt_client->publish(topic, buf, len);
 }
 bool CustomMQTTDevice::publish(const std::string &topic, int value) {
   char buffer[24];
-  sprintf(buffer, "%d", value);
-  return this->publish(topic, buffer);
+  int len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%d", value);
+  return global_mqtt_client->publish(topic, buffer, len);
 }
 bool CustomMQTTDevice::publish_json(const std::string &topic, const json::json_build_t &f, uint8_t qos, bool retain) {
   return global_mqtt_client->publish_json(topic, f, qos, retain);

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_client.cpp

@@ -28,8 +28,9 @@ static const char *const TAG = "mqtt";
 
 MQTTClientComponent::MQTTClientComponent() {
   global_mqtt_client = this;
-  const std::string mac_addr = get_mac_address();
-  this->credentials_.client_id = make_name_with_suffix(App.get_name(), '-', mac_addr.c_str(), mac_addr.size());
+  char mac_addr[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_addr);
+  this->credentials_.client_id = make_name_with_suffix(App.get_name(), '-', mac_addr, MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE - 1);
 }
 
 // Connection
@@ -102,7 +103,9 @@ void MQTTClientComponent::send_device_info_() {
         root[ESPHOME_F("port")] = api::global_api_server->get_port();
 #endif
         root[ESPHOME_F("version")] = ESPHOME_VERSION;
-        root[ESPHOME_F("mac")] = get_mac_address();
+        char mac_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_buf);
+        root[ESPHOME_F("mac")] = mac_buf;
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP8266
         root[ESPHOME_F("platform")] = ESPHOME_F("ESP8266");

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_climate.cpp

@@ -291,36 +291,38 @@ bool MQTTClimateComponent::publish_state_() {
     success = false;
   int8_t target_accuracy = traits.get_target_temperature_accuracy_decimals();
   int8_t current_accuracy = traits.get_current_temperature_accuracy_decimals();
+  char payload[VALUE_ACCURACY_MAX_LEN];
+  size_t len;
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE) &&
       !std::isnan(this->device_->current_temperature)) {
-    std::string payload = value_accuracy_to_string(this->device_->current_temperature, current_accuracy);
-    if (!this->publish(this->get_current_temperature_state_topic(), payload))
+    len = value_accuracy_to_buf(payload, this->device_->current_temperature, current_accuracy);
+    if (!this->publish(this->get_current_temperature_state_topic(), payload, len))
       success = false;
   }
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE |
                                climate::CLIMATE_REQUIRES_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE)) {
-    std::string payload = value_accuracy_to_string(this->device_->target_temperature_low, target_accuracy);
-    if (!this->publish(this->get_target_temperature_low_state_topic(), payload))
+    len = value_accuracy_to_buf(payload, this->device_->target_temperature_low, target_accuracy);
+    if (!this->publish(this->get_target_temperature_low_state_topic(), payload, len))
       success = false;
-    payload = value_accuracy_to_string(this->device_->target_temperature_high, target_accuracy);
-    if (!this->publish(this->get_target_temperature_high_state_topic(), payload))
+    len = value_accuracy_to_buf(payload, this->device_->target_temperature_high, target_accuracy);
+    if (!this->publish(this->get_target_temperature_high_state_topic(), payload, len))
       success = false;
   } else {
-    std::string payload = value_accuracy_to_string(this->device_->target_temperature, target_accuracy);
-    if (!this->publish(this->get_target_temperature_state_topic(), payload))
+    len = value_accuracy_to_buf(payload, this->device_->target_temperature, target_accuracy);
+    if (!this->publish(this->get_target_temperature_state_topic(), payload, len))
       success = false;
   }
 
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY) &&
       !std::isnan(this->device_->current_humidity)) {
-    std::string payload = value_accuracy_to_string(this->device_->current_humidity, 0);
-    if (!this->publish(this->get_current_humidity_state_topic(), payload))
+    len = value_accuracy_to_buf(payload, this->device_->current_humidity, 0);
+    if (!this->publish(this->get_current_humidity_state_topic(), payload, len))
       success = false;
   }
   if (traits.has_feature_flags(climate::CLIMATE_SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY) &&
       !std::isnan(this->device_->target_humidity)) {
-    std::string payload = value_accuracy_to_string(this->device_->target_humidity, 0);
-    if (!this->publish(this->get_target_humidity_state_topic(), payload))
+    len = value_accuracy_to_buf(payload, this->device_->target_humidity, 0);
+    if (!this->publish(this->get_target_humidity_state_topic(), payload, len))
       success = false;
   }
 
@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ bool MQTTClimateComponent::publish_state_() {
       }
     }
     if (this->device_->has_custom_preset())
-      payload = this->device_->get_custom_preset();
+      payload = this->device_->get_custom_preset().c_str();
     if (!this->publish(this->get_preset_state_topic(), payload))
       success = false;
   }
@@ -429,7 +431,7 @@ bool MQTTClimateComponent::publish_state_() {
       }
     }
     if (this->device_->has_custom_fan_mode())
-      payload = this->device_->get_custom_fan_mode();
+      payload = this->device_->get_custom_fan_mode().c_str();
     if (!this->publish(this->get_fan_mode_state_topic(), payload))
       success = false;
   }

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.cpp

@@ -94,21 +94,25 @@ std::string MQTTComponent::get_default_topic_for_(const std::string &suffix) con
 }
 
 std::string MQTTComponent::get_state_topic_() const {
-  if (this->has_custom_state_topic_)
-    return this->custom_state_topic_.str();
+  if (this->custom_state_topic_.has_value())
+    return this->custom_state_topic_.value();
   return this->get_default_topic_for_("state");
 }
 
 std::string MQTTComponent::get_command_topic_() const {
-  if (this->has_custom_command_topic_)
-    return this->custom_command_topic_.str();
+  if (this->custom_command_topic_.has_value())
+    return this->custom_command_topic_.value();
   return this->get_default_topic_for_("command");
 }
 
 bool MQTTComponent::publish(const std::string &topic, const std::string &payload) {
+  return this->publish(topic, payload.data(), payload.size());
+}
+
+bool MQTTComponent::publish(const std::string &topic, const char *payload, size_t payload_length) {
   if (topic.empty())
     return false;
-  return global_mqtt_client->publish(topic, payload, this->qos_, this->retain_);
+  return global_mqtt_client->publish(topic, payload, payload_length, this->qos_, this->retain_);
 }
 
 bool MQTTComponent::publish_json(const std::string &topic, const json::json_build_t &f) {
@@ -187,7 +191,13 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
           char friendly_name_hash[9];
           sprintf(friendly_name_hash, "%08" PRIx32, fnv1_hash(this->friendly_name_()));
           friendly_name_hash[8] = 0;  // ensure the hash-string ends with null
-          root[MQTT_UNIQUE_ID] = get_mac_address() + "-" + this->component_type() + "-" + friendly_name_hash;
+          // Format: mac-component_type-hash (e.g. "aabbccddeeff-sensor-12345678")
+          // MAC (12) + "-" (1) + domain (max 20) + "-" (1) + hash (8) + null (1) = 43
+          char unique_id[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE + ESPHOME_DOMAIN_MAX_LEN + 11];
+          char mac_buf[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+          get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac_buf);
+          snprintf(unique_id, sizeof(unique_id), "%s-%s-%s", mac_buf, this->component_type(), friendly_name_hash);
+          root[MQTT_UNIQUE_ID] = unique_id;
         } else {
           // default to almost-unique ID. It's a hack but the only way to get that
           // gorgeous device registry view.
@@ -203,7 +213,8 @@ bool MQTTComponent::send_discovery_() {
         std::string node_area = App.get_area();
 
         JsonObject device_info = root[MQTT_DEVICE].to<JsonObject>();
-        const auto mac = get_mac_address();
+        char mac[MAC_ADDRESS_BUFFER_SIZE];
+        get_mac_address_into_buffer(mac);
         device_info[MQTT_DEVICE_IDENTIFIERS] = mac;
         device_info[MQTT_DEVICE_NAME] = node_friendly_name;
 #ifdef ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME
@@ -266,14 +277,6 @@ MQTTComponent::MQTTComponent() = default;
 
 float MQTTComponent::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::AFTER_CONNECTION; }
 void MQTTComponent::disable_discovery() { this->discovery_enabled_ = false; }
-void MQTTComponent::set_custom_state_topic(const char *custom_state_topic) {
-  this->custom_state_topic_ = StringRef(custom_state_topic);
-  this->has_custom_state_topic_ = true;
-}
-void MQTTComponent::set_custom_command_topic(const char *custom_command_topic) {
-  this->custom_command_topic_ = StringRef(custom_command_topic);
-  this->has_custom_command_topic_ = true;
-}
 void MQTTComponent::set_command_retain(bool command_retain) { this->command_retain_ = command_retain; }
 
 void MQTTComponent::set_availability(std::string topic, std::string payload_available,
@@ -342,13 +345,13 @@ StringRef MQTTComponent::get_default_object_id_to_(std::span<char, OBJECT_ID_MAX
 StringRef MQTTComponent::get_icon_ref_() const { return this->get_entity()->get_icon_ref(); }
 bool MQTTComponent::is_disabled_by_default_() const { return this->get_entity()->is_disabled_by_default(); }
 bool MQTTComponent::is_internal() {
-  if (this->has_custom_state_topic_) {
+  if (this->custom_state_topic_.has_value()) {
     // If the custom state_topic is null, return true as it is internal and should not publish
     // else, return false, as it is explicitly set to a topic, so it is not internal and should publish
     return this->get_state_topic_().empty();
   }
 
-  if (this->has_custom_command_topic_) {
+  if (this->custom_command_topic_.has_value()) {
     // If the custom command_topic is null, return true as it is internal and should not publish
     // else, return false, as it is explicitly set to a topic, so it is not internal and should publish
     return this->get_command_topic_().empty();

esphome/components/mqtt/mqtt_component.h

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <memory>
 
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/entity_base.h"
 #include "esphome/core/string_ref.h"
@@ -109,10 +110,13 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   /// Override this method to return the component type (e.g. "light", "sensor", ...)
   virtual const char *component_type() const = 0;
 
-  /// Set a custom state topic. Set to "" for default behavior.
-  void set_custom_state_topic(const char *custom_state_topic);
-  /// Set a custom command topic. Set to "" for default behavior.
-  void set_custom_command_topic(const char *custom_command_topic);
+  /// Set a custom state topic. Do not set for default behavior.
+  template<typename T> void set_custom_state_topic(T &&custom_state_topic) {
+    this->custom_state_topic_ = std::forward<T>(custom_state_topic);
+  }
+  template<typename T> void set_custom_command_topic(T &&custom_command_topic) {
+    this->custom_command_topic_ = std::forward<T>(custom_command_topic);
+  }
   /// Set whether command message should be retained.
   void set_command_retain(bool command_retain);
 
@@ -136,6 +140,14 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
    */
   bool publish(const std::string &topic, const std::string &payload);
 
+  /** Send a MQTT message.
+   *
+   * @param topic The topic.
+   * @param payload The payload buffer.
+   * @param payload_length The length of the payload.
+   */
+  bool publish(const std::string &topic, const char *payload, size_t payload_length);
+
   /** Construct and send a JSON MQTT message.
    *
    * @param topic The topic.
@@ -203,14 +215,11 @@ class MQTTComponent : public Component {
   /// Get the object ID for this MQTT component, writing to the provided buffer.
   StringRef get_default_object_id_to_(std::span<char, OBJECT_ID_MAX_LEN> buf) const;
 
-  StringRef custom_state_topic_{};
-  StringRef custom_command_topic_{};
+  TemplatableValue<std::string> custom_state_topic_{};
+  TemplatableValue<std::string> custom_command_topic_{};
 
   std::unique_ptr<Availability> availability_;
 
-  bool has_custom_state_topic_{false};
-  bool has_custom_command_topic_{false};
-
   bool command_retain_{false};
   bool retain_{true};
   uint8_t qos_{0};