compat

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>

esphome/__main__.py

@@ -731,13 +731,6 @@ def command_vscode(args: ArgsProtocol) -> int | None:
 
 
 def command_compile(args: ArgsProtocol, config: ConfigType) -> int | None:
-    # Set memory analysis options in config
-    if args.analyze_memory:
-        config.setdefault(CONF_ESPHOME, {})["analyze_memory"] = True
-
-    if args.memory_report:
-        config.setdefault(CONF_ESPHOME, {})["memory_report_file"] = args.memory_report
-
     exit_code = write_cpp(config)
     if exit_code != 0:
         return exit_code
@@ -1199,17 +1192,6 @@ def parse_args(argv):
         help="Only generate source code, do not compile.",
         action="store_true",
     )
-    parser_compile.add_argument(
-        "--analyze-memory",
-        help="Analyze and display memory usage by component after compilation.",
-        action="store_true",
-    )
-    parser_compile.add_argument(
-        "--memory-report",
-        help="Save memory analysis report to a file (supports .json or .txt).",
-        type=str,
-        metavar="FILE",
-    )
 
     parser_upload = subparsers.add_parser(
         "upload",

esphome/analyze_memory/cli.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 """CLI interface for memory analysis with report generation."""
 
 from collections import defaultdict
-import json
 import sys
 
 from . import (
@@ -232,9 +231,22 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
                 api_component = (name, mem)
                 break
 
-        # Combine all components to analyze: top ESPHome + all external + API if not already included
-        components_to_analyze = list(top_esphome_components) + list(
-            top_external_components
+        # Also include wifi_stack and other important system components if they exist
+        system_components_to_include = [
+            # Empty list - we've finished debugging symbol categorization
+            # Add component names here if you need to debug their symbols
+        ]
+        system_components = [
+            (name, mem)
+            for name, mem in components
+            if name in system_components_to_include
+        ]
+
+        # Combine all components to analyze: top ESPHome + all external + API if not already included + system components
+        components_to_analyze = (
+            list(top_esphome_components)
+            + list(top_external_components)
+            + system_components
         )
         if api_component and api_component not in components_to_analyze:
             components_to_analyze.append(api_component)
@@ -271,28 +283,6 @@ class MemoryAnalyzerCLI(MemoryAnalyzer):
 
         return "\n".join(lines)
 
-    def to_json(self) -> str:
-        """Export analysis results as JSON."""
-        data = {
-            "components": {
-                name: {
-                    "text": mem.text_size,
-                    "rodata": mem.rodata_size,
-                    "data": mem.data_size,
-                    "bss": mem.bss_size,
-                    "flash_total": mem.flash_total,
-                    "ram_total": mem.ram_total,
-                    "symbol_count": mem.symbol_count,
-                }
-                for name, mem in self.components.items()
-            },
-            "totals": {
-                "flash": sum(c.flash_total for c in self.components.values()),
-                "ram": sum(c.ram_total for c in self.components.values()),
-            },
-        }
-        return json.dumps(data, indent=2)
-
     def dump_uncategorized_symbols(self, output_file: str | None = None) -> None:
         """Dump uncategorized symbols for analysis."""
         # Sort by size descending

esphome/analyze_memory/const.py

@@ -127,40 +127,39 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "tryget_socket_unconn",
         "cs_create_ctrl_sock",
         "netbuf_alloc",
+        "tcp_",  # TCP protocol functions
+        "udp_",  # UDP protocol functions
+        "lwip_",  # LwIP stack functions
+        "eagle_lwip",  # ESP-specific LwIP functions
+        "new_linkoutput",  # Link output function
+        "acd_",  # Address Conflict Detection (ACD)
+        "eth_",  # Ethernet functions
+        "mac_enable_bb",  # MAC baseband enable
+        "reassemble_and_dispatch",  # Packet reassembly
     ],
+    # dhcp must come before libc to avoid "dhcp_select" matching "select" pattern
+    "dhcp": ["dhcp", "handle_dhcp"],
     "ipv6_stack": ["nd6_", "ip6_", "mld6_", "icmp6_", "icmp6_input"],
-    "wifi_stack": [
-        "ieee80211",
-        "hostap",
-        "sta_",
-        "ap_",
-        "scan_",
-        "wifi_",
-        "wpa_",
-        "wps_",
-        "esp_wifi",
-        "cnx_",
-        "wpa3_",
-        "sae_",
-        "wDev_",
-        "ic_",
-        "mac_",
-        "esf_buf",
-        "gWpaSm",
-        "sm_WPA",
-        "eapol_",
-        "owe_",
-        "wifiLowLevelInit",
-        "s_do_mapping",
-        "gScanStruct",
-        "ppSearchTxframe",
-        "ppMapWaitTxq",
-        "ppFillAMPDUBar",
-        "ppCheckTxConnTrafficIdle",
-        "ppCalTkipMic",
+    # Order matters! More specific categories must come before general ones.
+    # mdns must come before bluetooth to avoid "_mdns_disable_pcb" matching "ble_" pattern
+    "mdns_lib": ["mdns"],
+    # memory_mgmt must come before wifi_stack to catch mmu_hal_* symbols
+    "memory_mgmt": [
+        "mem_",
+        "memory_",
+        "tlsf_",
+        "memp_",
+        "pbuf_",
+        "pbuf_alloc",
+        "pbuf_copy_partial_pbuf",
+        "esp_mmu_map",
+        "mmu_hal_",
+        "s_do_mapping",  # Memory mapping function, not WiFi
+        "hash_map_",  # Hash map data structure
+        "umm_assimilate",  # UMM malloc assimilation
     ],
-    "bluetooth": ["bt_", "ble_", "l2c_", "gatt_", "gap_", "hci_", "BT_init"],
-    "wifi_bt_coex": ["coex"],
+    # Bluetooth categories must come BEFORE wifi_stack to avoid misclassification
+    # Many BLE symbols contain patterns like "ble_" that would otherwise match wifi patterns
     "bluetooth_rom": ["r_ble", "r_lld", "r_llc", "r_llm"],
     "bluedroid_bt": [
         "bluedroid",
@@ -207,6 +206,61 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "copy_extra_byte_in_db",
         "parse_read_local_supported_commands_response",
     ],
+    "bluetooth": [
+        "bt_",
+        "_ble_",  # More specific than "ble_" to avoid matching "able_", "enable_", "disable_"
+        "l2c_",
+        "l2ble_",  # L2CAP for BLE
+        "gatt_",
+        "gap_",
+        "hci_",
+        "btsnd_hcic_",  # Bluetooth HCI command send functions
+        "BT_init",
+        "BT_tx_",  # Bluetooth transmit functions
+        "esp_ble_",  # Catch esp_ble_* functions
+    ],
+    "bluetooth_ll": [
+        "llm_",  # Link layer manager
+        "llc_",  # Link layer control
+        "lld_",  # Link layer driver
+        "ld_acl_",  # Link layer ACL (Asynchronous Connection-Oriented)
+        "llcp_",  # Link layer control protocol
+        "lmp_",  # Link manager protocol
+    ],
+    "wifi_bt_coex": ["coex"],
+    "wifi_stack": [
+        "ieee80211",
+        "hostap",
+        "sta_",
+        "wifi_ap_",  # More specific than "ap_" to avoid matching "cap_", "map_"
+        "wifi_scan_",  # More specific than "scan_" to avoid matching "_scan_" in other contexts
+        "wifi_",
+        "wpa_",
+        "wps_",
+        "esp_wifi",
+        "cnx_",
+        "wpa3_",
+        "sae_",
+        "wDev_",
+        "ic_mac_",  # More specific than "mac_" to avoid matching emac_
+        "esf_buf",
+        "gWpaSm",
+        "sm_WPA",
+        "eapol_",
+        "owe_",
+        "wifiLowLevelInit",
+        # Removed "s_do_mapping" - this is memory management, not WiFi
+        "gScanStruct",
+        "ppSearchTxframe",
+        "ppMapWaitTxq",
+        "ppFillAMPDUBar",
+        "ppCheckTxConnTrafficIdle",
+        "ppCalTkipMic",
+        "phy_force_wifi",
+        "phy_unforce_wifi",
+        "write_wifi_chan",
+        "wifi_track_pll",
+    ],
     "crypto_math": [
         "ecp_",
         "bignum_",
@@ -231,13 +285,36 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "p_256_init_curve",
         "shift_sub_rows",
         "rshift",
+        "rijndaelEncrypt",  # AES Rijndael encryption
+    ],
+    # System and Arduino core functions must come before libc
+    "esp_system": [
+        "system_",  # ESP system functions
+        "postmortem_",  # Postmortem reporting
+    ],
+    "arduino_core": [
+        "pinMode",
+        "resetPins",
+        "millis",
+        "micros",
+        "delay(",  # More specific - Arduino delay function with parenthesis
+        "delayMicroseconds",
+        "digitalWrite",
+        "digitalRead",
+    ],
+    "sntp": ["sntp_", "sntp_recv"],
+    "scheduler": [
+        "run_scheduled_",
+        "compute_scheduled_",
+        "event_TaskQueue",
     ],
     "hw_crypto": ["esp_aes", "esp_sha", "esp_rsa", "esp_bignum", "esp_mpi"],
     "libc": [
         "printf",
         "scanf",
         "malloc",
-        "free",
+        "_free",  # More specific than "free" to match _free, __free_r, etc. but not arbitrary "free" substring
+        "umm_free",  # UMM malloc free function
         "memcpy",
         "memset",
         "strcpy",
@@ -259,7 +336,7 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "_setenv_r",
         "_tzset_unlocked_r",
         "__tzcalc_limits",
-        "select",
+        "_select",  # More specific than "select" to avoid matching "dhcp_select", etc.
         "scalbnf",
         "strtof",
         "strtof_l",
@@ -316,8 +393,24 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "CSWTCH$",
         "dst$",
         "sulp",
+        "_strtol_l",  # String to long with locale
+        "__cvt",  # Convert
+        "__utoa",  # Unsigned to ASCII
+        "__global_locale",  # Global locale
+        "_ctype_",  # Character type
+        "impure_data",  # Impure data
+    ],
+    "string_ops": [
+        "strcmp",
+        "strncmp",
+        "strchr",
+        "strstr",
+        "strtok",
+        "strdup",
+        "strncasecmp_P",  # String compare (case insensitive, from program memory)
+        "strnlen_P",  # String length (from program memory)
+        "strncat_P",  # String concatenate (from program memory)
     ],
-    "string_ops": ["strcmp", "strncmp", "strchr", "strstr", "strtok", "strdup"],
     "memory_alloc": ["malloc", "calloc", "realloc", "free", "_sbrk"],
     "file_io": [
         "fread",
@@ -338,10 +431,26 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "vsscanf",
     ],
     "cpp_anonymous": ["_GLOBAL__N_", "n$"],
-    "cpp_runtime": ["__cxx", "_ZN", "_ZL", "_ZSt", "__gxx_personality", "_Z16"],
-    "exception_handling": ["__cxa_", "_Unwind_", "__gcc_personality", "uw_frame_state"],
+    # Plain C patterns only - C++ symbols will be categorized via DEMANGLED_PATTERNS
+    "nvs": ["nvs_"],  # Plain C NVS functions
+    "ota": ["ota_", "OTA", "esp_ota", "app_desc"],
+    # cpp_runtime: Removed _ZN, _ZL to let DEMANGLED_PATTERNS categorize C++ symbols properly
+    # Only keep patterns that are truly runtime-specific and not categorizable by namespace
+    "cpp_runtime": ["__cxx", "_ZSt", "__gxx_personality", "_Z16"],
+    "exception_handling": [
+        "__cxa_",
+        "_Unwind_",
+        "__gcc_personality",
+        "uw_frame_state",
+        "search_object",  # Search for exception handling object
+        "get_cie_encoding",  # Get CIE encoding
+        "add_fdes",  # Add frame description entries
+        "fde_unencoded_compare",  # Compare FDEs
+        "fde_mixed_encoding_compare",  # Compare mixed encoding FDEs
+        "frame_downheap",  # Frame heap operations
+        "frame_heapsort",  # Frame heap sorting
+    ],
     "static_init": ["_GLOBAL__sub_I_"],
-    "mdns_lib": ["mdns"],
     "phy_radio": [
         "phy_",
         "rf_",
@@ -394,10 +503,47 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "txcal_debuge_mode",
         "ant_wifitx_cfg",
         "reg_init_begin",
+        "tx_cap_init",  # TX capacitance init
+        "ram_set_txcap",  # RAM TX capacitance setting
+        "tx_atten_",  # TX attenuation
+        "txiq_",  # TX I/Q calibration
+        "ram_cal_",  # RAM calibration
+        "ram_rxiq_",  # RAM RX I/Q
+        "readvdd33",  # Read VDD33
+        "test_tout",  # Test timeout
+        "tsen_meas",  # Temperature sensor measurement
+        "bbpll_cal",  # Baseband PLL calibration
+        "set_cal_",  # Set calibration
+        "set_rfanagain_",  # Set RF analog gain
+        "set_txdc_",  # Set TX DC
+        "get_vdd33_",  # Get VDD33
+        "gen_rx_gain_table",  # Generate RX gain table
+        "ram_ana_inf_gating_en",  # RAM analog interface gating enable
+        "tx_cont_en",  # TX continuous enable
+        "tx_delay_cfg",  # TX delay configuration
+        "tx_gain_table_set",  # TX gain table set
+        "check_and_reset_hw_deadlock",  # Hardware deadlock check
+        "s_config",  # System/hardware config
+        "chan14_mic_cfg",  # Channel 14 MIC config
+    ],
+    "wifi_phy_pp": [
+        "pp_",
+        "ppT",
+        "ppR",
+        "ppP",
+        "ppInstall",
+        "ppCalTxAMPDULength",
+        "ppCheckTx",  # Packet processor TX check
+        "ppCal",  # Packet processor calibration
+        "HdlAllBuffedEb",  # Handle buffered EB
     ],
-    "wifi_phy_pp": ["pp_", "ppT", "ppR", "ppP", "ppInstall", "ppCalTxAMPDULength"],
     "wifi_lmac": ["lmac"],
-    "wifi_device": ["wdev", "wDev_"],
+    "wifi_device": [
+        "wdev",
+        "wDev_",
+        "ic_set_sta",  # Set station mode
+        "ic_set_vif",  # Set virtual interface
+    ],
     "power_mgmt": [
         "pm_",
         "sleep",
@@ -406,15 +552,7 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "deep_sleep",
         "power_down",
         "g_pm",
-    ],
-    "memory_mgmt": [
-        "mem_",
-        "memory_",
-        "tlsf_",
-        "memp_",
-        "pbuf_",
-        "pbuf_alloc",
-        "pbuf_copy_partial_pbuf",
+        "pmc",  # Power Management Controller
     ],
     "hal_layer": ["hal_"],
     "clock_mgmt": [
@@ -439,7 +577,6 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
     "error_handling": ["panic", "abort", "assert", "error_", "fault"],
     "authentication": ["auth"],
     "ppp_protocol": ["ppp", "ipcp_", "lcp_", "chap_", "LcpEchoCheck"],
-    "dhcp": ["dhcp", "handle_dhcp"],
     "ethernet_phy": [
         "emac_",
         "eth_phy_",
@@ -618,7 +755,15 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "ampdu_dispatch_upto",
     ],
     "ieee802_11": ["ieee802_11_", "ieee802_11_parse_elems"],
-    "rate_control": ["rssi_margin", "rcGetSched", "get_rate_fcc_index"],
+    "rate_control": [
+        "rssi_margin",
+        "rcGetSched",
+        "get_rate_fcc_index",
+        "rcGetRate",  # Get rate
+        "rc_get_",  # Rate control getters
+        "rc_set_",  # Rate control setters
+        "rc_enable_",  # Rate control enable functions
+    ],
     "nan": ["nan_dp_", "nan_dp_post_tx", "nan_dp_delete_peer"],
     "channel_mgmt": ["chm_init", "chm_set_current_channel"],
     "trace": ["trc_init", "trc_onAmpduOp"],
@@ -799,31 +944,18 @@ SYMBOL_PATTERNS = {
         "supports_interlaced_inquiry_scan",
         "supports_reading_remote_extended_features",
     ],
-    "bluetooth_ll": [
-        "lld_pdu_",
-        "ld_acl_",
-        "lld_stop_ind_handler",
-        "lld_evt_winsize_change",
-        "config_lld_evt_funcs_reset",
-        "config_lld_funcs_reset",
-        "config_llm_funcs_reset",
-        "llm_set_long_adv_data",
-        "lld_retry_tx_prog",
-        "llc_link_sup_to_ind_handler",
-        "config_llc_funcs_reset",
-        "lld_evt_rxwin_compute",
-        "config_btdm_funcs_reset",
-        "config_ea_funcs_reset",
-        "llc_defalut_state_tab_reset",
-        "config_rwip_funcs_reset",
-        "ke_lmp_rx_flooding_detect",
-    ],
 }
 
 # Demangled patterns: patterns found in demangled C++ names
 DEMANGLED_PATTERNS = {
     "gpio_driver": ["GPIO"],
     "uart_driver": ["UART"],
+    # mdns_lib must come before network_stack to avoid "udp" matching "_udpReadBuffer" in MDNSResponder
+    "mdns_lib": [
+        "MDNSResponder",
+        "MDNSImplementation",
+        "MDNS",
+    ],
     "network_stack": [
         "lwip",
         "tcp",
@@ -836,6 +968,24 @@ DEMANGLED_PATTERNS = {
         "ethernet",
         "ppp",
         "slip",
+        "UdpContext",  # UDP context class
+        "DhcpServer",  # DHCP server class
+    ],
+    "arduino_core": [
+        "String::",  # Arduino String class
+        "Print::",  # Arduino Print class
+        "HardwareSerial::",  # Serial class
+        "IPAddress::",  # IP address class
+        "EspClass::",  # ESP class
+        "experimental::_SPI",  # Experimental SPI
+    ],
+    "ota": [
+        "UpdaterClass",
+        "Updater::",
+    ],
+    "wifi": [
+        "ESP8266WiFi",
+        "WiFi::",
     ],
     "wifi_stack": ["NetworkInterface"],
     "nimble_bt": [
@@ -854,7 +1004,6 @@ DEMANGLED_PATTERNS = {
     "rtti": ["__type_info", "__class_type_info"],
     "web_server_lib": ["AsyncWebServer", "AsyncWebHandler", "WebServer"],
     "async_tcp": ["AsyncClient", "AsyncServer"],
-    "mdns_lib": ["mdns"],
     "json_lib": [
         "ArduinoJson",
         "JsonDocument",

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -1143,7 +1143,7 @@ message ListEntitiesSelectResponse {
   reserved 4; // Deprecated: was string unique_id
 
   string icon = 5 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_ENTITY_ICON"];
-  repeated string options = 6 [(container_pointer) = "std::vector"];
+  repeated string options = 6 [(container_pointer) = "FixedVector"];
   bool disabled_by_default = 7;
   EntityCategory entity_category = 8;
   uint32 device_id = 9 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_DEVICES"];

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_noise.cpp

@@ -142,11 +142,6 @@ APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::loop() {
  * errno API_ERROR_HANDSHAKE_PACKET_LEN: Packet too big for this phase.
  */
 APIError APINoiseFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
-  // Clear buffer when starting a new frame (rx_buf_len_ == 0 means not resuming after WOULD_BLOCK)
-  if (this->rx_buf_len_ == 0) {
-    this->rx_buf_.clear();
-  }
-
   // read header
   if (rx_header_buf_len_ < 3) {
     // no header information yet

esphome/components/api/api_frame_helper_plaintext.cpp

@@ -54,11 +54,6 @@ APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::loop() {
  * error API_ERROR_BAD_INDICATOR: Bad indicator byte at start of frame.
  */
 APIError APIPlaintextFrameHelper::try_read_frame_() {
-  // Clear buffer when starting a new frame (rx_buf_len_ == 0 means not resuming after WOULD_BLOCK)
-  if (this->rx_buf_len_ == 0) {
-    this->rx_buf_.clear();
-  }
-
   // read header
   while (!rx_header_parsed_) {
     // Now that we know when the socket is ready, we can read up to 3 bytes

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -1534,7 +1534,7 @@ class ListEntitiesSelectResponse final : public InfoResponseProtoMessage {
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_select_response"; }
 #endif
-  const std::vector<std::string> *options{};
+  const FixedVector<std::string> *options{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP

esphome/components/binary_sensor/__init__.py

@@ -264,20 +264,31 @@ async def delayed_off_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
     ),
 )
 async def autorepeat_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
-    timings = []
     if len(config) > 0:
-        timings.extend(
-            (conf[CONF_DELAY], conf[CONF_TIME_OFF], conf[CONF_TIME_ON])
-            for conf in config
-        )
-    else:
-        timings.append(
-            (
-                cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_DELAY).total_milliseconds,
-                cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_TIME_OFF).total_milliseconds,
-                cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_TIME_ON).total_milliseconds,
+        timings = [
+            cg.StructInitializer(
+                cg.MockObj("AutorepeatFilterTiming", "esphome::binary_sensor::"),
+                ("delay", conf[CONF_DELAY]),
+                ("time_off", conf[CONF_TIME_OFF]),
+                ("time_on", conf[CONF_TIME_ON]),
             )
-        )
+            for conf in config
+        ]
+    else:
+        timings = [
+            cg.StructInitializer(
+                cg.MockObj("AutorepeatFilterTiming", "esphome::binary_sensor::"),
+                ("delay", cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_DELAY).total_milliseconds),
+                (
+                    "time_off",
+                    cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_TIME_OFF).total_milliseconds,
+                ),
+                (
+                    "time_on",
+                    cv.time_period_str_unit(DEFAULT_TIME_ON).total_milliseconds,
+                ),
+            )
+        ]
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, timings)
     await cg.register_component(var, {})
     return var

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #include "filter.h"
 
 #include "binary_sensor.h"
-#include <utility>
 
 namespace esphome {
 
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ float DelayedOffFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARD
 
 optional<bool> InvertFilter::new_value(bool value) { return !value; }
 
-AutorepeatFilter::AutorepeatFilter(std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings) : timings_(std::move(timings)) {}
+AutorepeatFilter::AutorepeatFilter(std::initializer_list<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings) : timings_(timings) {}
 
 optional<bool> AutorepeatFilter::new_value(bool value) {
   if (value) {

esphome/components/binary_sensor/filter.h

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/component.h"
 #include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
-#include <vector>
-
 namespace esphome {
 
 namespace binary_sensor {
@@ -82,11 +80,6 @@ class InvertFilter : public Filter {
 };
 
 struct AutorepeatFilterTiming {
-  AutorepeatFilterTiming(uint32_t delay, uint32_t off, uint32_t on) {
-    this->delay = delay;
-    this->time_off = off;
-    this->time_on = on;
-  }
   uint32_t delay;
   uint32_t time_off;
   uint32_t time_on;
@@ -94,7 +87,7 @@ struct AutorepeatFilterTiming {
 
 class AutorepeatFilter : public Filter, public Component {
  public:
-  explicit AutorepeatFilter(std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings);
+  explicit AutorepeatFilter(std::initializer_list<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings);
 
   optional<bool> new_value(bool value) override;
 
@@ -104,7 +97,7 @@ class AutorepeatFilter : public Filter, public Component {
   void next_timing_();
   void next_value_(bool val);
 
-  std::vector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings_;
+  FixedVector<AutorepeatFilterTiming> timings_;
   uint8_t active_timing_{0};
 };
 

esphome/components/climate/climate.cpp

@@ -385,12 +385,14 @@ void Climate::save_state_() {
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && custom_fan_mode.has_value()) {
     state.uses_custom_fan_mode = true;
     const auto &supported = traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes();
-    std::vector<std::string> vec{supported.begin(), supported.end()};
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
-      if (vec[i] == custom_fan_mode) {
+    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings)
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (const auto &mode : supported) {
+      if (mode == custom_fan_mode) {
         state.custom_fan_mode = i;
         break;
       }
+      i++;
     }
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_presets() && preset.has_value()) {
@@ -400,12 +402,14 @@ void Climate::save_state_() {
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && custom_preset.has_value()) {
     state.uses_custom_preset = true;
     const auto &supported = traits.get_supported_custom_presets();
-    std::vector<std::string> vec{supported.begin(), supported.end()};
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < vec.size(); i++) {
-      if (vec[i] == custom_preset) {
+    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings)
+    size_t i = 0;
+    for (const auto &preset : supported) {
+      if (preset == custom_preset) {
         state.custom_preset = i;
         break;
       }
+      i++;
     }
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {
@@ -549,22 +553,34 @@ void ClimateDeviceRestoreState::apply(Climate *climate) {
     climate->fan_mode = this->fan_mode;
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes().empty() && this->uses_custom_fan_mode) {
-    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings), so this is ok
+    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings)
     const auto &modes = traits.get_supported_custom_fan_modes();
-    std::vector<std::string> modes_vec{modes.begin(), modes.end()};
-    if (custom_fan_mode < modes_vec.size()) {
-      climate->custom_fan_mode = modes_vec[this->custom_fan_mode];
+    if (custom_fan_mode < modes.size()) {
+      size_t i = 0;
+      for (const auto &mode : modes) {
+        if (i == this->custom_fan_mode) {
+          climate->custom_fan_mode = mode;
+          break;
+        }
+        i++;
+      }
     }
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_presets() && !this->uses_custom_preset) {
     climate->preset = this->preset;
   }
   if (!traits.get_supported_custom_presets().empty() && uses_custom_preset) {
-    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings), so this is ok
+    // std::set has consistent order (lexicographic for strings)
     const auto &presets = traits.get_supported_custom_presets();
-    std::vector<std::string> presets_vec{presets.begin(), presets.end()};
-    if (custom_preset < presets_vec.size()) {
-      climate->custom_preset = presets_vec[this->custom_preset];
+    if (custom_preset < presets.size()) {
+      size_t i = 0;
+      for (const auto &preset : presets) {
+        if (i == this->custom_preset) {
+          climate->custom_preset = preset;
+          break;
+        }
+        i++;
+      }
     }
   }
   if (traits.get_supports_swing_modes()) {

esphome/components/copy/select/copy_select.cpp

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ static const char *const TAG = "copy.select";
 void CopySelect::setup() {
   source_->add_on_state_callback([this](const std::string &value, size_t index) { this->publish_state(value); });
 
-  traits.set_options(source_->traits.get_options());
+  // Copy options from source select
+  this->traits.copy_options(source_->traits.get_options());
 
   if (source_->has_state())
     this->publish_state(source_->state);

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.cpp

@@ -76,10 +76,6 @@ void ESP32BLE::advertising_set_service_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 }
 
 void ESP32BLE::advertising_set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  this->advertising_set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t>(data));
-}
-
-void ESP32BLE::advertising_set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   this->advertising_init_();
   this->advertising_->set_manufacturer_data(data);
   this->advertising_start();

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble.h

@@ -118,7 +118,6 @@ class ESP32BLE : public Component {
   void advertising_start();
   void advertising_set_service_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
   void advertising_set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  void advertising_set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data);
   void advertising_set_appearance(uint16_t appearance) { this->appearance_ = appearance; }
   void advertising_set_service_data_and_name(std::span<const uint8_t> data, bool include_name);
   void advertising_add_service_uuid(ESPBTUUID uuid);

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.cpp

@@ -59,10 +59,6 @@ void BLEAdvertising::set_service_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
 }
 
 void BLEAdvertising::set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data) {
-  this->set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t>(data));
-}
-
-void BLEAdvertising::set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data) {
   delete[] this->advertising_data_.p_manufacturer_data;
   this->advertising_data_.p_manufacturer_data = nullptr;
   this->advertising_data_.manufacturer_len = data.size();

esphome/components/esp32_ble/ble_advertising.h

@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ class BLEAdvertising {
   void set_scan_response(bool scan_response) { this->scan_response_ = scan_response; }
   void set_min_preferred_interval(uint16_t interval) { this->advertising_data_.min_interval = interval; }
   void set_manufacturer_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
-  void set_manufacturer_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data);
   void set_appearance(uint16_t appearance) { this->advertising_data_.appearance = appearance; }
   void set_service_data(const std::vector<uint8_t> &data);
   void set_service_data(std::span<const uint8_t> data);

esphome/components/esp32_ble_beacon/esp32_ble_beacon.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "esp32_ble_beacon.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
-#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_ESP32
 

esphome/components/esp32_ble_server/ble_server_automations.cpp

@@ -15,10 +15,7 @@ Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_characteristic_on_w
   Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
       new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
   characteristic->on_write([on_write_trigger](std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t id) {
-    // Convert span to vector for trigger - copy is necessary because:
-    // 1. Trigger stores the data for use in automation actions that execute later
-    // 2. The span is only valid during this callback (points to temporary BLE stack data)
-    // 3. User lambdas in automations need persistent data they can access asynchronously
+    // Convert span to vector for trigger
     on_write_trigger->trigger(std::vector<uint8_t>(data.begin(), data.end()), id);
   });
   return on_write_trigger;
@@ -30,10 +27,7 @@ Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *BLETriggers::create_descriptor_on_write
   Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t> *on_write_trigger =  // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory)
       new Trigger<std::vector<uint8_t>, uint16_t>();
   descriptor->on_write([on_write_trigger](std::span<const uint8_t> data, uint16_t id) {
-    // Convert span to vector for trigger - copy is necessary because:
-    // 1. Trigger stores the data for use in automation actions that execute later
-    // 2. The span is only valid during this callback (points to temporary BLE stack data)
-    // 3. User lambdas in automations need persistent data they can access asynchronously
+    // Convert span to vector for trigger
     on_write_trigger->trigger(std::vector<uint8_t>(data.begin(), data.end()), id);
   });
   return on_write_trigger;

esphome/components/esp32_improv/__init__.py

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
 
     cg.add_define("USE_IMPROV")
 
-    await improv_base.setup_improv_core(var, config)
+    await improv_base.setup_improv_core(var, config, "esp32_improv")
 
     cg.add(var.set_identify_duration(config[CONF_IDENTIFY_DURATION]))
     cg.add(var.set_authorized_duration(config[CONF_AUTHORIZED_DURATION]))

esphome/components/esp32_improv/esp32_improv_component.cpp

@@ -389,11 +389,13 @@ void ESP32ImprovComponent::check_wifi_connection_() {
     std::string url_strings[3];
     size_t url_count = 0;
 
+#ifdef USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL
     // Add next_url if configured (should be first per Improv BLE spec)
     std::string next_url = this->get_formatted_next_url_();
     if (!next_url.empty()) {
       url_strings[url_count++] = std::move(next_url);
     }
+#endif
 
     // Add default URLs for backward compatibility
     url_strings[url_count++] = ESPHOME_MY_LINK;

esphome/components/i2c/i2c_bus_esp_idf.cpp

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ void IDFI2CBus::dump_config() {
         if (s.second) {
           ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Found device at address 0x%02X", s.first);
         } else {
-          ESP_LOGCONFIG(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
+          ESP_LOGE(TAG, "Unknown error at address 0x%02X", s.first);
         }
       }
     }

esphome/components/improv_base/__init__.py

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ import re
 import esphome.codegen as cg
 import esphome.config_validation as cv
 from esphome.const import __version__
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj
+from esphome.types import ConfigType
 
 CODEOWNERS = ["@esphome/core"]
 
@@ -35,7 +37,9 @@ def _process_next_url(url: str):
     return url
 
 
-async def setup_improv_core(var, config):
-    if CONF_NEXT_URL in config:
-        cg.add(var.set_next_url(_process_next_url(config[CONF_NEXT_URL])))
+async def setup_improv_core(var: MockObj, config: ConfigType, component: str):
+    if next_url := config.get(CONF_NEXT_URL):
+        cg.add(var.set_next_url(_process_next_url(next_url)))
+        cg.add_define(f"USE_{component.upper()}_NEXT_URL")
+
     cg.add_library("improv/Improv", "1.2.4")

esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.cpp

@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace improv_base {
 
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL) || defined(USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL)
 static constexpr const char DEVICE_NAME_PLACEHOLDER[] = "{{device_name}}";
 static constexpr size_t DEVICE_NAME_PLACEHOLDER_LEN = sizeof(DEVICE_NAME_PLACEHOLDER) - 1;
 static constexpr const char IP_ADDRESS_PLACEHOLDER[] = "{{ip_address}}";
@@ -43,6 +45,7 @@ std::string ImprovBase::get_formatted_next_url_() {
 
   return formatted_url;
 }
+#endif
 
 }  // namespace improv_base
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/improv_base/improv_base.h

@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <string>
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace improv_base {
 
 class ImprovBase {
  public:
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL) || defined(USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL)
   void set_next_url(const std::string &next_url) { this->next_url_ = next_url; }
+#endif
 
  protected:
+#if defined(USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL) || defined(USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL)
   std::string get_formatted_next_url_();
   std::string next_url_;
+#endif
 };
 
 }  // namespace improv_base

esphome/components/improv_serial/__init__.py

@@ -43,4 +43,4 @@ FINAL_VALIDATE_SCHEMA = validate_logger
 async def to_code(config):
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
-    await improv_base.setup_improv_core(var, config)
+    await improv_base.setup_improv_core(var, config, "improv_serial")

esphome/components/improv_serial/improv_serial_component.cpp

@@ -146,9 +146,11 @@ void ImprovSerialComponent::loop() {
 
 std::vector<uint8_t> ImprovSerialComponent::build_rpc_settings_response_(improv::Command command) {
   std::vector<std::string> urls;
+#ifdef USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL
   if (!this->next_url_.empty()) {
     urls.push_back(this->get_formatted_next_url_());
   }
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_WEBSERVER
   for (auto &ip : wifi::global_wifi_component->wifi_sta_ip_addresses()) {
     if (ip.is_ip4()) {

esphome/components/light/addressable_light.cpp

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ void AddressableLightTransformer::start() {
 }
 
 optional<LightColorValues> AddressableLightTransformer::apply() {
-  float smoothed_progress = LightTransitionTransformer::smoothed_progress(this->get_progress_());
+  float smoothed_progress = LightTransformer::smoothed_progress(this->get_progress_());
 
   // When running an output-buffer modifying effect, don't try to transition individual LEDs, but instead just fade the
   // LightColorValues. write_state() then picks up the change in brightness, and the color change is picked up by the

esphome/components/light/addressable_light.h

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 #include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "light_output.h"
 #include "light_state.h"
-#include "transformers.h"
+#include "light_transformer.h"
 
 #ifdef USE_POWER_SUPPLY
 #include "esphome/components/power_supply/power_supply.h"
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class AddressableLight : public LightOutput, public Component {
   bool effect_active_{false};
 };
 
-class AddressableLightTransformer : public LightTransitionTransformer {
+class AddressableLightTransformer : public LightTransformer {
  public:
   AddressableLightTransformer(AddressableLight &light) : light_(light) {}
 

esphome/components/light/light_transformer.h

@@ -38,6 +38,10 @@ class LightTransformer {
   const LightColorValues &get_target_values() const { return this->target_values_; }
 
  protected:
+  // This looks crazy, but it reduces to 6x^5 - 15x^4 + 10x^3 which is just a smooth sigmoid-like
+  // transition from 0 to 1 on x = [0, 1]
+  static float smoothed_progress(float x) { return x * x * x * (x * (x * 6.0f - 15.0f) + 10.0f); }
+
   /// The progress of this transition, on a scale of 0 to 1.
   float get_progress_() {
     uint32_t now = esphome::millis();

esphome/components/light/transformers.h

@@ -50,15 +50,11 @@ class LightTransitionTransformer : public LightTransformer {
     if (this->changing_color_mode_)
       p = p < 0.5f ? p * 2 : (p - 0.5) * 2;
 
-    float v = LightTransitionTransformer::smoothed_progress(p);
+    float v = LightTransformer::smoothed_progress(p);
     return LightColorValues::lerp(start, end, v);
   }
 
  protected:
-  // This looks crazy, but it reduces to 6x^5 - 15x^4 + 10x^3 which is just a smooth sigmoid-like
-  // transition from 0 to 1 on x = [0, 1]
-  static float smoothed_progress(float x) { return x * x * x * (x * (x * 6.0f - 15.0f) + 10.0f); }
-
   LightColorValues end_values_{};
   LightColorValues intermediate_values_{};
   bool changing_color_mode_{false};

esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.cpp

@@ -300,11 +300,11 @@ void LvSelectable::set_selected_text(const std::string &text, lv_anim_enable_t a
   }
 }
 
-void LvSelectable::set_options(std::vector<std::string> options) {
+void LvSelectable::set_options(std::initializer_list<std::string> options) {
   auto index = this->get_selected_index();
   if (index >= options.size())
     index = options.size() - 1;
-  this->options_ = std::move(options);
+  this->options_ = options;
   this->set_option_string(join_string(this->options_).c_str());
   lv_event_send(this->obj, LV_EVENT_REFRESH, nullptr);
   this->set_selected_index(index, LV_ANIM_OFF);

esphome/components/lvgl/lvgl_esphome.h

@@ -358,12 +358,12 @@ class LvSelectable : public LvCompound {
   virtual void set_selected_index(size_t index, lv_anim_enable_t anim) = 0;
   void set_selected_text(const std::string &text, lv_anim_enable_t anim);
   std::string get_selected_text();
-  std::vector<std::string> get_options() { return this->options_; }
-  void set_options(std::vector<std::string> options);
+  const FixedVector<std::string> &get_options() { return this->options_; }
+  void set_options(std::initializer_list<std::string> options);
 
  protected:
   virtual void set_option_string(const char *options) = 0;
-  std::vector<std::string> options_{};
+  FixedVector<std::string> options_{};
 };
 
 #ifdef USE_LVGL_DROPDOWN

esphome/components/lvgl/select/lvgl_select.h

@@ -53,7 +53,10 @@ class LVGLSelect : public select::Select, public Component {
     this->widget_->set_selected_text(value, this->anim_);
     this->publish();
   }
-  void set_options_() { this->traits.set_options(this->widget_->get_options()); }
+  void set_options_() {
+    // Copy options from lvgl widget to select traits
+    this->traits.copy_options(this->widget_->get_options());
+  }
 
   LvSelectable *widget_;
   lv_anim_enable_t anim_;

esphome/components/mcp23016/mcp23016.cpp

@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ void MCP23016::pin_mode(uint8_t pin, gpio::Flags flags) {
     this->update_reg_(pin, false, iodir);
   }
 }
-float MCP23016::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::IO; }
+float MCP23016::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 bool MCP23016::read_reg_(uint8_t reg, uint8_t *value) {
   if (this->is_failed())
     return false;

esphome/components/select/select_traits.cpp

@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 namespace esphome {
 namespace select {
 
-void SelectTraits::set_options(std::vector<std::string> options) { this->options_ = std::move(options); }
+void SelectTraits::set_options(std::initializer_list<std::string> options) { this->options_ = options; }
 
-const std::vector<std::string> &SelectTraits::get_options() const { return this->options_; }
+const FixedVector<std::string> &SelectTraits::get_options() const { return this->options_; }
 
 }  // namespace select
 }  // namespace esphome

esphome/components/select/select_traits.h

@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <vector>
 #include <string>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include "esphome/core/helpers.h"
 
 namespace esphome {
 namespace select {
 
 class SelectTraits {
  public:
-  void set_options(std::vector<std::string> options);
-  const std::vector<std::string> &get_options() const;
+  void set_options(std::initializer_list<std::string> options);
+  const FixedVector<std::string> &get_options() const;
+  /// Copy options from another SelectTraits (for copy_select, lvgl)
+  void copy_options(const FixedVector<std::string> &other) { this->options_.copy_from(other); }
 
  protected:
-  std::vector<std::string> options_;
+  FixedVector<std::string> options_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace select

esphome/components/sensor/__init__.py

@@ -28,6 +28,8 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_ON_RAW_VALUE,
     CONF_ON_VALUE,
     CONF_ON_VALUE_RANGE,
+    CONF_OPTIMISTIC,
+    CONF_PERIOD,
     CONF_QUANTILE,
     CONF_SEND_EVERY,
     CONF_SEND_FIRST_AT,
@@ -644,10 +646,29 @@ async def throttle_with_priority_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
     return cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, config[CONF_TIMEOUT], template_)
 
 
+HEARTBEAT_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
+    {
+        cv.Required(CONF_PERIOD): cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+        cv.Optional(CONF_OPTIMISTIC, default=False): cv.boolean,
+    }
+)
+
+
 @FILTER_REGISTRY.register(
-    "heartbeat", HeartbeatFilter, cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds
+    "heartbeat",
+    HeartbeatFilter,
+    cv.Any(
+        cv.positive_time_period_milliseconds,
+        HEARTBEAT_SCHEMA,
+    ),
 )
 async def heartbeat_filter_to_code(config, filter_id):
+    if isinstance(config, dict):
+        var = cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, config[CONF_PERIOD])
+        await cg.register_component(var, {})
+        cg.add(var.set_optimistic(config[CONF_OPTIMISTIC]))
+        return var
+
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(filter_id, config)
     await cg.register_component(var, {})
     return var

esphome/components/sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ optional<float> DeltaFilter::new_value(float value) {
 }
 
 // OrFilter
-OrFilter::OrFilter(std::vector<Filter *> filters) : filters_(std::move(filters)), phi_(this) {}
+OrFilter::OrFilter(std::initializer_list<Filter *> filters) : filters_(filters), phi_(this) {}
 OrFilter::PhiNode::PhiNode(OrFilter *or_parent) : or_parent_(or_parent) {}
 
 optional<float> OrFilter::PhiNode::new_value(float value) {
@@ -326,14 +326,14 @@ optional<float> OrFilter::PhiNode::new_value(float value) {
 }
 optional<float> OrFilter::new_value(float value) {
   this->has_value_ = false;
-  for (Filter *filter : this->filters_)
+  for (auto *filter : this->filters_)
     filter->input(value);
 
   return {};
 }
 void OrFilter::initialize(Sensor *parent, Filter *next) {
   Filter::initialize(parent, next);
-  for (Filter *filter : this->filters_) {
+  for (auto *filter : this->filters_) {
     filter->initialize(parent, &this->phi_);
   }
   this->phi_.initialize(parent, nullptr);
@@ -372,8 +372,12 @@ optional<float> HeartbeatFilter::new_value(float value) {
   this->last_input_ = value;
   this->has_value_ = true;
 
+  if (this->optimistic_) {
+    return value;
+  }
   return {};
 }
+
 void HeartbeatFilter::setup() {
   this->set_interval("heartbeat", this->time_period_, [this]() {
     ESP_LOGVV(TAG, "HeartbeatFilter(%p)::interval(has_value=%s, last_input=%f)", this, YESNO(this->has_value_),
@@ -384,20 +388,27 @@ void HeartbeatFilter::setup() {
     this->output(this->last_input_);
   });
 }
+
 float HeartbeatFilter::get_setup_priority() const { return setup_priority::HARDWARE; }
 
+CalibrateLinearFilter::CalibrateLinearFilter(std::initializer_list<std::array<float, 3>> linear_functions)
+    : linear_functions_(linear_functions) {}
+
 optional<float> CalibrateLinearFilter::new_value(float value) {
-  for (std::array<float, 3> f : this->linear_functions_) {
+  for (const auto &f : this->linear_functions_) {
     if (!std::isfinite(f[2]) || value < f[2])
       return (value * f[0]) + f[1];
   }
   return NAN;
 }
 
+CalibratePolynomialFilter::CalibratePolynomialFilter(std::initializer_list<float> coefficients)
+    : coefficients_(coefficients) {}
+
 optional<float> CalibratePolynomialFilter::new_value(float value) {
   float res = 0.0f;
   float x = 1.0f;
-  for (float coefficient : this->coefficients_) {
+  for (const auto &coefficient : this->coefficients_) {
     res += x * coefficient;
     x *= value;
   }

esphome/components/sensor/filter.h

@@ -396,15 +396,16 @@ class HeartbeatFilter : public Filter, public Component {
   explicit HeartbeatFilter(uint32_t time_period);
 
   void setup() override;
-
   optional<float> new_value(float value) override;
-
   float get_setup_priority() const override;
 
+  void set_optimistic(bool optimistic) { this->optimistic_ = optimistic; }
+
  protected:
   uint32_t time_period_;
   float last_input_;
   bool has_value_{false};
+  bool optimistic_{false};
 };
 
 class DeltaFilter : public Filter {
@@ -422,7 +423,7 @@ class DeltaFilter : public Filter {
 
 class OrFilter : public Filter {
  public:
-  explicit OrFilter(std::vector<Filter *> filters);
+  explicit OrFilter(std::initializer_list<Filter *> filters);
 
   void initialize(Sensor *parent, Filter *next) override;
 
@@ -438,28 +439,27 @@ class OrFilter : public Filter {
     OrFilter *or_parent_;
   };
 
-  std::vector<Filter *> filters_;
+  FixedVector<Filter *> filters_;
   PhiNode phi_;
   bool has_value_{false};
 };
 
 class CalibrateLinearFilter : public Filter {
  public:
-  CalibrateLinearFilter(std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> linear_functions)
-      : linear_functions_(std::move(linear_functions)) {}
+  explicit CalibrateLinearFilter(std::initializer_list<std::array<float, 3>> linear_functions);
   optional<float> new_value(float value) override;
 
  protected:
-  std::vector<std::array<float, 3>> linear_functions_;
+  FixedVector<std::array<float, 3>> linear_functions_;
 };
 
 class CalibratePolynomialFilter : public Filter {
  public:
-  CalibratePolynomialFilter(std::vector<float> coefficients) : coefficients_(std::move(coefficients)) {}
+  explicit CalibratePolynomialFilter(std::initializer_list<float> coefficients);
   optional<float> new_value(float value) override;
 
  protected:
-  std::vector<float> coefficients_;
+  FixedVector<float> coefficients_;
 };
 
 class ClampFilter : public Filter {

esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.cpp

@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ optional<std::string> AppendFilter::new_value(std::string value) { return value
 optional<std::string> PrependFilter::new_value(std::string value) { return this->prefix_ + value; }
 
 // Substitute
-SubstituteFilter::SubstituteFilter(std::initializer_list<Substitution> substitutions) : substitutions_(substitutions) {}
+SubstituteFilter::SubstituteFilter(const std::initializer_list<Substitution> &substitutions)
+    : substitutions_(substitutions) {}
 
 optional<std::string> SubstituteFilter::new_value(std::string value) {
   std::size_t pos;
@@ -74,7 +75,7 @@ optional<std::string> SubstituteFilter::new_value(std::string value) {
 }
 
 // Map
-MapFilter::MapFilter(std::initializer_list<Substitution> mappings) : mappings_(mappings) {}
+MapFilter::MapFilter(const std::initializer_list<Substitution> &mappings) : mappings_(mappings) {}
 
 optional<std::string> MapFilter::new_value(std::string value) {
   for (const auto &mapping : this->mappings_) {

esphome/components/text_sensor/filter.h

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ struct Substitution {
 /// A simple filter that replaces a substring with another substring
 class SubstituteFilter : public Filter {
  public:
-  explicit SubstituteFilter(std::initializer_list<Substitution> substitutions);
+  explicit SubstituteFilter(const std::initializer_list<Substitution> &substitutions);
   optional<std::string> new_value(std::string value) override;
 
  protected:
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ class SubstituteFilter : public Filter {
  */
 class MapFilter : public Filter {
  public:
-  explicit MapFilter(std::initializer_list<Substitution> mappings);
+  explicit MapFilter(const std::initializer_list<Substitution> &mappings);
   optional<std::string> new_value(std::string value) override;
 
  protected:

esphome/components/wifi/__init__.py

@@ -378,14 +378,18 @@ async def to_code(config):
     # Track if any network uses Enterprise authentication
     has_eap = False
 
-    def add_sta(ap, network):
-        ip_config = network.get(CONF_MANUAL_IP, config.get(CONF_MANUAL_IP))
-        cg.add(var.add_sta(wifi_network(network, ap, ip_config)))
+    # Build all WiFiAP objects
+    networks = config.get(CONF_NETWORKS, [])
+    if networks:
+        wifi_aps = []
+        for network in networks:
+            if CONF_EAP in network:
+                has_eap = True
+            ip_config = network.get(CONF_MANUAL_IP, config.get(CONF_MANUAL_IP))
+            wifi_aps.append(wifi_network(network, WiFiAP(), ip_config))
 
-    for network in config.get(CONF_NETWORKS, []):
-        if CONF_EAP in network:
-            has_eap = True
-        cg.with_local_variable(network[CONF_ID], WiFiAP(), add_sta, network)
+        # Set all WiFi networks at once
+        cg.add(var.set_stas(wifi_aps))
 
     if CONF_AP in config:
         conf = config[CONF_AP]

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.cpp

@@ -330,11 +330,8 @@ float WiFiComponent::get_loop_priority() const {
   return 10.0f;  // before other loop components
 }
 
-void WiFiComponent::add_sta(const WiFiAP &ap) { this->sta_.push_back(ap); }
-void WiFiComponent::set_sta(const WiFiAP &ap) {
-  this->clear_sta();
-  this->add_sta(ap);
-}
+void WiFiComponent::set_stas(const std::initializer_list<WiFiAP> &aps) { this->sta_ = aps; }
+void WiFiComponent::set_sta(const WiFiAP &ap) { this->set_stas({ap}); }
 void WiFiComponent::clear_sta() { this->sta_.clear(); }
 void WiFiComponent::save_wifi_sta(const std::string &ssid, const std::string &password) {
   SavedWifiSettings save{};  // zero-initialized - all bytes set to \0, guaranteeing null termination

esphome/components/wifi/wifi_component.h

@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
 
   void set_sta(const WiFiAP &ap);
   WiFiAP get_sta() { return this->selected_ap_; }
-  void add_sta(const WiFiAP &ap);
+  void set_stas(const std::initializer_list<WiFiAP> &aps);
   void clear_sta();
 
 #ifdef USE_WIFI_AP
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ class WiFiComponent : public Component {
 #endif
 
   std::string use_address_;
-  std::vector<WiFiAP> sta_;
+  FixedVector<WiFiAP> sta_;
   std::vector<WiFiSTAPriority> sta_priorities_;
   wifi_scan_vector_t<WiFiScanResult> scan_result_;
   WiFiAP selected_ap_;

esphome/const.py

@@ -471,6 +471,7 @@ CONF_IMPORT_REACTIVE_ENERGY = "import_reactive_energy"
 CONF_INC_PIN = "inc_pin"
 CONF_INCLUDE_INTERNAL = "include_internal"
 CONF_INCLUDES = "includes"
+CONF_INCLUDES_C = "includes_c"
 CONF_INDEX = "index"
 CONF_INDOOR = "indoor"
 CONF_INFRARED = "infrared"

esphome/core/__init__.py

@@ -709,15 +709,6 @@ class EsphomeCore:
     def relative_piolibdeps_path(self, *path: str | Path) -> Path:
         return self.relative_build_path(".piolibdeps", *path)
 
-    @property
-    def platformio_cache_dir(self) -> str:
-        """Get the PlatformIO cache directory path."""
-        # Check if running in Docker/HA addon with custom cache dir
-        if (cache_dir := os.environ.get("PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR")) and cache_dir.strip():
-            return cache_dir
-        # Default PlatformIO cache location
-        return os.path.expanduser("~/.platformio/.cache")
-
     @property
     def firmware_bin(self) -> Path:
         if self.is_libretiny:

esphome/core/config.py

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_FRIENDLY_NAME,
     CONF_ID,
     CONF_INCLUDES,
+    CONF_INCLUDES_C,
     CONF_LIBRARIES,
     CONF_MIN_VERSION,
     CONF_NAME,
@@ -227,6 +228,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
                 }
             ),
             cv.Optional(CONF_INCLUDES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(valid_include),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_INCLUDES_C, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(valid_include),
             cv.Optional(CONF_LIBRARIES, default=[]): cv.ensure_list(cv.string_strict),
             cv.Optional(CONF_NAME_ADD_MAC_SUFFIX, default=False): cv.boolean,
             cv.Optional(CONF_DEBUG_SCHEDULER, default=False): cv.boolean,
@@ -302,6 +304,17 @@ def _list_target_platforms():
     return target_platforms
 
 
+def _sort_includes_by_type(includes: list[str]) -> tuple[list[str], list[str]]:
+    system_includes = []
+    other_includes = []
+    for include in includes:
+        if include.startswith("<") and include.endswith(">"):
+            system_includes.append(include)
+        else:
+            other_includes.append(include)
+    return system_includes, other_includes
+
+
 def preload_core_config(config, result) -> str:
     with cv.prepend_path(CONF_ESPHOME):
         conf = PRELOAD_CONFIG_SCHEMA(config[CONF_ESPHOME])
@@ -339,7 +352,7 @@ def preload_core_config(config, result) -> str:
     return target_platforms[0]
 
 
-def include_file(path: Path, basename: Path):
+def include_file(path: Path, basename: Path, is_c_header: bool = False):
     parts = basename.parts
     dst = CORE.relative_src_path(*parts)
     copy_file_if_changed(path, dst)
@@ -347,7 +360,14 @@ def include_file(path: Path, basename: Path):
     ext = path.suffix
     if ext in [".h", ".hpp", ".tcc"]:
         # Header, add include statement
-        cg.add_global(cg.RawStatement(f'#include "{basename}"'))
+        if is_c_header:
+            # Wrap in extern "C" block for C headers
+            cg.add_global(
+                cg.RawStatement(f'extern "C" {{\n  #include "{basename}"\n}}')
+            )
+        else:
+            # Regular include
+            cg.add_global(cg.RawStatement(f'#include "{basename}"'))
 
 
 ARDUINO_GLUE_CODE = """\
@@ -377,7 +397,7 @@ async def add_arduino_global_workaround():
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
-async def add_includes(includes: list[str]) -> None:
+async def add_includes(includes: list[str], is_c_header: bool = False) -> None:
     # Add includes at the very end, so that the included files can access global variables
     for include in includes:
         path = CORE.relative_config_path(include)
@@ -385,11 +405,11 @@ async def add_includes(includes: list[str]) -> None:
             # Directory, copy tree
             for p in walk_files(path):
                 basename = p.relative_to(path.parent)
-                include_file(p, basename)
+                include_file(p, basename, is_c_header)
         else:
             # Copy file
             basename = Path(path.name)
-            include_file(path, basename)
+            include_file(path, basename, is_c_header)
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.FINAL)
@@ -494,19 +514,25 @@ async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
         CORE.add_job(add_arduino_global_workaround)
 
     if config[CONF_INCLUDES]:
-        # Get the <...> includes
-        system_includes = []
-        other_includes = []
-        for include in config[CONF_INCLUDES]:
-            if include.startswith("<") and include.endswith(">"):
-                system_includes.append(include)
-            else:
-                other_includes.append(include)
+        system_includes, other_includes = _sort_includes_by_type(config[CONF_INCLUDES])
         # <...> includes should be at the start
         for include in system_includes:
             cg.add_global(cg.RawStatement(f"#include {include}"), prepend=True)
         # Other includes should be at the end
-        CORE.add_job(add_includes, other_includes)
+        CORE.add_job(add_includes, other_includes, False)
+
+    if config[CONF_INCLUDES_C]:
+        system_includes, other_includes = _sort_includes_by_type(
+            config[CONF_INCLUDES_C]
+        )
+        # <...> includes should be at the start
+        for include in system_includes:
+            cg.add_global(
+                cg.RawStatement(f'extern "C" {{\n  #include {include}\n}}'),
+                prepend=True,
+            )
+        # Other includes should be at the end
+        CORE.add_job(add_includes, other_includes, True)
 
     if project_conf := config.get(CONF_PROJECT):
         cg.add_define("ESPHOME_PROJECT_NAME", project_conf[CONF_NAME])

esphome/core/defines.h

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@
 #define USE_GRAPHICAL_DISPLAY_MENU
 #define USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
 #define USE_HTTP_REQUEST_OTA_WATCHDOG_TIMEOUT 8000  // NOLINT
+#define USE_IMPROV_SERIAL_NEXT_URL
 #define USE_JSON
 #define USE_LIGHT
 #define USE_LOCK
@@ -186,6 +187,7 @@
 #define USE_ESP32_CAMERA_JPEG_ENCODER
 #define USE_I2C
 #define USE_IMPROV
+#define USE_ESP32_IMPROV_NEXT_URL
 #define USE_MICROPHONE
 #define USE_PSRAM
 #define USE_SOCKET_IMPL_BSD_SOCKETS

esphome/core/helpers.cpp

@@ -414,8 +414,10 @@ int8_t step_to_accuracy_decimals(float step) {
   return str.length() - dot_pos - 1;
 }
 
-// Store BASE64 characters as array - automatically placed in flash/ROM on embedded platforms
-static const char BASE64_CHARS[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+// Use C-style string constant to store in ROM instead of RAM (saves 24 bytes)
+static constexpr const char *BASE64_CHARS = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+                                            "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+                                            "0123456789+/";
 
 // Helper function to find the index of a base64 character in the lookup table.
 // Returns the character's position (0-63) if found, or 0 if not found.
@@ -425,8 +427,8 @@ static const char BASE64_CHARS[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqr
 // stops processing at the first invalid character due to the is_base64() check in its
 // while loop condition, making this edge case harmless in practice.
 static inline uint8_t base64_find_char(char c) {
-  const void *ptr = memchr(BASE64_CHARS, c, sizeof(BASE64_CHARS));
-  return ptr ? (static_cast<const char *>(ptr) - BASE64_CHARS) : 0;
+  const char *pos = strchr(BASE64_CHARS, c);
+  return pos ? (pos - BASE64_CHARS) : 0;
 }
 
 static inline bool is_base64(char c) { return (isalnum(c) || (c == '+') || (c == '/')); }

esphome/core/helpers.h

@@ -143,9 +143,6 @@ template<typename T, size_t N> class StaticVector {
   size_t size() const { return count_; }
   bool empty() const { return count_ == 0; }
 
-  // Direct access to size counter for efficient in-place construction
-  size_t &count() { return count_; }
-
   T &operator[](size_t i) { return data_[i]; }
   const T &operator[](size_t i) const { return data_[i]; }
 
@@ -197,12 +194,8 @@ template<typename T> class FixedVector {
     size_ = 0;
   }
 
- public:
-  FixedVector() = default;
-
-  /// Constructor from initializer list - allocates exact size needed
-  /// This enables brace initialization: FixedVector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
-  FixedVector(std::initializer_list<T> init_list) {
+  // Helper to assign from initializer list (shared by constructor and assignment operator)
+  void assign_from_initializer_list_(std::initializer_list<T> init_list) {
     init(init_list.size());
     size_t idx = 0;
     for (const auto &item : init_list) {
@@ -212,9 +205,17 @@ template<typename T> class FixedVector {
     size_ = init_list.size();
   }
 
+ public:
+  FixedVector() = default;
+
+  /// Constructor from initializer list - allocates exact size needed
+  /// This enables brace initialization: FixedVector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
+  FixedVector(std::initializer_list<T> init_list) { assign_from_initializer_list_(init_list); }
+
   ~FixedVector() { cleanup_(); }
 
   // Disable copy operations (avoid accidental expensive copies)
+  // Use copy_from() for explicit copying when needed (e.g., copy_select)
   FixedVector(const FixedVector &) = delete;
   FixedVector &operator=(const FixedVector &) = delete;
 
@@ -237,6 +238,28 @@ template<typename T> class FixedVector {
     return *this;
   }
 
+  /// Assignment from initializer list - avoids temporary and move overhead
+  /// This enables: FixedVector<int> v; v = {1, 2, 3};
+  FixedVector &operator=(std::initializer_list<T> init_list) {
+    cleanup_();
+    reset_();
+    assign_from_initializer_list_(init_list);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  /// Explicitly copy another FixedVector
+  /// This method exists instead of operator= to make copying intentional and visible.
+  /// Copying is expensive on embedded systems, so we require explicit opt-in.
+  /// Use cases: copy_select (copying source options), lvgl (copying widget options)
+  void copy_from(const FixedVector &other) {
+    cleanup_();
+    reset_();
+    init(other.size());
+    for (const auto &item : other) {
+      push_back(item);
+    }
+  }
+
   // Allocate capacity - can be called multiple times to reinit
   void init(size_t n) {
     cleanup_();
@@ -295,6 +318,11 @@ template<typename T> class FixedVector {
     return data_[size_ - 1];
   }
 
+  /// Access first element (no bounds checking - matches std::vector behavior)
+  /// Caller must ensure vector is not empty (size() > 0)
+  T &front() { return data_[0]; }
+  const T &front() const { return data_[0]; }
+
   /// Access last element (no bounds checking - matches std::vector behavior)
   /// Caller must ensure vector is not empty (size() > 0)
   T &back() { return data_[size_ - 1]; }
@@ -308,6 +336,12 @@ template<typename T> class FixedVector {
   T &operator[](size_t i) { return data_[i]; }
   const T &operator[](size_t i) const { return data_[i]; }
 
+  /// Access element with bounds checking (matches std::vector behavior)
+  /// Returns reference to element at index i
+  /// Behavior for out of bounds access matches std::vector::at() (undefined on embedded)
+  T &at(size_t i) { return data_[i]; }
+  const T &at(size_t i) const { return data_[i]; }
+
   // Iterator support for range-based for loops
   T *begin() { return data_; }
   T *end() { return data_ + size_; }

esphome/core/scheduler.h

@@ -95,9 +95,10 @@ class Scheduler {
     } name_;
     uint32_t interval;
     // Split time to handle millis() rollover. The scheduler combines the 32-bit millis()
-    // with a 16-bit rollover counter to create a 48-bit time space (stored as 64-bit
-    // for compatibility). With 49.7 days per 32-bit rollover, the 16-bit counter
-    // supports 49.7 days × 65536 = ~8900 years. This ensures correct scheduling
+    // with a 16-bit rollover counter to create a 48-bit time space (using 32+16 bits).
+    // This is intentionally limited to 48 bits, not stored as a full 64-bit value.
+    // With 49.7 days per 32-bit rollover, the 16-bit counter supports
+    // 49.7 days × 65536 = ~8900 years. This ensures correct scheduling
     // even when devices run for months. Split into two fields for better memory
     // alignment on 32-bit systems.
     uint32_t next_execution_low_;  // Lower 32 bits of execution time (millis value)

esphome/platformio_api.py

@@ -145,16 +145,7 @@ def run_compile(config, verbose):
     args = []
     if CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT in config[CONF_ESPHOME]:
         args += [f"-j{config[CONF_ESPHOME][CONF_COMPILE_PROCESS_LIMIT]}"]
-    result = run_platformio_cli_run(config, verbose, *args)
-
-    # Run memory analysis if enabled
-    if config.get(CONF_ESPHOME, {}).get("analyze_memory", False):
-        try:
-            analyze_memory_usage(config)
-        except Exception as e:
-            _LOGGER.warning("Failed to analyze memory usage: %s", e)
-
-    return result
+    return run_platformio_cli_run(config, verbose, *args)
 
 
 def _run_idedata(config):
@@ -403,74 +394,3 @@ class IDEData:
             if path.endswith(".exe")
             else f"{path[:-3]}readelf"
         )
-
-
-def analyze_memory_usage(config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
-    """Analyze memory usage by component after compilation."""
-    # Lazy import to avoid overhead when not needed
-    from esphome.analyze_memory.cli import MemoryAnalyzerCLI
-    from esphome.analyze_memory.helpers import get_esphome_components
-
-    idedata = get_idedata(config)
-
-    # Get paths to tools
-    elf_path = idedata.firmware_elf_path
-    objdump_path = idedata.objdump_path
-    readelf_path = idedata.readelf_path
-
-    # Debug logging
-    _LOGGER.debug("ELF path from idedata: %s", elf_path)
-
-    # Check if file exists
-    if not Path(elf_path).exists():
-        # Try alternate path
-        alt_path = Path(CORE.relative_build_path(".pioenvs", CORE.name, "firmware.elf"))
-        if alt_path.exists():
-            elf_path = str(alt_path)
-            _LOGGER.debug("Using alternate ELF path: %s", elf_path)
-        else:
-            _LOGGER.warning("ELF file not found at %s or %s", elf_path, alt_path)
-            return
-
-    # Extract external components from config
-    external_components = set()
-
-    # Get the list of built-in ESPHome components
-    builtin_components = get_esphome_components()
-
-    # Special non-component keys that appear in configs
-    NON_COMPONENT_KEYS = {
-        CONF_ESPHOME,
-        "substitutions",
-        "packages",
-        "globals",
-        "<<",
-    }
-
-    # Check all top-level keys in config
-    for key in config:
-        if key not in builtin_components and key not in NON_COMPONENT_KEYS:
-            # This is an external component
-            external_components.add(key)
-
-    _LOGGER.debug("Detected external components: %s", external_components)
-
-    # Create analyzer and run analysis
-    analyzer = MemoryAnalyzerCLI(
-        elf_path, objdump_path, readelf_path, external_components
-    )
-    analyzer.analyze()
-
-    # Generate and print report
-    report = analyzer.generate_report()
-    _LOGGER.info("\n%s", report)
-
-    # Optionally save to file
-    if config.get(CONF_ESPHOME, {}).get("memory_report_file"):
-        report_file = Path(config[CONF_ESPHOME]["memory_report_file"])
-        if report_file.suffix == ".json":
-            report_file.write_text(analyzer.to_json())
-            _LOGGER.info("Memory report saved to %s", report_file)
-        else:
-            report_file.write_text(report)
-            _LOGGER.info("Memory report saved to %s", report_file)

script/determine-jobs.py

@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ from enum import StrEnum
 from functools import cache
 import json
 import os
-from pathlib import Path
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from typing import Any
@@ -53,10 +52,14 @@ from helpers import (
     CPP_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
     PYTHON_FILE_EXTENSIONS,
     changed_files,
+    filter_component_files,
     get_all_dependencies,
+    get_changed_components,
     get_component_from_path,
     get_component_test_files,
     get_components_from_integration_fixtures,
+    get_components_with_dependencies,
+    git_ls_files,
     parse_test_filename,
     root_path,
 )
@@ -162,6 +165,26 @@ def should_run_integration_tests(branch: str | None = None) -> bool:
     return False
 
 
+@cache
+def _is_clang_tidy_full_scan() -> bool:
+    """Check if clang-tidy configuration changed (requires full scan).
+
+    Returns:
+        True if full scan is needed (hash changed), False otherwise.
+    """
+    try:
+        result = subprocess.run(
+            [os.path.join(root_path, "script", "clang_tidy_hash.py"), "--check"],
+            capture_output=True,
+            check=False,
+        )
+        # Exit 0 means hash changed (full scan needed)
+        return result.returncode == 0
+    except Exception:
+        # If hash check fails, run full scan to be safe
+        return True
+
+
 def should_run_clang_tidy(branch: str | None = None) -> bool:
     """Determine if clang-tidy should run based on changed files.
 
@@ -198,17 +221,7 @@ def should_run_clang_tidy(branch: str | None = None) -> bool:
         True if clang-tidy should run, False otherwise.
     """
     # First check if clang-tidy configuration changed (full scan needed)
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            [os.path.join(root_path, "script", "clang_tidy_hash.py"), "--check"],
-            capture_output=True,
-            check=False,
-        )
-        # Exit 0 means hash changed (full scan needed)
-        if result.returncode == 0:
-            return True
-    except Exception:
-        # If hash check fails, run clang-tidy to be safe
+    if _is_clang_tidy_full_scan():
         return True
 
     # Check if .clang-tidy.hash file itself was changed
@@ -550,16 +563,29 @@ def main() -> None:
     run_python_linters = should_run_python_linters(args.branch)
     changed_cpp_file_count = count_changed_cpp_files(args.branch)
 
-    # Get both directly changed and all changed components (with dependencies) in one call
-    script_path = Path(__file__).parent / "list-components.py"
-    cmd = [sys.executable, str(script_path), "--changed-with-deps"]
-    if args.branch:
-        cmd.extend(["-b", args.branch])
+    # Get changed components
+    # get_changed_components() returns:
+    #   None: Core files changed (need full scan)
+    #   []: No components changed
+    #   [list]: Changed components (already includes dependencies)
+    changed_components_result = get_changed_components()
 
-    result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True, check=True)
-    component_data = json.loads(result.stdout)
-    directly_changed_components = component_data["directly_changed"]
-    changed_components = component_data["all_changed"]
+    if changed_components_result is None:
+        # Core files changed - will trigger full clang-tidy scan
+        # No specific components to test
+        changed_components = []
+        directly_changed_components = []
+        is_core_change = True
+    else:
+        # Get both directly changed and all changed (with dependencies)
+        changed = changed_files(args.branch)
+        component_files = [f for f in changed if filter_component_files(f)]
+
+        directly_changed_components = get_components_with_dependencies(
+            component_files, False
+        )
+        changed_components = get_components_with_dependencies(component_files, True)
+        is_core_change = False
 
     # Filter to only components that have test files
     # Components without tests shouldn't generate CI test jobs
@@ -570,11 +596,11 @@ def main() -> None:
     # Get directly changed components with tests (for isolated testing)
     # These will be tested WITHOUT --testing-mode in CI to enable full validation
     # (pin conflicts, etc.) since they contain the actual changes being reviewed
-    directly_changed_with_tests = [
+    directly_changed_with_tests = {
         component
         for component in directly_changed_components
         if _component_has_tests(component)
-    ]
+    }
 
     # Get dependency-only components (for grouped testing)
     dependency_only_components = [
@@ -586,13 +612,38 @@ def main() -> None:
     # Detect components for memory impact analysis (merged config)
     memory_impact = detect_memory_impact_config(args.branch)
 
+    # Determine clang-tidy mode based on actual files that will be checked
     if run_clang_tidy:
-        if changed_cpp_file_count < CLANG_TIDY_SPLIT_THRESHOLD:
-            clang_tidy_mode = "nosplit"
-        else:
+        # Full scan needed if: hash changed OR core files changed
+        is_full_scan = _is_clang_tidy_full_scan() or is_core_change
+
+        if is_full_scan:
+            # Full scan checks all files - always use split mode for efficiency
             clang_tidy_mode = "split"
+            files_to_check_count = -1  # Sentinel value for "all files"
+        else:
+            # Targeted scan - calculate actual files that will be checked
+            # This accounts for component dependencies, not just directly changed files
+            if changed_components:
+                # Count C++ files in all changed components (including dependencies)
+                all_cpp_files = list(git_ls_files(["*.cpp"]).keys())
+                component_set = set(changed_components)
+                files_to_check_count = sum(
+                    1
+                    for f in all_cpp_files
+                    if get_component_from_path(f) in component_set
+                )
+            else:
+                # If no components changed, use the simple count of changed C++ files
+                files_to_check_count = changed_cpp_file_count
+
+            if files_to_check_count < CLANG_TIDY_SPLIT_THRESHOLD:
+                clang_tidy_mode = "nosplit"
+            else:
+                clang_tidy_mode = "split"
     else:
         clang_tidy_mode = "disabled"
+        files_to_check_count = 0
 
     # Build output
     output: dict[str, Any] = {
@@ -603,7 +654,7 @@ def main() -> None:
         "python_linters": run_python_linters,
         "changed_components": changed_components,
         "changed_components_with_tests": changed_components_with_tests,
-        "directly_changed_components_with_tests": directly_changed_with_tests,
+        "directly_changed_components_with_tests": list(directly_changed_with_tests),
         "dependency_only_components_with_tests": dependency_only_components,
         "component_test_count": len(changed_components_with_tests),
         "directly_changed_count": len(directly_changed_with_tests),

script/helpers.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
 from functools import cache
 import json
 import os
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ import os.path
 from pathlib import Path
 import re
 import subprocess
+import sys
 import time
 from typing import Any
 
@@ -304,7 +306,10 @@ def get_changed_components() -> list[str] | None:
         for f in changed
     )
     if core_cpp_changed:
-        print("Core C++/header files changed - will run full clang-tidy scan")
+        print(
+            "Core C++/header files changed - will run full clang-tidy scan",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
         return None
 
     # Use list-components.py to get changed components
@@ -318,7 +323,10 @@ def get_changed_components() -> list[str] | None:
         return parse_list_components_output(result.stdout)
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
         # If the script fails, fall back to full scan
-        print("Could not determine changed components - will run full clang-tidy scan")
+        print(
+            "Could not determine changed components - will run full clang-tidy scan",
+            file=sys.stderr,
+        )
         return None
 
 
@@ -370,14 +378,14 @@ def _filter_changed_ci(files: list[str]) -> list[str]:
             if f in changed and not f.startswith(ESPHOME_COMPONENTS_PATH)
         ]
         if not files:
-            print("No files changed")
+            print("No files changed", file=sys.stderr)
         return files
 
     # Scenario 3: Specific components changed
     # Action: Check ALL files in each changed component
     # Convert component list to set for O(1) lookups
     component_set = set(components)
-    print(f"Changed components: {', '.join(sorted(components))}")
+    print(f"Changed components: {', '.join(sorted(components))}", file=sys.stderr)
 
     # The 'files' parameter contains ALL files in the codebase that clang-tidy would check.
     # We filter this down to only files in the changed components.
@@ -648,3 +656,220 @@ def get_components_from_integration_fixtures() -> set[str]:
                     components.add(item["platform"])
 
     return components
+
+
+def filter_component_files(file_path: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if a file path is a component file.
+
+    Args:
+        file_path: Path to check
+
+    Returns:
+        True if the file is in a component directory
+    """
+    return file_path.startswith("esphome/components/") or file_path.startswith(
+        "tests/components/"
+    )
+
+
+def extract_component_names_from_files(files: list[str]) -> list[str]:
+    """Extract unique component names from a list of file paths.
+
+    Args:
+        files: List of file paths
+
+    Returns:
+        List of unique component names (preserves order)
+    """
+    return list(
+        dict.fromkeys(comp for file in files if (comp := get_component_from_path(file)))
+    )
+
+
+def add_item_to_components_graph(
+    components_graph: dict[str, list[str]], parent: str, child: str
+) -> None:
+    """Add a dependency relationship to the components graph.
+
+    Args:
+        components_graph: Graph mapping parent components to their children
+        parent: Parent component name
+        child: Child component name (dependent)
+    """
+    if not parent.startswith("__") and parent != child:
+        if parent not in components_graph:
+            components_graph[parent] = []
+        if child not in components_graph[parent]:
+            components_graph[parent].append(child)
+
+
+def resolve_auto_load(
+    auto_load: list[str] | Callable[[], list[str]] | Callable[[dict | None], list[str]],
+    config: dict | None = None,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Resolve AUTO_LOAD to a list, handling callables with or without config parameter.
+
+    Args:
+        auto_load: The AUTO_LOAD value (list or callable)
+        config: Optional config to pass to callable AUTO_LOAD functions
+
+    Returns:
+        List of component names to auto-load
+    """
+    if not callable(auto_load):
+        return auto_load
+
+    import inspect
+
+    if inspect.signature(auto_load).parameters:
+        return auto_load(config)
+    return auto_load()
+
+
+def create_components_graph() -> dict[str, list[str]]:
+    """Create a graph of component dependencies.
+
+    Returns:
+        Dictionary mapping parent components to their children (dependencies)
+    """
+    from pathlib import Path
+
+    from esphome import const
+    from esphome.core import CORE
+    from esphome.loader import ComponentManifest, get_component, get_platform
+
+    # The root directory of the repo
+    root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
+    components_dir = root / "esphome" / "components"
+    # Fake some directory so that get_component works
+    CORE.config_path = root
+    # Various configuration to capture different outcomes used by `AUTO_LOAD` function.
+    KEY_CORE = const.KEY_CORE
+    KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK = const.KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK
+    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM = const.KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM
+    PLATFORM_ESP32 = const.PLATFORM_ESP32
+    PLATFORM_ESP8266 = const.PLATFORM_ESP8266
+
+    TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS = [
+        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: None, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: None},
+        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "arduino", KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: None},
+        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "esp-idf", KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: None},
+        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: None, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32},
+        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: None, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP8266},
+    ]
+    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS[0]
+
+    components_graph = {}
+    platforms = []
+    components: list[tuple[ComponentManifest, str, Path]] = []
+
+    for path in components_dir.iterdir():
+        if not path.is_dir():
+            continue
+        if not (path / "__init__.py").is_file():
+            continue
+        name = path.name
+        comp = get_component(name)
+        if comp is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"Cannot find component {name}. Make sure current path is pip installed ESPHome"
+            )
+
+        components.append((comp, name, path))
+        if comp.is_platform_component:
+            platforms.append(name)
+
+    platforms = set(platforms)
+
+    for comp, name, path in components:
+        for dependency in comp.dependencies:
+            add_item_to_components_graph(
+                components_graph, dependency.split(".")[0], name
+            )
+
+        for target_config in TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS:
+            CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = target_config
+            for item in resolve_auto_load(comp.auto_load, config=None):
+                add_item_to_components_graph(components_graph, item, name)
+        # restore config
+        CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS[0]
+
+        for platform_path in path.iterdir():
+            platform_name = platform_path.stem
+            if platform_name == name or platform_name not in platforms:
+                continue
+            platform = get_platform(platform_name, name)
+            if platform is None:
+                continue
+
+            add_item_to_components_graph(components_graph, platform_name, name)
+
+            for dependency in platform.dependencies:
+                add_item_to_components_graph(
+                    components_graph, dependency.split(".")[0], name
+                )
+
+            for target_config in TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS:
+                CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = target_config
+                for item in resolve_auto_load(platform.auto_load, config={}):
+                    add_item_to_components_graph(components_graph, item, name)
+            # restore config
+            CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS[0]
+
+    return components_graph
+
+
+def find_children_of_component(
+    components_graph: dict[str, list[str]], component_name: str, depth: int = 0
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Find all components that depend on the given component (recursively).
+
+    Args:
+        components_graph: Graph mapping parent components to their children
+        component_name: Component name to find children for
+        depth: Current recursion depth (max 10)
+
+    Returns:
+        List of all dependent component names (may contain duplicates removed at end)
+    """
+    if component_name not in components_graph:
+        return []
+
+    children = []
+
+    for child in components_graph[component_name]:
+        children.append(child)
+        if depth < 10:
+            children.extend(
+                find_children_of_component(components_graph, child, depth + 1)
+            )
+    # Remove duplicate values
+    return list(set(children))
+
+
+def get_components_with_dependencies(
+    files: list[str], get_dependencies: bool = False
+) -> list[str]:
+    """Get component names from files, optionally including their dependencies.
+
+    Args:
+        files: List of file paths
+        get_dependencies: If True, include all dependent components
+
+    Returns:
+        Sorted list of component names
+    """
+    components = extract_component_names_from_files(files)
+
+    if get_dependencies:
+        components_graph = create_components_graph()
+
+        all_components = components.copy()
+        for c in components:
+            all_components.extend(find_children_of_component(components_graph, c))
+        # Remove duplicate values
+        all_changed_components = list(set(all_components))
+
+        return sorted(all_changed_components)
+
+    return sorted(components)

script/list-components.py

@@ -1,24 +1,12 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 import argparse
-from collections.abc import Callable
-from pathlib import Path
-import sys
 
-from helpers import changed_files, get_component_from_path, git_ls_files
-
-from esphome.const import (
-    KEY_CORE,
-    KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK,
-    KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM,
-    PLATFORM_ESP32,
-    PLATFORM_ESP8266,
+from helpers import (
+    changed_files,
+    filter_component_files,
+    get_components_with_dependencies,
+    git_ls_files,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
-from esphome.loader import ComponentManifest, get_component, get_platform
-
-
-def filter_component_files(str):
-    return str.startswith("esphome/components/") | str.startswith("tests/components/")
 
 
 def get_all_component_files() -> list[str]:
@@ -27,156 +15,6 @@ def get_all_component_files() -> list[str]:
     return list(filter(filter_component_files, files))
 
 
-def extract_component_names_array_from_files_array(files):
-    components = []
-    for file in files:
-        component_name = get_component_from_path(file)
-        if component_name and component_name not in components:
-            components.append(component_name)
-    return components
-
-
-def add_item_to_components_graph(components_graph, parent, child):
-    if not parent.startswith("__") and parent != child:
-        if parent not in components_graph:
-            components_graph[parent] = []
-        if child not in components_graph[parent]:
-            components_graph[parent].append(child)
-
-
-def resolve_auto_load(
-    auto_load: list[str] | Callable[[], list[str]] | Callable[[dict | None], list[str]],
-    config: dict | None = None,
-) -> list[str]:
-    """Resolve AUTO_LOAD to a list, handling callables with or without config parameter.
-
-    Args:
-        auto_load: The AUTO_LOAD value (list or callable)
-        config: Optional config to pass to callable AUTO_LOAD functions
-
-    Returns:
-        List of component names to auto-load
-    """
-    if not callable(auto_load):
-        return auto_load
-
-    import inspect
-
-    if inspect.signature(auto_load).parameters:
-        return auto_load(config)
-    return auto_load()
-
-
-def create_components_graph():
-    # The root directory of the repo
-    root = Path(__file__).parent.parent
-    components_dir = root / "esphome" / "components"
-    # Fake some directory so that get_component works
-    CORE.config_path = root
-    # Various configuration to capture different outcomes used by `AUTO_LOAD` function.
-    TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS = [
-        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: None, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: None},
-        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "arduino", KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: None},
-        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: "esp-idf", KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: None},
-        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: None, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP32},
-        {KEY_TARGET_FRAMEWORK: None, KEY_TARGET_PLATFORM: PLATFORM_ESP8266},
-    ]
-    CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS[0]
-
-    components_graph = {}
-    platforms = []
-    components: list[tuple[ComponentManifest, str, Path]] = []
-
-    for path in components_dir.iterdir():
-        if not path.is_dir():
-            continue
-        if not (path / "__init__.py").is_file():
-            continue
-        name = path.name
-        comp = get_component(name)
-        if comp is None:
-            print(
-                f"Cannot find component {name}. Make sure current path is pip installed ESPHome"
-            )
-            sys.exit(1)
-
-        components.append((comp, name, path))
-        if comp.is_platform_component:
-            platforms.append(name)
-
-    platforms = set(platforms)
-
-    for comp, name, path in components:
-        for dependency in comp.dependencies:
-            add_item_to_components_graph(
-                components_graph, dependency.split(".")[0], name
-            )
-
-        for target_config in TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS:
-            CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = target_config
-            for item in resolve_auto_load(comp.auto_load, config=None):
-                add_item_to_components_graph(components_graph, item, name)
-        # restore config
-        CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS[0]
-
-        for platform_path in path.iterdir():
-            platform_name = platform_path.stem
-            if platform_name == name or platform_name not in platforms:
-                continue
-            platform = get_platform(platform_name, name)
-            if platform is None:
-                continue
-
-            add_item_to_components_graph(components_graph, platform_name, name)
-
-            for dependency in platform.dependencies:
-                add_item_to_components_graph(
-                    components_graph, dependency.split(".")[0], name
-                )
-
-            for target_config in TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS:
-                CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = target_config
-                for item in resolve_auto_load(platform.auto_load, config={}):
-                    add_item_to_components_graph(components_graph, item, name)
-            # restore config
-            CORE.data[KEY_CORE] = TARGET_CONFIGURATIONS[0]
-
-    return components_graph
-
-
-def find_children_of_component(components_graph, component_name, depth=0):
-    if component_name not in components_graph:
-        return []
-
-    children = []
-
-    for child in components_graph[component_name]:
-        children.append(child)
-        if depth < 10:
-            children.extend(
-                find_children_of_component(components_graph, child, depth + 1)
-            )
-    # Remove duplicate values
-    return list(set(children))
-
-
-def get_components(files: list[str], get_dependencies: bool = False):
-    components = extract_component_names_array_from_files_array(files)
-
-    if get_dependencies:
-        components_graph = create_components_graph()
-
-        all_components = components.copy()
-        for c in components:
-            all_components.extend(find_children_of_component(components_graph, c))
-        # Remove duplicate values
-        all_changed_components = list(set(all_components))
-
-        return sorted(all_changed_components)
-
-    return sorted(components)
-
-
 def main():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -251,8 +89,8 @@ def main():
         # Return JSON with both directly changed and all changed components
         import json
 
-        directly_changed = get_components(files, False)
-        all_changed = get_components(files, True)
+        directly_changed = get_components_with_dependencies(files, False)
+        all_changed = get_components_with_dependencies(files, True)
         output = {
             "directly_changed": directly_changed,
             "all_changed": all_changed,
@@ -260,11 +98,11 @@ def main():
         print(json.dumps(output))
     elif args.changed_direct:
         # Return only directly changed components (without dependencies)
-        for c in get_components(files, False):
+        for c in get_components_with_dependencies(files, False):
             print(c)
     else:
         # Return all changed components (with dependencies) - default behavior
-        for c in get_components(files, args.changed):
+        for c in get_components_with_dependencies(files, args.changed):
             print(c)
 
 

script/test_build_components.py

@@ -966,11 +966,33 @@ def test_components(
     # Find all component tests
     all_tests = {}
     for pattern in component_patterns:
+        # Skip empty patterns (happens when components list is empty string)
+        if not pattern:
+            continue
         all_tests.update(find_component_tests(tests_dir, pattern, base_only))
 
+    # If no components found, build a reference configuration for baseline comparison
+    # Create a synthetic "empty" component test that will build just the base config
     if not all_tests:
         print(f"No components found matching: {component_patterns}")
-        return 1
+        print(
+            "Building reference configuration with no components for baseline comparison..."
+        )
+
+        # Create empty test files for each platform (or filtered platform)
+        reference_tests: list[Path] = []
+        for platform_name, base_file in platform_bases.items():
+            if platform_filter and not platform_name.startswith(platform_filter):
+                continue
+            # Create an empty test file named to match the platform
+            empty_test_file = build_dir / f"reference.{platform_name}.yaml"
+            empty_test_file.write_text(
+                "# Empty component test for baseline reference\n"
+            )
+            reference_tests.append(empty_test_file)
+
+        # Add to all_tests dict with component name "reference"
+        all_tests["reference"] = reference_tests
 
     print(f"Found {len(all_tests)} components to test")
 

tests/components/binary_sensor/common.yaml

@@ -37,3 +37,36 @@ binary_sensor:
             format: "New state is %s"
             args: ['x.has_value() ? ONOFF(x) : "Unknown"']
         - binary_sensor.invalidate_state: some_binary_sensor
+
+  # Test autorepeat with default configuration (no timings)
+  - platform: template
+    id: autorepeat_default
+    name: "Autorepeat Default"
+    filters:
+      - autorepeat:
+
+  # Test autorepeat with single timing entry
+  - platform: template
+    id: autorepeat_single
+    name: "Autorepeat Single"
+    filters:
+      - autorepeat:
+          - delay: 2s
+            time_off: 200ms
+            time_on: 800ms
+
+  # Test autorepeat with three timing entries
+  - platform: template
+    id: autorepeat_multiple
+    name: "Autorepeat Multiple"
+    filters:
+      - autorepeat:
+          - delay: 500ms
+            time_off: 50ms
+            time_on: 950ms
+          - delay: 2s
+            time_off: 100ms
+            time_on: 900ms
+          - delay: 10s
+            time_off: 200ms
+            time_on: 800ms

tests/components/sensor/common.yaml

@@ -173,3 +173,66 @@ sensor:
           timeout: 1000ms
           value: [42.0]
       - multiply: 2.0
+
+  # CalibrateLinearFilter - piecewise linear calibration
+  - platform: copy
+    source_id: source_sensor
+    name: "Calibrate Linear Two Points"
+    filters:
+      - calibrate_linear:
+          - 0.0 -> 0.0
+          - 100.0 -> 100.0
+
+  - platform: copy
+    source_id: source_sensor
+    name: "Calibrate Linear Multiple Segments"
+    filters:
+      - calibrate_linear:
+          - 0.0 -> 0.0
+          - 50.0 -> 55.0
+          - 100.0 -> 102.5
+
+  - platform: copy
+    source_id: source_sensor
+    name: "Calibrate Linear Least Squares"
+    filters:
+      - calibrate_linear:
+          method: least_squares
+          datapoints:
+            - 0.0 -> 0.0
+            - 50.0 -> 55.0
+            - 100.0 -> 102.5
+
+  # CalibratePolynomialFilter - polynomial calibration
+  - platform: copy
+    source_id: source_sensor
+    name: "Calibrate Polynomial Degree 2"
+    filters:
+      - calibrate_polynomial:
+          degree: 2
+          datapoints:
+            - 0.0 -> 0.0
+            - 50.0 -> 55.0
+            - 100.0 -> 102.5
+
+  - platform: copy
+    source_id: source_sensor
+    name: "Calibrate Polynomial Degree 3"
+    filters:
+      - calibrate_polynomial:
+          degree: 3
+          datapoints:
+            - 0.0 -> 0.0
+            - 25.0 -> 26.0
+            - 50.0 -> 55.0
+            - 100.0 -> 102.5
+
+  # OrFilter - filter branching
+  - platform: copy
+    source_id: source_sensor
+    name: "Or Filter with Multiple Branches"
+    filters:
+      - or:
+          - multiply: 2.0
+          - offset: 10.0
+          - lambda: return x * 3.0;

tests/components/template/common-base.yaml

@@ -101,6 +101,9 @@ sensor:
       - filter_out: 10
       - filter_out: !lambda return NAN;
       - heartbeat: 5s
+      - heartbeat:
+          period: 5s
+          optimistic: true
       - lambda: return x * (9.0/5.0) + 32.0;
       - max:
           window_size: 10

tests/components/wifi/common.yaml

@@ -12,5 +12,8 @@ esphome:
             - logger.log: "Failed to connect to WiFi!"
 
 wifi:
-  ssid: MySSID
-  password: password1
+  networks:
+    - ssid: MySSID
+      password: password1
+    - ssid: MySSID2
+      password: password2

tests/integration/fixtures/host_mode_climate_basic_state.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+esphome:
+  name: host-climate-test
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+
+climate:
+  - platform: thermostat
+    id: dual_mode_thermostat
+    name: Dual-mode Thermostat
+    sensor: host_thermostat_temperature_sensor
+    humidity_sensor: host_thermostat_humidity_sensor
+    humidity_hysteresis: 1.0
+    min_cooling_off_time: 20s
+    min_cooling_run_time: 20s
+    max_cooling_run_time: 30s
+    supplemental_cooling_delta: 3.0
+    min_heating_off_time: 20s
+    min_heating_run_time: 20s
+    max_heating_run_time: 30s
+    supplemental_heating_delta: 3.0
+    min_fanning_off_time: 20s
+    min_fanning_run_time: 20s
+    min_idle_time: 10s
+    visual:
+      min_humidity: 20%
+      max_humidity: 70%
+      min_temperature: 15.0
+      max_temperature: 32.0
+      temperature_step: 0.1
+    default_preset: home
+    preset:
+      - name: "away"
+        default_target_temperature_low: 18.0
+        default_target_temperature_high: 24.0
+      - name: "home"
+        default_target_temperature_low: 18.0
+        default_target_temperature_high: 24.0
+    auto_mode:
+      - logger.log: "AUTO mode set"
+    heat_cool_mode:
+      - logger.log: "HEAT_COOL mode set"
+    cool_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: air_cond
+    supplemental_cooling_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: air_cond_2
+    heat_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: heater
+    supplemental_heating_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: heater_2
+    dry_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: air_cond
+    fan_only_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: fan_only
+    idle_action:
+      - switch.turn_off: air_cond
+      - switch.turn_off: air_cond_2
+      - switch.turn_off: heater
+      - switch.turn_off: heater_2
+      - switch.turn_off: fan_only
+    humidity_control_humidify_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: humidifier
+    humidity_control_off_action:
+      - switch.turn_off: humidifier
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: host_thermostat_humidity_sensor
+    unit_of_measurement: °C
+    accuracy_decimals: 2
+    state_class: measurement
+    force_update: true
+    lambda: return 42.0;
+    update_interval: 0.1s
+  - platform: template
+    id: host_thermostat_temperature_sensor
+    unit_of_measurement: °C
+    accuracy_decimals: 2
+    state_class: measurement
+    force_update: true
+    lambda: return 22.0;
+    update_interval: 0.1s
+
+switch:
+  - platform: template
+    id: air_cond
+    name: Air Conditioner
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: air_cond_2
+    name: Air Conditioner 2
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: fan_only
+    name: Fan
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: heater
+    name: Heater
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: heater_2
+    name: Heater 2
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: dehumidifier
+    name: Dehumidifier
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: humidifier
+    name: Humidifier
+    optimistic: true

tests/integration/fixtures/host_mode_climate_control.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+esphome:
+  name: host-climate-test
+host:
+api:
+logger:
+
+climate:
+  - platform: thermostat
+    id: dual_mode_thermostat
+    name: Dual-mode Thermostat
+    sensor: host_thermostat_temperature_sensor
+    humidity_sensor: host_thermostat_humidity_sensor
+    humidity_hysteresis: 1.0
+    min_cooling_off_time: 20s
+    min_cooling_run_time: 20s
+    max_cooling_run_time: 30s
+    supplemental_cooling_delta: 3.0
+    min_heating_off_time: 20s
+    min_heating_run_time: 20s
+    max_heating_run_time: 30s
+    supplemental_heating_delta: 3.0
+    min_fanning_off_time: 20s
+    min_fanning_run_time: 20s
+    min_idle_time: 10s
+    visual:
+      min_humidity: 20%
+      max_humidity: 70%
+      min_temperature: 15.0
+      max_temperature: 32.0
+      temperature_step: 0.1
+    default_preset: home
+    preset:
+      - name: "away"
+        default_target_temperature_low: 18.0
+        default_target_temperature_high: 24.0
+      - name: "home"
+        default_target_temperature_low: 18.0
+        default_target_temperature_high: 24.0
+    auto_mode:
+      - logger.log: "AUTO mode set"
+    heat_cool_mode:
+      - logger.log: "HEAT_COOL mode set"
+    cool_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: air_cond
+    supplemental_cooling_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: air_cond_2
+    heat_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: heater
+    supplemental_heating_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: heater_2
+    dry_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: air_cond
+    fan_only_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: fan_only
+    idle_action:
+      - switch.turn_off: air_cond
+      - switch.turn_off: air_cond_2
+      - switch.turn_off: heater
+      - switch.turn_off: heater_2
+      - switch.turn_off: fan_only
+    humidity_control_humidify_action:
+      - switch.turn_on: humidifier
+    humidity_control_off_action:
+      - switch.turn_off: humidifier
+
+sensor:
+  - platform: template
+    id: host_thermostat_humidity_sensor
+    unit_of_measurement: °C
+    accuracy_decimals: 2
+    state_class: measurement
+    force_update: true
+    lambda: return 42.0;
+    update_interval: 0.1s
+  - platform: template
+    id: host_thermostat_temperature_sensor
+    unit_of_measurement: °C
+    accuracy_decimals: 2
+    state_class: measurement
+    force_update: true
+    lambda: return 22.0;
+    update_interval: 0.1s
+
+switch:
+  - platform: template
+    id: air_cond
+    name: Air Conditioner
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: air_cond_2
+    name: Air Conditioner 2
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: fan_only
+    name: Fan
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: heater
+    name: Heater
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: heater_2
+    name: Heater 2
+    optimistic: true
+  - platform: template
+    id: humidifier
+    name: Humidifier
+    optimistic: true

tests/integration/fixtures/host_mode_many_entities.yaml

@@ -210,7 +210,15 @@ sensor:
     name: "Test Sensor 50"
     lambda: return 50.0;
     update_interval: 0.1s
-  # Temperature sensor for the thermostat
+  # Sensors for the thermostat
+  - platform: template
+    name: "Humidity Sensor"
+    id: humidity_sensor
+    lambda: return 35.0;
+    unit_of_measurement: "%"
+    device_class: humidity
+    state_class: measurement
+    update_interval: 5s
   - platform: template
     name: "Temperature Sensor"
     id: temp_sensor
@@ -295,6 +303,11 @@ valve:
       - logger.log: "Valve stopping"
 
 output:
+  - platform: template
+    id: humidifier_output
+    type: binary
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log: "Humidifier output changed"
   - platform: template
     id: heater_output
     type: binary
@@ -305,18 +318,31 @@ output:
     type: binary
     write_action:
       - logger.log: "Cooler output changed"
+  - platform: template
+    id: fan_output
+    type: binary
+    write_action:
+      - logger.log: "Fan output changed"
 
 climate:
   - platform: thermostat
     name: "Test Thermostat"
     sensor: temp_sensor
+    humidity_sensor: humidity_sensor
     default_preset: Home
     on_boot_restore_from: default_preset
     min_heating_off_time: 1s
     min_heating_run_time: 1s
     min_cooling_off_time: 1s
     min_cooling_run_time: 1s
+    min_fan_mode_switching_time: 1s
     min_idle_time: 1s
+    visual:
+      min_humidity: 20%
+      max_humidity: 70%
+      min_temperature: 15.0
+      max_temperature: 32.0
+      temperature_step: 0.1
     heat_action:
       - output.turn_on: heater_output
     cool_action:
@@ -324,6 +350,14 @@ climate:
     idle_action:
       - output.turn_off: heater_output
       - output.turn_off: cooler_output
+    humidity_control_humidify_action:
+      - output.turn_on: humidifier_output
+    humidity_control_off_action:
+      - output.turn_off: humidifier_output
+    fan_mode_auto_action:
+      - output.turn_off: fan_output
+    fan_mode_on_action:
+      - output.turn_on: fan_output
     preset:
       - name: Home
         default_target_temperature_low: 20

tests/integration/test_host_mode_climate_basic_state.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""Integration test for Host mode with climate."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+import aioesphomeapi
+from aioesphomeapi import ClimateAction, ClimateMode, ClimatePreset, EntityState
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_host_mode_climate_basic_state(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test basic climate state reporting."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        states: dict[int, EntityState] = {}
+        climate_future: asyncio.Future[EntityState] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            states[state.key] = state
+            if (
+                isinstance(state, aioesphomeapi.ClimateState)
+                and not climate_future.done()
+            ):
+                climate_future.set_result(state)
+
+        client.subscribe_states(on_state)
+
+        try:
+            climate_state = await asyncio.wait_for(climate_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Climate state not received within 5 seconds")
+
+        assert isinstance(climate_state, aioesphomeapi.ClimateState)
+        assert climate_state.mode == ClimateMode.OFF
+        assert climate_state.action == ClimateAction.OFF
+        assert climate_state.current_temperature == 22.0
+        assert climate_state.target_temperature_low == 18.0
+        assert climate_state.target_temperature_high == 24.0
+        assert climate_state.preset == ClimatePreset.HOME
+        assert climate_state.current_humidity == 42.0
+        assert climate_state.target_humidity == 20.0

tests/integration/test_host_mode_climate_control.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""Integration test for Host mode with climate."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+
+import aioesphomeapi
+from aioesphomeapi import ClimateInfo, ClimateMode, EntityState
+import pytest
+
+from .state_utils import InitialStateHelper
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_host_mode_climate_control(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test climate mode control."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+    async with run_compiled(yaml_config), api_client_connected() as client:
+        states: dict[int, EntityState] = {}
+        climate_future: asyncio.Future[EntityState] = loop.create_future()
+
+        def on_state(state: EntityState) -> None:
+            states[state.key] = state
+            if (
+                isinstance(state, aioesphomeapi.ClimateState)
+                and state.mode == ClimateMode.HEAT
+                and state.target_temperature_low == 21.5
+                and state.target_temperature_high == 26.5
+                and not climate_future.done()
+            ):
+                climate_future.set_result(state)
+
+        # Get entities and set up state synchronization
+        entities, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+        initial_state_helper = InitialStateHelper(entities)
+        climate_infos = [e for e in entities if isinstance(e, ClimateInfo)]
+        assert len(climate_infos) >= 1, "Expected at least 1 climate entity"
+
+        # Subscribe with the wrapper that filters initial states
+        client.subscribe_states(initial_state_helper.on_state_wrapper(on_state))
+
+        # Wait for all initial states to be broadcast
+        try:
+            await initial_state_helper.wait_for_initial_states()
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Timeout waiting for initial states")
+
+        test_climate = next(
+            (c for c in climate_infos if c.name == "Dual-mode Thermostat"), None
+        )
+        assert test_climate is not None, (
+            "Dual-mode Thermostat thermostat climate not found"
+        )
+
+        # Adjust setpoints
+        client.climate_command(
+            test_climate.key,
+            mode=ClimateMode.HEAT,
+            target_temperature_low=21.5,
+            target_temperature_high=26.5,
+        )
+
+        try:
+            climate_state = await asyncio.wait_for(climate_future, timeout=5.0)
+        except TimeoutError:
+            pytest.fail("Climate state not received within 5 seconds")
+
+        assert isinstance(climate_state, aioesphomeapi.ClimateState)
+        assert climate_state.mode == ClimateMode.HEAT
+        assert climate_state.target_temperature_low == 21.5
+        assert climate_state.target_temperature_high == 26.5

tests/integration/test_host_mode_many_entities.py

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 
 from aioesphomeapi import (
+    ClimateFanMode,
+    ClimateFeature,
     ClimateInfo,
+    ClimateMode,
     DateInfo,
     DateState,
     DateTimeInfo,
@@ -121,6 +124,46 @@ async def test_host_mode_many_entities(
         assert len(climate_infos) >= 1, "Expected at least 1 climate entity"
 
         climate_info = climate_infos[0]
+
+        # Verify feature flags set as expected
+        assert climate_info.feature_flags == (
+            ClimateFeature.SUPPORTS_ACTION
+            | ClimateFeature.SUPPORTS_CURRENT_HUMIDITY
+            | ClimateFeature.SUPPORTS_CURRENT_TEMPERATURE
+            | ClimateFeature.SUPPORTS_TWO_POINT_TARGET_TEMPERATURE
+            | ClimateFeature.SUPPORTS_TARGET_HUMIDITY
+        )
+
+        # Verify modes
+        assert climate_info.supported_modes == [
+            ClimateMode.OFF,
+            ClimateMode.COOL,
+            ClimateMode.HEAT,
+        ], f"Expected modes [OFF, COOL, HEAT], got {climate_info.supported_modes}"
+
+        # Verify visual parameters
+        assert climate_info.visual_min_temperature == 15.0, (
+            f"Expected min_temperature=15.0, got {climate_info.visual_min_temperature}"
+        )
+        assert climate_info.visual_max_temperature == 32.0, (
+            f"Expected max_temperature=32.0, got {climate_info.visual_max_temperature}"
+        )
+        assert climate_info.visual_target_temperature_step == 0.1, (
+            f"Expected temperature_step=0.1, got {climate_info.visual_target_temperature_step}"
+        )
+        assert climate_info.visual_min_humidity == 20.0, (
+            f"Expected min_humidity=20.0, got {climate_info.visual_min_humidity}"
+        )
+        assert climate_info.visual_max_humidity == 70.0, (
+            f"Expected max_humidity=70.0, got {climate_info.visual_max_humidity}"
+        )
+
+        # Verify fan modes
+        assert climate_info.supported_fan_modes == [
+            ClimateFanMode.ON,
+            ClimateFanMode.AUTO,
+        ], f"Expected fan modes [ON, AUTO], got {climate_info.supported_fan_modes}"
+
         # Verify the thermostat has presets
         assert len(climate_info.supported_presets) > 0, (
             "Expected climate to have presets"

tests/script/test_determine_jobs.py

@@ -71,6 +71,12 @@ def mock_changed_files() -> Generator[Mock, None, None]:
         yield mock
 
 
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def clear_clang_tidy_cache() -> None:
+    """Clear the clang-tidy full scan cache before each test."""
+    determine_jobs._is_clang_tidy_full_scan.cache_clear()
+
+
 def test_main_all_tests_should_run(
     mock_should_run_integration_tests: Mock,
     mock_should_run_clang_tidy: Mock,
@@ -90,15 +96,35 @@ def test_main_all_tests_should_run(
     mock_should_run_clang_format.return_value = True
     mock_should_run_python_linters.return_value = True
 
-    # Mock list-components.py output (now returns JSON with --changed-with-deps)
-    mock_result = Mock()
-    mock_result.stdout = json.dumps(
-        {"directly_changed": ["wifi", "api"], "all_changed": ["wifi", "api", "sensor"]}
-    )
-    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = mock_result
+    # Mock changed_files to return non-component files (to avoid memory impact)
+    # Memory impact only runs when component C++ files change
+    mock_changed_files.return_value = [
+        "esphome/config.py",
+        "esphome/helpers.py",
+    ]
 
     # Run main function with mocked argv
-    with patch("sys.argv", ["determine-jobs.py"]):
+    with (
+        patch("sys.argv", ["determine-jobs.py"]),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "_is_clang_tidy_full_scan", return_value=False),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs,
+            "get_changed_components",
+            return_value=["wifi", "api", "sensor"],
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs,
+            "filter_component_files",
+            side_effect=lambda f: f.startswith("esphome/components/"),
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs,
+            "get_components_with_dependencies",
+            side_effect=lambda files, deps: ["wifi", "api"]
+            if not deps
+            else ["wifi", "api", "sensor"],
+        ),
+    ):
         determine_jobs.main()
 
     # Check output
@@ -121,9 +147,9 @@ def test_main_all_tests_should_run(
     # changed_cpp_file_count should be present
     assert "changed_cpp_file_count" in output
     assert isinstance(output["changed_cpp_file_count"], int)
-    # memory_impact should be present
+    # memory_impact should be false (no component C++ files changed)
     assert "memory_impact" in output
-    assert output["memory_impact"]["should_run"] == "false"  # No files changed
+    assert output["memory_impact"]["should_run"] == "false"
 
 
 def test_main_no_tests_should_run(
@@ -145,13 +171,18 @@ def test_main_no_tests_should_run(
     mock_should_run_clang_format.return_value = False
     mock_should_run_python_linters.return_value = False
 
-    # Mock empty list-components.py output
-    mock_result = Mock()
-    mock_result.stdout = json.dumps({"directly_changed": [], "all_changed": []})
-    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = mock_result
+    # Mock changed_files to return no component files
+    mock_changed_files.return_value = []
 
     # Run main function with mocked argv
-    with patch("sys.argv", ["determine-jobs.py"]):
+    with (
+        patch("sys.argv", ["determine-jobs.py"]),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "get_changed_components", return_value=[]),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "filter_component_files", return_value=False),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs, "get_components_with_dependencies", return_value=[]
+        ),
+    ):
         determine_jobs.main()
 
     # Check output
@@ -217,14 +248,23 @@ def test_main_with_branch_argument(
     mock_should_run_clang_format.return_value = False
     mock_should_run_python_linters.return_value = True
 
-    # Mock list-components.py output
-    mock_result = Mock()
-    mock_result.stdout = json.dumps(
-        {"directly_changed": ["mqtt"], "all_changed": ["mqtt"]}
-    )
-    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = mock_result
+    # Mock changed_files to return non-component files (to avoid memory impact)
+    # Memory impact only runs when component C++ files change
+    mock_changed_files.return_value = ["esphome/config.py"]
 
-    with patch("sys.argv", ["script.py", "-b", "main"]):
+    with (
+        patch("sys.argv", ["script.py", "-b", "main"]),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "_is_clang_tidy_full_scan", return_value=False),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "get_changed_components", return_value=["mqtt"]),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs,
+            "filter_component_files",
+            side_effect=lambda f: f.startswith("esphome/components/"),
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs, "get_components_with_dependencies", return_value=["mqtt"]
+        ),
+    ):
         determine_jobs.main()
 
     # Check that functions were called with branch
@@ -233,13 +273,6 @@ def test_main_with_branch_argument(
     mock_should_run_clang_format.assert_called_once_with("main")
     mock_should_run_python_linters.assert_called_once_with("main")
 
-    # Check that list-components.py was called with branch
-    mock_subprocess_run.assert_called_once()
-    call_args = mock_subprocess_run.call_args[0][0]
-    assert "--changed-with-deps" in call_args
-    assert "-b" in call_args
-    assert "main" in call_args
-
     # Check output
     captured = capsys.readouterr()
     output = json.loads(captured.out)
@@ -260,7 +293,7 @@ def test_main_with_branch_argument(
     # changed_cpp_file_count should be present
     assert "changed_cpp_file_count" in output
     assert isinstance(output["changed_cpp_file_count"], int)
-    # memory_impact should be present
+    # memory_impact should be false (no component C++ files changed)
     assert "memory_impact" in output
     assert output["memory_impact"]["should_run"] == "false"
 
@@ -363,16 +396,6 @@ def test_should_run_clang_tidy_hash_check_exception() -> None:
         result = determine_jobs.should_run_clang_tidy()
         assert result is True  # Fail safe - run clang-tidy
 
-    # Even with C++ files, exception should trigger clang-tidy
-    with (
-        patch.object(
-            determine_jobs, "changed_files", return_value=["esphome/core.cpp"]
-        ),
-        patch("subprocess.run", side_effect=Exception("Hash check failed")),
-    ):
-        result = determine_jobs.should_run_clang_tidy()
-        assert result is True
-
 
 def test_should_run_clang_tidy_with_branch() -> None:
     """Test should_run_clang_tidy with branch argument."""
@@ -498,16 +521,11 @@ def test_main_filters_components_without_tests(
     mock_should_run_clang_format.return_value = False
     mock_should_run_python_linters.return_value = False
 
-    # Mock list-components.py output with 3 components
-    # wifi: has tests, sensor: has tests, airthings_ble: no tests
-    mock_result = Mock()
-    mock_result.stdout = json.dumps(
-        {
-            "directly_changed": ["wifi", "sensor"],
-            "all_changed": ["wifi", "sensor", "airthings_ble"],
-        }
-    )
-    mock_subprocess_run.return_value = mock_result
+    # Mock changed_files to return component files
+    mock_changed_files.return_value = [
+        "esphome/components/wifi/wifi.cpp",
+        "esphome/components/sensor/sensor.h",
+    ]
 
     # Create test directory structure
     tests_dir = tmp_path / "tests" / "components"
@@ -531,6 +549,23 @@ def test_main_filters_components_without_tests(
         patch.object(determine_jobs, "root_path", str(tmp_path)),
         patch.object(helpers, "root_path", str(tmp_path)),
         patch("sys.argv", ["determine-jobs.py"]),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs,
+            "get_changed_components",
+            return_value=["wifi", "sensor", "airthings_ble"],
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs,
+            "filter_component_files",
+            side_effect=lambda f: f.startswith("esphome/components/"),
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs,
+            "get_components_with_dependencies",
+            side_effect=lambda files, deps: ["wifi", "sensor"]
+            if not deps
+            else ["wifi", "sensor", "airthings_ble"],
+        ),
     ):
         # Clear the cache since we're mocking root_path
         determine_jobs._component_has_tests.cache_clear()
@@ -763,3 +798,130 @@ def test_detect_memory_impact_config_skips_base_bus_components(tmp_path: Path) -
     assert result["should_run"] == "true"
     assert result["components"] == ["wifi"]
     assert "i2c" not in result["components"]
+
+
+# Tests for clang-tidy split mode logic
+
+
+def test_clang_tidy_mode_full_scan(
+    mock_should_run_integration_tests: Mock,
+    mock_should_run_clang_tidy: Mock,
+    mock_should_run_clang_format: Mock,
+    mock_should_run_python_linters: Mock,
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+    mock_changed_files: Mock,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Test that full scan (hash changed) always uses split mode."""
+    monkeypatch.delenv("GITHUB_ACTIONS", raising=False)
+
+    mock_should_run_integration_tests.return_value = False
+    mock_should_run_clang_tidy.return_value = True
+    mock_should_run_clang_format.return_value = False
+    mock_should_run_python_linters.return_value = False
+
+    # Mock changed_files to return no component files
+    mock_changed_files.return_value = []
+
+    # Mock full scan (hash changed)
+    with (
+        patch("sys.argv", ["determine-jobs.py"]),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "_is_clang_tidy_full_scan", return_value=True),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "get_changed_components", return_value=[]),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "filter_component_files", return_value=False),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs, "get_components_with_dependencies", return_value=[]
+        ),
+    ):
+        determine_jobs.main()
+
+    captured = capsys.readouterr()
+    output = json.loads(captured.out)
+
+    # Full scan should always use split mode
+    assert output["clang_tidy_mode"] == "split"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("component_count", "files_per_component", "expected_mode"),
+    [
+        # Small PR: 5 files in 1 component -> nosplit
+        (1, 5, "nosplit"),
+        # Medium PR: 30 files in 2 components -> nosplit
+        (2, 15, "nosplit"),
+        # Medium PR: 64 files total -> nosplit (just under threshold)
+        (2, 32, "nosplit"),
+        # Large PR: 65 files total -> split (at threshold)
+        (2, 33, "split"),  # 2 * 33 = 66 files
+        # Large PR: 100 files in 10 components -> split
+        (10, 10, "split"),
+    ],
+    ids=[
+        "1_comp_5_files_nosplit",
+        "2_comp_30_files_nosplit",
+        "2_comp_64_files_nosplit_under_threshold",
+        "2_comp_66_files_split_at_threshold",
+        "10_comp_100_files_split",
+    ],
+)
+def test_clang_tidy_mode_targeted_scan(
+    component_count: int,
+    files_per_component: int,
+    expected_mode: str,
+    mock_should_run_integration_tests: Mock,
+    mock_should_run_clang_tidy: Mock,
+    mock_should_run_clang_format: Mock,
+    mock_should_run_python_linters: Mock,
+    mock_subprocess_run: Mock,
+    mock_changed_files: Mock,
+    capsys: pytest.CaptureFixture[str],
+    monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch,
+) -> None:
+    """Test clang-tidy mode selection based on files_to_check count."""
+    monkeypatch.delenv("GITHUB_ACTIONS", raising=False)
+
+    mock_should_run_integration_tests.return_value = False
+    mock_should_run_clang_tidy.return_value = True
+    mock_should_run_clang_format.return_value = False
+    mock_should_run_python_linters.return_value = False
+
+    # Create component names
+    components = [f"comp{i}" for i in range(component_count)]
+
+    # Mock changed_files to return component files
+    mock_changed_files.return_value = [
+        f"esphome/components/{comp}/file.cpp" for comp in components
+    ]
+
+    # Mock git_ls_files to return files for each component
+    cpp_files = {
+        f"esphome/components/{comp}/file{i}.cpp": 0
+        for comp in components
+        for i in range(files_per_component)
+    }
+
+    # Create a mock that returns the cpp_files dict for any call
+    def mock_git_ls_files(patterns=None):
+        return cpp_files
+
+    with (
+        patch("sys.argv", ["determine-jobs.py"]),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "_is_clang_tidy_full_scan", return_value=False),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "git_ls_files", side_effect=mock_git_ls_files),
+        patch.object(determine_jobs, "get_changed_components", return_value=components),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs,
+            "filter_component_files",
+            side_effect=lambda f: f.startswith("esphome/components/"),
+        ),
+        patch.object(
+            determine_jobs, "get_components_with_dependencies", return_value=components
+        ),
+    ):
+        determine_jobs.main()
+
+    captured = capsys.readouterr()
+    output = json.loads(captured.out)
+
+    assert output["clang_tidy_mode"] == expected_mode

tests/unit_tests/core/test_config.py

@@ -517,6 +517,35 @@ def test_include_file_cpp(tmp_path: Path, mock_copy_file_if_changed: Mock) -> No
         mock_cg.add_global.assert_not_called()
 
 
+def test_include_file_with_c_header(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_copy_file_if_changed: Mock
+) -> None:
+    """Test include_file wraps header in extern C block when is_c_header is True."""
+    src_file = tmp_path / "c_library.h"
+    src_file.write_text("// C library header")
+
+    CORE.build_path = tmp_path / "build"
+
+    with patch("esphome.core.config.cg") as mock_cg:
+        # Mock RawStatement to capture the text
+        mock_raw_statement = MagicMock()
+        mock_raw_statement.text = ""
+
+        def raw_statement_side_effect(text):
+            mock_raw_statement.text = text
+            return mock_raw_statement
+
+        mock_cg.RawStatement.side_effect = raw_statement_side_effect
+
+        config.include_file(src_file, Path("c_library.h"), is_c_header=True)
+
+        mock_copy_file_if_changed.assert_called_once()
+        mock_cg.add_global.assert_called_once()
+        # Check that include statement is wrapped in extern "C" block
+        assert 'extern "C"' in mock_raw_statement.text
+        assert '#include "c_library.h"' in mock_raw_statement.text
+
+
 def test_get_usable_cpu_count() -> None:
     """Test get_usable_cpu_count returns CPU count."""
     count = config.get_usable_cpu_count()

tests/unit_tests/test_core.py

@@ -668,45 +668,3 @@ class TestEsphomeCore:
             os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_IS_HA_ADDON", None)
             os.environ.pop("ESPHOME_DATA_DIR", None)
             assert target.data_dir == Path(expected_default)
-
-    def test_platformio_cache_dir_with_env_var(self):
-        """Test platformio_cache_dir when PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR env var is set."""
-        target = core.EsphomeCore()
-        test_cache_dir = "/custom/cache/dir"
-
-        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR": test_cache_dir}):
-            assert target.platformio_cache_dir == test_cache_dir
-
-    def test_platformio_cache_dir_without_env_var(self):
-        """Test platformio_cache_dir defaults to ~/.platformio/.cache."""
-        target = core.EsphomeCore()
-
-        with patch.dict(os.environ, {}, clear=True):
-            # Ensure env var is not set
-            os.environ.pop("PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR", None)
-            expected = os.path.expanduser("~/.platformio/.cache")
-            assert target.platformio_cache_dir == expected
-
-    def test_platformio_cache_dir_empty_env_var(self):
-        """Test platformio_cache_dir with empty env var falls back to default."""
-        target = core.EsphomeCore()
-
-        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR": ""}):
-            expected = os.path.expanduser("~/.platformio/.cache")
-            assert target.platformio_cache_dir == expected
-
-    def test_platformio_cache_dir_whitespace_env_var(self):
-        """Test platformio_cache_dir with whitespace-only env var falls back to default."""
-        target = core.EsphomeCore()
-
-        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR": "   "}):
-            expected = os.path.expanduser("~/.platformio/.cache")
-            assert target.platformio_cache_dir == expected
-
-    def test_platformio_cache_dir_docker_addon_path(self):
-        """Test platformio_cache_dir in Docker/HA addon environment."""
-        target = core.EsphomeCore()
-        addon_cache = "/data/cache/platformio"
-
-        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"PLATFORMIO_CACHE_DIR": addon_cache}):
-            assert target.platformio_cache_dir == addon_cache

tests/unit_tests/test_writer.py

@@ -355,7 +355,6 @@ def test_clean_build(
     mock_core.relative_pioenvs_path.return_value = pioenvs_dir
     mock_core.relative_piolibdeps_path.return_value = piolibdeps_dir
     mock_core.relative_build_path.return_value = dependencies_lock
-    mock_core.platformio_cache_dir = str(platformio_cache_dir)
 
     # Verify all exist before
     assert pioenvs_dir.exists()