[api] Device defined action responses (#12136)

Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@home-assistant.io>
Co-authored-by: J. Nick Koston <nick@koston.org>

esphome/components/api/__init__.py

@@ -27,12 +27,13 @@ from esphome.const import (
     CONF_SERVICE,
     CONF_SERVICES,
     CONF_TAG,
+    CONF_THEN,
     CONF_TRIGGER_ID,
     CONF_VARIABLES,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, coroutine_with_priority
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID, CoroPriority, EsphomeError, coroutine_with_priority
-from esphome.cpp_generator import TemplateArgsType
+from esphome.cpp_generator import MockObj, TemplateArgsType
-from esphome.types import ConfigType
+from esphome.types import ConfigFragmentType, ConfigType
 
 _LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
@@ -63,17 +64,21 @@ HomeAssistantActionResponseTrigger = api_ns.class_(
     "HomeAssistantActionResponseTrigger", automation.Trigger
 )
 APIConnectedCondition = api_ns.class_("APIConnectedCondition", Condition)
+APIRespondAction = api_ns.class_("APIRespondAction", automation.Action)
+APIUnregisterServiceCallAction = api_ns.class_(
+    "APIUnregisterServiceCallAction", automation.Action
+)
 
 UserServiceTrigger = api_ns.class_("UserServiceTrigger", automation.Trigger)
 ListEntitiesServicesArgument = api_ns.class_("ListEntitiesServicesArgument")
-SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES = {
+SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES: dict[str, MockObj] = {
-    "bool": bool,
+    "bool": cg.bool_,
     "int": cg.int32,
-    "float": float,
+    "float": cg.float_,
     "string": cg.std_string,
-    "bool[]": cg.FixedVector.template(bool).operator("const").operator("ref"),
+    "bool[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.bool_).operator("const").operator("ref"),
     "int[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.int32).operator("const").operator("ref"),
-    "float[]": cg.FixedVector.template(float).operator("const").operator("ref"),
+    "float[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.float_).operator("const").operator("ref"),
     "string[]": cg.FixedVector.template(cg.std_string)
     .operator("const")
     .operator("ref"),
@@ -102,6 +107,85 @@ def validate_encryption_key(value):
     return value
 
 
+CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE = "supports_response"
+
+# Enum values in api::enums namespace
+enums_ns = api_ns.namespace("enums")
+SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS = {
+    "none": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE,
+    "optional": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL,
+    "only": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY,
+    "status": enums_ns.SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS,
+}
+
+
+def _auto_detect_supports_response(config: ConfigType) -> ConfigType:
+    """Auto-detect supports_response based on api.respond usage in the action's then block.
+
+    - If api.respond with data found: set to "optional" (unless user explicitly set)
+    - If api.respond without data found: set to "status" (unless user explicitly set)
+    - If no api.respond found: set to "none" (unless user explicitly set)
+    """
+
+    def scan_actions(items: ConfigFragmentType) -> tuple[bool, bool]:
+        """Recursively scan actions for api.respond.
+
+        Returns: (found, has_data) tuple - has_data is True if ANY api.respond has data
+        """
+        found_any = False
+        has_data_any = False
+
+        if isinstance(items, list):
+            for item in items:
+                found, has_data = scan_actions(item)
+                if found:
+                    found_any = True
+                    has_data_any = has_data_any or has_data
+        elif isinstance(items, dict):
+            # Check if this is an api.respond action
+            if "api.respond" in items:
+                respond_config = items["api.respond"]
+                has_data = isinstance(respond_config, dict) and "data" in respond_config
+                return True, has_data
+            # Recursively check all values
+            for value in items.values():
+                found, has_data = scan_actions(value)
+                if found:
+                    found_any = True
+                    has_data_any = has_data_any or has_data
+
+        return found_any, has_data_any
+
+    then = config.get(CONF_THEN, [])
+    action_name = config.get(CONF_ACTION)
+    found, has_data = scan_actions(then)
+
+    # If user explicitly set supports_response, validate and use that
+    if CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE in config:
+        user_value = config[CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE]
+        # Validate: "only" requires api.respond with data
+        if user_value == "only" and not has_data:
+            raise cv.Invalid(
+                f"Action '{action_name}' has supports_response=only but no api.respond "
+                "action with 'data:' was found. Use 'status' for responses without data, "
+                "or add 'data:' to your api.respond action."
+            )
+        return config
+
+    # Auto-detect based on api.respond usage
+    if found:
+        config[CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE] = "optional" if has_data else "status"
+    else:
+        config[CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE] = "none"
+
+    return config
+
+
+def _validate_supports_response(value):
+    """Validate supports_response after auto-detection has set the value."""
+    return cv.enum(SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS, lower=True)(value)
+
+
 ACTIONS_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(CONF_TRIGGER_ID): cv.declare_id(UserServiceTrigger),
@@ -112,10 +196,20 @@ ACTIONS_SCHEMA = automation.validate_automation(
                 cv.validate_id_name: cv.one_of(*SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES, lower=True),
             }
         ),
+        # No default - auto-detected by _auto_detect_supports_response
+        cv.Optional(CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE): cv.enum(
+            SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONS, lower=True
+        ),
     },
     cv.All(
         cv.has_exactly_one_key(CONF_SERVICE, CONF_ACTION),
         cv.rename_key(CONF_SERVICE, CONF_ACTION),
+        _auto_detect_supports_response,
+        # Re-validate supports_response after auto-detection sets it
+        cv.Schema(
+            {cv.Required(CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE): _validate_supports_response},
+            extra=cv.ALLOW_EXTRA,
+        ),
     ),
 )
 
@@ -242,7 +336,7 @@ CONFIG_SCHEMA = cv.All(
 
 
 @coroutine_with_priority(CoroPriority.WEB)
-async def to_code(config):
+async def to_code(config: ConfigType) -> None:
     var = cg.new_Pvariable(config[CONF_ID])
     await cg.register_component(var, config)
 
@@ -279,20 +373,61 @@ async def to_code(config):
         # Collect all triggers first, then register all at once with initializer_list
         triggers: list[cg.Pvariable] = []
         for conf in actions:
-            template_args = []
+            func_args: list[tuple[MockObj, str]] = []
-            func_args = []
+            service_template_args: list[MockObj] = []  # User service argument types
-            service_arg_names = []
+
+            # Determine supports_response mode
+            # cv.enum returns the key with enum_value attribute containing the MockObj
+            supports_response_key = conf[CONF_SUPPORTS_RESPONSE]
+            supports_response = supports_response_key.enum_value
+            is_none = supports_response_key == "none"
+            is_optional = supports_response_key == "optional"
+
+            # Add call_id and return_response based on supports_response mode
+            # These must match the C++ Trigger template arguments
+            # - none: no extra args
+            # - status: call_id only (for reporting success/error without data)
+            # - only: call_id only (response always expected with data)
+            # - optional: call_id + return_response (client decides)
+            if not is_none:
+                # call_id is present for "optional", "only", and "status"
+                func_args.append((cg.uint32, "call_id"))
+                # return_response only present for "optional"
+                if is_optional:
+                    func_args.append((cg.bool_, "return_response"))
+
+            service_arg_names: list[str] = []
             for name, var_ in conf[CONF_VARIABLES].items():
                 native = SERVICE_ARG_NATIVE_TYPES[var_]
-                template_args.append(native)
+                service_template_args.append(native)
                 func_args.append((native, name))
                 service_arg_names.append(name)
-            templ = cg.TemplateArguments(*template_args)
+            # Template args: supports_response mode, then user service arg types
+            templ = cg.TemplateArguments(supports_response, *service_template_args)
             trigger = cg.new_Pvariable(
-                conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID], templ, conf[CONF_ACTION], service_arg_names
+                conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID],
+                templ,
+                conf[CONF_ACTION],
+                service_arg_names,
             )
             triggers.append(trigger)
-            await automation.build_automation(trigger, func_args, conf)
+            auto = await automation.build_automation(trigger, func_args, conf)
+
+            # For non-none response modes, automatically append unregister action
+            # This ensures the call is unregistered after all actions complete (including async ones)
+            if not is_none:
+                arg_types = [arg[0] for arg in func_args]
+                action_templ = cg.TemplateArguments(*arg_types)
+                unregister_id = ID(
+                    f"{conf[CONF_TRIGGER_ID]}__unregister",
+                    is_declaration=True,
+                    type=APIUnregisterServiceCallAction.template(action_templ),
+                )
+                unregister_action = cg.new_Pvariable(
+                    unregister_id,
+                    var,
+                )
+                cg.add(auto.add_actions([unregister_action]))
         # Register all services at once - single allocation, no reallocations
         cg.add(var.initialize_user_services(triggers))
 
@@ -538,6 +673,80 @@ async def homeassistant_tag_scanned_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, arg
     return var
 
 
+CONF_SUCCESS = "success"
+CONF_ERROR_MESSAGE = "error_message"
+
+
+def _validate_api_respond_data(config):
+    """Set flag during validation so AUTO_LOAD can include json component."""
+    if CONF_DATA in config:
+        CORE.data.setdefault(DOMAIN, {})[CONF_CAPTURE_RESPONSE] = True
+    return config
+
+
+API_RESPOND_ACTION_SCHEMA = cv.All(
+    cv.Schema(
+        {
+            cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(APIServer),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_SUCCESS, default=True): cv.templatable(cv.boolean),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_ERROR_MESSAGE, default=""): cv.templatable(cv.string),
+            cv.Optional(CONF_DATA): cv.lambda_,
+        }
+    ),
+    _validate_api_respond_data,
+)
+
+
+@automation.register_action(
+    "api.respond",
+    APIRespondAction,
+    API_RESPOND_ACTION_SCHEMA,
+)
+async def api_respond_to_code(
+    config: ConfigType,
+    action_id: ID,
+    template_arg: cg.TemplateArguments,
+    args: TemplateArgsType,
+) -> MockObj:
+    # Validate that api.respond is used inside an API action context.
+    # We can't easily validate this at config time since the schema validation
+    # doesn't have access to the parent action context. Validating here in to_code
+    # is still much better than a cryptic C++ compile error.
+    has_call_id = any(name == "call_id" for _, name in args)
+    if not has_call_id:
+        raise EsphomeError(
+            "api.respond can only be used inside an API action's 'then:' block. "
+            "The 'call_id' variable is required to send a response."
+        )
+
+    cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES")
+    serv = await cg.get_variable(config[CONF_ID])
+    var = cg.new_Pvariable(action_id, template_arg, serv)
+
+    # Check if we're in optional mode (has return_response arg)
+    is_optional = any(name == "return_response" for _, name in args)
+    if is_optional:
+        cg.add(var.set_is_optional_mode(True))
+
+    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_SUCCESS], args, cg.bool_)
+    cg.add(var.set_success(templ))
+
+    templ = await cg.templatable(config[CONF_ERROR_MESSAGE], args, cg.std_string)
+    cg.add(var.set_error_message(templ))
+
+    if CONF_DATA in config:
+        cg.add_define("USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON")
+        # Lambda populates the JsonObject root - no return value needed
+        lambda_ = await cg.process_lambda(
+            config[CONF_DATA],
+            args + [(cg.JsonObject, "root")],
+            return_type=cg.void,
+        )
+        cg.add(var.set_data(lambda_))
+
+    return var
+
+
 API_CONNECTED_CONDITION_SCHEMA = cv.Schema(
     {
         cv.GenerateID(): cv.use_id(APIServer),

esphome/components/api/api.proto

@@ -855,6 +855,14 @@ enum ServiceArgType {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_FLOAT_ARRAY = 6;
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY = 7;
 }
+enum SupportsResponseType {
+  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE = 0;
+  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL = 1;
+  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY = 2;
+  // Status-only response - reports success/error without data payload
+  // Value is higher to avoid conflicts with future Home Assistant values
+  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS = 100;
+}
 message ListEntitiesServicesArgument {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
   string name = 1;
@@ -868,6 +876,7 @@ message ListEntitiesServicesResponse {
   string name = 1;
   fixed32 key = 2;
   repeated ListEntitiesServicesArgument args = 3 [(fixed_vector) = true];
+  SupportsResponseType supports_response = 4;
 }
 message ExecuteServiceArgument {
   option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS";
@@ -890,6 +899,21 @@ message ExecuteServiceRequest {
 
   fixed32 key = 1;
   repeated ExecuteServiceArgument args = 2 [(fixed_vector) = true];
+  uint32 call_id = 3 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES"];
+  bool return_response = 4 [(field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES"];
+}
+
+// Message sent by ESPHome to Home Assistant with service execution response data
+message ExecuteServiceResponse {
+  option (id) = 131;
+  option (source) = SOURCE_SERVER;
+  option (no_delay) = true;
+  option (ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES";
+
+  uint32 call_id = 1; // Matches the call_id from ExecuteServiceRequest
+  bool success = 2; // Whether the service execution succeeded
+  string error_message = 3; // Error message if success = false
+  bytes response_data = 4 [(pointer_to_buffer) = true, (field_ifdef) = "USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON"];
 }
 
 // ==================== CAMERA ====================

esphome/components/api/api_connection.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 #ifdef USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 #include "api_frame_helper_plaintext.h"
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#include "user_services.h"
+#endif
 #include <cerrno>
 #include <cinttypes>
 #include <functional>
@@ -1554,15 +1557,54 @@ void APIConnection::on_home_assistant_state_response(const HomeAssistantStateRes
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 void APIConnection::execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) {
   bool found = false;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  // Register the call and get a unique server-generated action_call_id
+  // This avoids collisions when multiple clients use the same call_id
+  uint32_t action_call_id = 0;
+  if (msg.call_id != 0) {
+    action_call_id = this->parent_->register_active_action_call(msg.call_id, this);
+  }
+  // Use the overload that passes action_call_id separately (avoids copying msg)
+  for (auto *service : this->parent_->get_user_services()) {
+    if (service->execute_service(msg, action_call_id)) {
+      found = true;
+    }
+  }
+#else
   for (auto *service : this->parent_->get_user_services()) {
     if (service->execute_service(msg)) {
       found = true;
     }
   }
+#endif
   if (!found) {
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Could not find service");
   }
+  // Note: For services with supports_response != none, the call is unregistered
+  // by an automatically appended APIUnregisterServiceCallAction at the end of
+  // the action list. This ensures async actions (delays, waits) complete first.
 }
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message) {
+  ExecuteServiceResponse resp;
+  resp.call_id = call_id;
+  resp.success = success;
+  resp.set_error_message(StringRef(error_message));
+  this->send_message(resp, ExecuteServiceResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+}
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+void APIConnection::send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
+                                                  const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len) {
+  ExecuteServiceResponse resp;
+  resp.call_id = call_id;
+  resp.success = success;
+  resp.set_error_message(StringRef(error_message));
+  resp.response_data = response_data;
+  resp.response_data_len = response_data_len;
+  this->send_message(resp, ExecuteServiceResponse::MESSAGE_TYPE);
+}
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES

esphome/components/api/api_connection.h

@@ -223,6 +223,13 @@ class APIConnection final : public APIServerConnection {
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   void execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &msg) override;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  void send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message);
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+  void send_execute_service_response(uint32_t call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
+                                     const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len);
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
   bool send_noise_encryption_set_key_response(const NoiseEncryptionSetKeyRequest &msg) override;

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.cpp

@@ -1010,11 +1010,13 @@ void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   for (auto &it : this->args) {
     buffer.encode_message(3, it, true);
   }
+  buffer.encode_uint32(4, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
 }
 void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
   size.add_length(1, this->name_ref_.size());
   size.add_fixed32(1, this->key);
   size.add_repeated_message(1, this->args);
+  size.add_uint32(1, static_cast<uint32_t>(this->supports_response));
 }
 bool ExecuteServiceArgument::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
   switch (field_id) {
@@ -1075,6 +1077,23 @@ void ExecuteServiceArgument::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   this->string_array.init(count_string_array);
   ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(buffer, length);
 }
+bool ExecuteServiceRequest::decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) {
+  switch (field_id) {
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+    case 3:
+      this->call_id = value.as_uint32();
+      break;
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+    case 4:
+      this->return_response = value.as_bool();
+      break;
+#endif
+    default:
+      return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
 bool ExecuteServiceRequest::decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) {
   switch (field_id) {
     case 2:
@@ -1102,6 +1121,24 @@ void ExecuteServiceRequest::decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) {
   ProtoDecodableMessage::decode(buffer, length);
 }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+void ExecuteServiceResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
+  buffer.encode_uint32(1, this->call_id);
+  buffer.encode_bool(2, this->success);
+  buffer.encode_string(3, this->error_message_ref_);
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+  buffer.encode_bytes(4, this->response_data, this->response_data_len);
+#endif
+}
+void ExecuteServiceResponse::calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const {
+  size.add_uint32(1, this->call_id);
+  size.add_bool(1, this->success);
+  size.add_length(1, this->error_message_ref_.size());
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+  size.add_length(4, this->response_data_len);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA
 void ListEntitiesCameraResponse::encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const {
   buffer.encode_string(1, this->object_id_ref_);

esphome/components/api/api_pb2.h

@@ -75,6 +75,12 @@ enum ServiceArgType : uint32_t {
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_FLOAT_ARRAY = 6,
   SERVICE_ARG_TYPE_STRING_ARRAY = 7,
 };
+enum SupportsResponseType : uint32_t {
+  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE = 0,
+  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL = 1,
+  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY = 2,
+  SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS = 100,
+};
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
 enum ClimateMode : uint32_t {
@@ -1257,7 +1263,7 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesArgument final : public ProtoMessage {
 class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 41;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 48;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 50;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "list_entities_services_response"; }
 #endif
@@ -1265,6 +1271,7 @@ class ListEntitiesServicesResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
   void set_name(const StringRef &ref) { this->name_ref_ = ref; }
   uint32_t key{0};
   FixedVector<ListEntitiesServicesArgument> args{};
+  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response{};
   void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
   void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
@@ -1297,12 +1304,18 @@ class ExecuteServiceArgument final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
 class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  public:
   static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 42;
-  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 39;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 45;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   const char *message_name() const override { return "execute_service_request"; }
 #endif
   uint32_t key{0};
   FixedVector<ExecuteServiceArgument> args{};
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  uint32_t call_id{0};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  bool return_response{false};
+#endif
   void decode(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t length) override;
 #ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
   void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
@@ -1311,6 +1324,32 @@ class ExecuteServiceRequest final : public ProtoDecodableMessage {
  protected:
   bool decode_32bit(uint32_t field_id, Proto32Bit value) override;
   bool decode_length(uint32_t field_id, ProtoLengthDelimited value) override;
+  bool decode_varint(uint32_t field_id, ProtoVarInt value) override;
+};
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+class ExecuteServiceResponse final : public ProtoMessage {
+ public:
+  static constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_TYPE = 131;
+  static constexpr uint8_t ESTIMATED_SIZE = 34;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  const char *message_name() const override { return "execute_service_response"; }
+#endif
+  uint32_t call_id{0};
+  bool success{false};
+  StringRef error_message_ref_{};
+  void set_error_message(const StringRef &ref) { this->error_message_ref_ = ref; }
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+  const uint8_t *response_data{nullptr};
+  uint16_t response_data_len{0};
+#endif
+  void encode(ProtoWriteBuffer buffer) const override;
+  void calculate_size(ProtoSize &size) const override;
+#ifdef HAS_PROTO_MESSAGE_DUMP
+  void dump_to(std::string &out) const override;
+#endif
+
+ protected:
 };
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA

esphome/components/api/api_pb2_dump.cpp

@@ -231,6 +231,20 @@ template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ServiceArgType>(enums::Servic
       return "UNKNOWN";
   }
 }
+template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::SupportsResponseType>(enums::SupportsResponseType value) {
+  switch (value) {
+    case enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE:
+      return "SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE";
+    case enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL:
+      return "SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL";
+    case enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY:
+      return "SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY";
+    case enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS:
+      return "SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS";
+    default:
+      return "UNKNOWN";
+  }
+}
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CLIMATE
 template<> const char *proto_enum_to_string<enums::ClimateMode>(enums::ClimateMode value) {
@@ -1194,6 +1208,7 @@ void ListEntitiesServicesResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
     it.dump_to(out);
     out.append("\n");
   }
+  dump_field(out, "supports_response", static_cast<enums::SupportsResponseType>(this->supports_response));
 }
 void ExecuteServiceArgument::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
   MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ExecuteServiceArgument");
@@ -1223,6 +1238,25 @@ void ExecuteServiceRequest::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
     it.dump_to(out);
     out.append("\n");
   }
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  dump_field(out, "call_id", this->call_id);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  dump_field(out, "return_response", this->return_response);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+void ExecuteServiceResponse::dump_to(std::string &out) const {
+  MessageDumpHelper helper(out, "ExecuteServiceResponse");
+  dump_field(out, "call_id", this->call_id);
+  dump_field(out, "success", this->success);
+  dump_field(out, "error_message", this->error_message_ref_);
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+  out.append("  response_data: ");
+  out.append(format_hex_pretty(this->response_data, this->response_data_len));
+  out.append("\n");
+#endif
 }
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_CAMERA

esphome/components/api/api_server.cpp

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 #include "api_connection.h"
 #include "esphome/components/network/util.h"
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
-#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/controller_registry.h"
+#include "esphome/core/defines.h"
 #include "esphome/core/hal.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/util.h"
@@ -186,6 +186,9 @@ void APIServer::loop() {
     // Rare case: handle disconnection
 #ifdef USE_API_CLIENT_DISCONNECTED_TRIGGER
     this->client_disconnected_trigger_->trigger(client->client_info_.name, client->client_info_.peername);
+#endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+    this->unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(client.get());
 #endif
     ESP_LOGV(TAG, "Remove connection %s", client->client_info_.name.c_str());
 
@@ -585,5 +588,84 @@ bool APIServer::teardown() {
   return this->clients_.empty();
 }
 
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+// Timeout for action calls - matches aioesphomeapi client timeout (default 30s)
+// Can be overridden via USE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS define for testing
+#ifndef USE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS
+#define USE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS 30000  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+uint32_t APIServer::register_active_action_call(uint32_t client_call_id, APIConnection *conn) {
+  uint32_t action_call_id = this->next_action_call_id_++;
+  // Handle wraparound (skip 0 as it means "no call")
+  if (this->next_action_call_id_ == 0) {
+    this->next_action_call_id_ = 1;
+  }
+  this->active_action_calls_.push_back({action_call_id, client_call_id, conn});
+
+  // Schedule automatic cleanup after timeout (client will have given up by then)
+  this->set_timeout(str_sprintf("action_call_%u", action_call_id), USE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS,
+                    [this, action_call_id]() {
+                      ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Action call %u timed out", action_call_id);
+                      this->unregister_active_action_call(action_call_id);
+                    });
+
+  return action_call_id;
+}
+
+void APIServer::unregister_active_action_call(uint32_t action_call_id) {
+  // Cancel the timeout for this action call
+  this->cancel_timeout(str_sprintf("action_call_%u", action_call_id));
+
+  // Swap-and-pop is more efficient than remove_if for unordered vectors
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < this->active_action_calls_.size(); i++) {
+    if (this->active_action_calls_[i].action_call_id == action_call_id) {
+      std::swap(this->active_action_calls_[i], this->active_action_calls_.back());
+      this->active_action_calls_.pop_back();
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void APIServer::unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(APIConnection *conn) {
+  // Remove all active action calls for disconnected connection using swap-and-pop
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < this->active_action_calls_.size();) {
+    if (this->active_action_calls_[i].connection == conn) {
+      // Cancel the timeout for this action call
+      this->cancel_timeout(str_sprintf("action_call_%u", this->active_action_calls_[i].action_call_id));
+
+      std::swap(this->active_action_calls_[i], this->active_action_calls_.back());
+      this->active_action_calls_.pop_back();
+      // Don't increment i - need to check the swapped element
+    } else {
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void APIServer::send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message) {
+  for (auto &call : this->active_action_calls_) {
+    if (call.action_call_id == action_call_id) {
+      call.connection->send_execute_service_response(call.client_call_id, success, error_message);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send response: no active call found for action_call_id %u", action_call_id);
+}
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+void APIServer::send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
+                                     const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len) {
+  for (auto &call : this->active_action_calls_) {
+    if (call.action_call_id == action_call_id) {
+      call.connection->send_execute_service_response(call.client_call_id, success, error_message, response_data,
+                                                     response_data_len);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  ESP_LOGW(TAG, "Cannot send response: no active call found for action_call_id %u", action_call_id);
+}
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 #endif

esphome/components/api/api_server.h

@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "list_entities.h"
 #include "subscribe_state.h"
-#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
-#include "user_services.h"
-#endif
 #ifdef USE_LOGGER
 #include "esphome/components/logger/logger.h"
 #endif
@@ -22,11 +19,15 @@
 #include "esphome/components/camera/camera.h"
 #endif
 
-#include <map>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+// Forward declaration - full definition in user_services.h
+class UserServiceDescriptor;
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_API_NOISE
 struct SavedNoisePsk {
   psk_t psk;
@@ -154,6 +155,19 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
   // Only compile push_back method when custom_services: true (external components)
   void register_user_service(UserServiceDescriptor *descriptor) { this->user_services_.push_back(descriptor); }
 #endif
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  // Action call context management - supports concurrent calls from multiple clients
+  // Returns server-generated action_call_id to avoid collisions when clients use same call_id
+  uint32_t register_active_action_call(uint32_t client_call_id, APIConnection *conn);
+  void unregister_active_action_call(uint32_t action_call_id);
+  void unregister_active_action_calls_for_connection(APIConnection *conn);
+  // Send response for a specific action call (uses action_call_id, sends client_call_id in response)
+  void send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message);
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+  void send_action_response(uint32_t action_call_id, bool success, const std::string &error_message,
+                            const uint8_t *response_data, size_t response_data_len);
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_HOMEASSISTANT_TIME
   void request_time();
@@ -230,6 +244,17 @@ class APIServer : public Component,
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
   std::vector<UserServiceDescriptor *> user_services_;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  // Active action calls - supports concurrent calls from multiple clients
+  // Uses server-generated action_call_id to avoid collisions when multiple clients use same call_id
+  struct ActiveActionCall {
+    uint32_t action_call_id;  // Server-generated unique ID (passed to actions)
+    uint32_t client_call_id;  // Client's original call_id (used in response)
+    APIConnection *connection;
+  };
+  std::vector<ActiveActionCall> active_action_calls_;
+  uint32_t next_action_call_id_{1};  // Counter for generating unique action_call_ids
+#endif                               // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
 #endif
 #ifdef USE_API_HOMEASSISTANT_ACTION_RESPONSES
   struct PendingActionResponse {

esphome/components/api/custom_api_device.h

@@ -16,7 +16,10 @@ template<typename T, typename... Ts> class CustomAPIDeviceService : public UserS
       : UserServiceDynamic<Ts...>(name, arg_names), obj_(obj), callback_(callback) {}
 
  protected:
-  void execute(Ts... x) override { (this->obj_->*this->callback_)(x...); }  // NOLINT
+  // CustomAPIDevice services don't support action responses - ignore call_id and return_response
+  void execute(uint32_t /*call_id*/, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override {
+    (this->obj_->*this->callback_)(x...);  // NOLINT
+  }
 
   T *obj_;
   void (T::*callback_)(Ts...);

esphome/components/api/list_entities.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,9 @@
 #include "esphome/core/application.h"
 #include "esphome/core/log.h"
 #include "esphome/core/util.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+#include "user_services.h"
+#endif
 
 namespace esphome::api {
 

esphome/components/api/user_services.h

@@ -1,20 +1,31 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <tuple>
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
-#include "esphome/core/component.h"
-#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
 #include "api_pb2.h"
+#include "esphome/core/automation.h"
+#include "esphome/core/component.h"
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+#include "esphome/components/json/json_util.h"
+#endif
 
 #ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 namespace esphome::api {
 
+// Forward declaration - full definition in api_server.h
+class APIServer;
+
 class UserServiceDescriptor {
  public:
   virtual ListEntitiesServicesResponse encode_list_service_response() = 0;
 
   virtual bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req) = 0;
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  // Overload that accepts server-generated action_call_id (avoids client call_id collisions)
+  virtual bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req, uint32_t action_call_id) = 0;
+#endif
 
   bool is_internal() { return false; }
 };
@@ -27,8 +38,9 @@ template<typename T> enums::ServiceArgType to_service_arg_type();
 // Stores only pointers to string literals in flash - no heap allocation
 template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
  public:
-  UserServiceBase(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
+  UserServiceBase(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names,
-      : name_(name), arg_names_(arg_names) {
+                  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response = enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE)
+      : name_(name), arg_names_(arg_names), supports_response_(supports_response) {
     this->key_ = fnv1_hash(name);
   }
 
@@ -36,6 +48,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
     ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
     msg.set_name(StringRef(this->name_));
     msg.key = this->key_;
+    msg.supports_response = this->supports_response_;
     std::array<enums::ServiceArgType, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_types = {to_service_arg_type<Ts>()...};
     msg.args.init(sizeof...(Ts));
     for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof...(Ts); i++) {
@@ -51,21 +64,37 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceBase : public UserServiceDescriptor {
       return false;
     if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
       return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+    this->execute_(req.args, req.call_id, req.return_response, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+#else
+    this->execute_(req.args, 0, false, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+#endif
     return true;
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req, uint32_t action_call_id) override {
+    if (req.key != this->key_)
+      return false;
+    if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
+      return false;
+    this->execute_(req.args, action_call_id, req.return_response, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+    return true;
+  }
+#endif
+
  protected:
-  virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
+  virtual void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, Ts... x) = 0;
   template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
-  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, std::index_sequence<S...> type) {
+  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, std::index_sequence<S...> /*type*/) {
-    this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
+    this->execute(call_id, return_response, (get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 
   // Pointers to string literals in flash - no heap allocation
   const char *name_;
   std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_names_;
   uint32_t key_{0};
+  enums::SupportsResponseType supports_response_{enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE};
 };
 
 // Separate class for custom_api_device services (rare case)
@@ -81,6 +110,7 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor
     ListEntitiesServicesResponse msg;
     msg.set_name(StringRef(this->name_));
     msg.key = this->key_;
+    msg.supports_response = enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE;  // Dynamic services don't support responses yet
     std::array<enums::ServiceArgType, sizeof...(Ts)> arg_types = {to_service_arg_type<Ts>()...};
     msg.args.init(sizeof...(Ts));
     for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof...(Ts); i++) {
@@ -96,15 +126,31 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor
       return false;
     if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
       return false;
-    this->execute_(req.args, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+    this->execute_(req.args, req.call_id, req.return_response, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+#else
+    this->execute_(req.args, 0, false, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+#endif
     return true;
   }
 
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+  // Dynamic services don't support responses yet, but need to implement the interface
+  bool execute_service(const ExecuteServiceRequest &req, uint32_t action_call_id) override {
+    if (req.key != this->key_)
+      return false;
+    if (req.args.size() != sizeof...(Ts))
+      return false;
+    this->execute_(req.args, action_call_id, req.return_response, std::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+    return true;
+  }
+#endif
+
  protected:
-  virtual void execute(Ts... x) = 0;
+  virtual void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, Ts... x) = 0;
   template<typename ArgsContainer, size_t... S>
-  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, std::index_sequence<S...> type) {
+  void execute_(const ArgsContainer &args, uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, std::index_sequence<S...> /*type*/) {
-    this->execute((get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
+    this->execute(call_id, return_response, (get_execute_arg_value<Ts>(args[S]))...);
   }
 
   // Heap-allocated strings for runtime-generated names
@@ -113,15 +159,149 @@ template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceDynamic : public UserServiceDescriptor
   uint32_t key_{0};
 };
 
-template<typename... Ts> class UserServiceTrigger : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>, public Trigger<Ts...> {
+// Primary template declaration
+template<enums::SupportsResponseType Mode, typename... Ts> class UserServiceTrigger;
+
+// Specialization for NONE - no extra trigger arguments
+template<typename... Ts>
+class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE, Ts...> : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>, public Trigger<Ts...> {
  public:
-  // Constructor for static names (YAML-defined services - used by code generator)
   UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
-      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names) {}
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_NONE) {}
 
  protected:
-  void execute(Ts... x) override { this->trigger(x...); }  // NOLINT
+  void execute(uint32_t /*call_id*/, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(x...); }
+};
+
+// Specialization for OPTIONAL - call_id and return_response trigger arguments
+template<typename... Ts>
+class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL, Ts...> : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
+                                                                     public Trigger<uint32_t, bool, Ts...> {
+ public:
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_OPTIONAL) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool return_response, Ts... x) override {
+    this->trigger(call_id, return_response, x...);
+  }
+};
+
+// Specialization for ONLY - just call_id trigger argument
+template<typename... Ts>
+class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY, Ts...> : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
+                                                                 public Trigger<uint32_t, Ts...> {
+ public:
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_ONLY) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(call_id, x...); }
+};
+
+// Specialization for STATUS - just call_id trigger argument (reports success/error without data)
+template<typename... Ts>
+class UserServiceTrigger<enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS, Ts...> : public UserServiceBase<Ts...>,
+                                                                   public Trigger<uint32_t, Ts...> {
+ public:
+  UserServiceTrigger(const char *name, const std::array<const char *, sizeof...(Ts)> &arg_names)
+      : UserServiceBase<Ts...>(name, arg_names, enums::SUPPORTS_RESPONSE_STATUS) {}
+
+ protected:
+  void execute(uint32_t call_id, bool /*return_response*/, Ts... x) override { this->trigger(call_id, x...); }
 };
 
 }  // namespace esphome::api
 #endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
+
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+// Include full definition of APIServer for template implementation
+// Must be outside namespace to avoid including STL headers inside namespace
+#include "api_server.h"
+
+namespace esphome::api {
+
+template<typename... Ts> class APIRespondAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit APIRespondAction(APIServer *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  template<typename V> void set_success(V success) { this->success_ = success; }
+  template<typename V> void set_error_message(V error) { this->error_message_ = error; }
+  void set_is_optional_mode(bool is_optional) { this->is_optional_mode_ = is_optional; }
+
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+  void set_data(std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> func) {
+    this->json_builder_ = std::move(func);
+    this->has_data_ = true;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    // Extract call_id from first argument - it's always first for optional/only/status modes
+    auto args = std::make_tuple(x...);
+    uint32_t call_id = std::get<0>(args);
+
+    bool success = this->success_.value(x...);
+    std::string error_message = this->error_message_.value(x...);
+
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+    if (this->has_data_) {
+      // For optional mode, check return_response (second arg) to decide if client wants data
+      // Use nested if constexpr to avoid compile error when tuple doesn't have enough elements
+      // (std::tuple_element_t is evaluated before the && short-circuit, so we must nest)
+      if constexpr (sizeof...(Ts) >= 2) {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::tuple_element_t<1, std::tuple<Ts...>>, bool>) {
+          if (this->is_optional_mode_) {
+            bool return_response = std::get<1>(args);
+            if (!return_response) {
+              // Client doesn't want response data, just send success/error
+              this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, error_message);
+              return;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      // Build and send JSON response
+      json::JsonBuilder builder;
+      this->json_builder_(x..., builder.root());
+      std::string json_str = builder.serialize();
+      this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, error_message,
+                                          reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(json_str.data()), json_str.size());
+      return;
+    }
+#endif
+    this->parent_->send_action_response(call_id, success, error_message);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  APIServer *parent_;
+  TemplatableValue<bool, Ts...> success_{true};
+  TemplatableValue<std::string, Ts...> error_message_{""};
+#ifdef USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
+  std::function<void(Ts..., JsonObject)> json_builder_;
+  bool has_data_{false};
+#endif
+  bool is_optional_mode_{false};
+};
+
+// Action to unregister a service call after execution completes
+// Automatically appended to the end of action lists for non-none response modes
+template<typename... Ts> class APIUnregisterServiceCallAction : public Action<Ts...> {
+ public:
+  explicit APIUnregisterServiceCallAction(APIServer *parent) : parent_(parent) {}
+
+  void play(const Ts &...x) override {
+    // Extract call_id from first argument - same convention as APIRespondAction
+    auto args = std::make_tuple(x...);
+    uint32_t call_id = std::get<0>(args);
+    if (call_id != 0) {
+      this->parent_->unregister_active_action_call(call_id);
+    }
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  APIServer *parent_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace esphome::api
+#endif  // USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES

esphome/core/defines.h

@@ -129,6 +129,8 @@
 #define USE_API_PLAINTEXT
 #define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTIONS
 #define USE_API_CUSTOM_SERVICES
+#define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES
+#define USE_API_USER_DEFINED_ACTION_RESPONSES_JSON
 #define API_MAX_SEND_QUEUE 8
 #define USE_MD5
 #define USE_SHA256

requirements.txt

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ platformio==6.1.18  # When updating platformio, also update /docker/Dockerfile
 esptool==5.1.0
 click==8.1.7
 esphome-dashboard==20251013.0
-aioesphomeapi==42.10.0
+aioesphomeapi==43.0.0
 zeroconf==0.148.0
 puremagic==1.30
 ruamel.yaml==0.18.16 # dashboard_import

tests/components/api/common-base.yaml

@@ -181,6 +181,99 @@ api:
             else:
               - logger.log: "Skipped loops"
         - logger.log: "After combined test"
+    # ==========================================================================
+    # supports_response: status (auto-detected - api.respond without data)
+    # Has call_id only - reports success/error without data payload
+    # ==========================================================================
+    - action: test_respond_status
+      then:
+        - api.respond:
+            success: true
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "Status response sent (call_id=%d)"
+            args: [call_id]
+
+    - action: test_respond_status_error
+      variables:
+        error_msg: string
+      then:
+        - api.respond:
+            success: false
+            error_message: !lambda 'return error_msg;'
+
+    # ==========================================================================
+    # supports_response: optional (auto-detected - api.respond with data)
+    # Has call_id and return_response - client decides if it wants response
+    # ==========================================================================
+    - action: test_respond_optional
+      variables:
+        sensor_name: string
+        value: float
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "Optional response (call_id=%d, return_response=%d)"
+            args: [call_id, return_response]
+        - api.respond:
+            data: !lambda |-
+              root["sensor"] = sensor_name;
+              root["value"] = value;
+              root["unit"] = "°C";
+
+    - action: test_respond_optional_conditional
+      variables:
+        do_succeed: bool
+      then:
+        - if:
+            condition:
+              lambda: 'return do_succeed;'
+            then:
+              - api.respond:
+                  success: true
+                  data: !lambda |-
+                    root["status"] = "ok";
+            else:
+              - api.respond:
+                  success: false
+                  error_message: "Operation failed"
+
+    # ==========================================================================
+    # supports_response: only (explicit - always expects data response)
+    # Has call_id only - response is always expected with data
+    # ==========================================================================
+    - action: test_respond_only
+      supports_response: only
+      variables:
+        input: string
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "Only response (call_id=%d)"
+            args: [call_id]
+        - api.respond:
+            data: !lambda |-
+              root["input"] = input;
+              root["processed"] = true;
+
+    - action: test_respond_only_nested
+      supports_response: only
+      then:
+        - api.respond:
+            data: !lambda |-
+              root["config"]["wifi"] = "connected";
+              root["config"]["api"] = true;
+              root["items"][0] = "item1";
+              root["items"][1] = "item2";
+
+    # ==========================================================================
+    # supports_response: none (no api.respond action)
+    # No call_id or return_response - just user variables
+    # ==========================================================================
+    - action: test_no_response
+      variables:
+        message: string
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "No response action: %s"
+            args: [message.c_str()]
 
 event:
   - platform: template

tests/integration/README.md

@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ my_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "my_service"), None)
 assert my_service is not None
 
 # Execute with parameters
-client.execute_service(my_service, {"param1": "value1", "param2": 42})
+await client.execute_service(my_service, {"param1": "value1", "param2": 42})
 ```
 
 ##### Multiple Entity Tracking

tests/integration/fixtures/api_action_responses.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+esphome:
+  name: api-action-responses-test
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    # ==========================================================================
+    # supports_response: none (default - no api.respond action)
+    # No call_id or return_response - just user variables
+    # ==========================================================================
+    - action: action_no_response
+      variables:
+        message: string
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "ACTION_NO_RESPONSE called with: %s"
+            args: [message.c_str()]
+
+    # ==========================================================================
+    # supports_response: status (auto-detected - api.respond without data)
+    # Has call_id only - reports success/error without data payload
+    # ==========================================================================
+    - action: action_status_response
+      variables:
+        should_succeed: bool
+      then:
+        - if:
+            condition:
+              lambda: 'return should_succeed;'
+            then:
+              - api.respond:
+                  success: true
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "ACTION_STATUS_RESPONSE success (call_id=%d)"
+                  args: [call_id]
+            else:
+              - api.respond:
+                  success: false
+                  error_message: "Intentional failure for testing"
+              - logger.log:
+                  format: "ACTION_STATUS_RESPONSE error (call_id=%d)"
+                  args: [call_id]
+
+    # ==========================================================================
+    # supports_response: optional (auto-detected - api.respond with data)
+    # Has call_id and return_response - client decides if it wants response
+    # ==========================================================================
+    - action: action_optional_response
+      variables:
+        value: int
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "ACTION_OPTIONAL_RESPONSE (call_id=%d, return_response=%d, value=%d)"
+            args: [call_id, return_response, value]
+        - api.respond:
+            data: !lambda |-
+              root["input"] = value;
+              root["doubled"] = value * 2;
+
+    # ==========================================================================
+    # supports_response: only (explicit - always expects data response)
+    # Has call_id only - response is always expected with data
+    # ==========================================================================
+    - action: action_only_response
+      supports_response: only
+      variables:
+        name: string
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "ACTION_ONLY_RESPONSE (call_id=%d, name=%s)"
+            args: [call_id, name.c_str()]
+        - api.respond:
+            data: !lambda |-
+              root["greeting"] = "Hello, " + name + "!";
+              root["length"] = name.length();
+
+    # Test action with nested JSON response
+    - action: action_nested_json
+      supports_response: only
+      then:
+        - logger.log:
+            format: "ACTION_NESTED_JSON (call_id=%d)"
+            args: [call_id]
+        - api.respond:
+            data: !lambda |-
+              root["config"]["wifi"]["connected"] = true;
+              root["config"]["api"]["port"] = 6053;
+              root["items"][0] = "first";
+              root["items"][1] = "second";

tests/integration/fixtures/api_action_timeout.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+esphome:
+  name: api-action-timeout-test
+  # Use a short timeout for testing (500ms instead of 30s)
+  platformio_options:
+    build_flags:
+      - "-DUSE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS=500"
+
+host:
+
+logger:
+  level: DEBUG
+
+api:
+  actions:
+    # Action that responds immediately - should work fine
+    - action: action_immediate
+      supports_response: only
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "ACTION_IMMEDIATE responding"
+        - api.respond:
+            data: !lambda |-
+              root["status"] = "immediate";
+
+    # Action that delays 200ms before responding - should work (within 500ms timeout)
+    - action: action_short_delay
+      supports_response: only
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "ACTION_SHORT_DELAY starting"
+        - delay: 200ms
+        - logger.log: "ACTION_SHORT_DELAY responding"
+        - api.respond:
+            data: !lambda |-
+              root["status"] = "short_delay";
+
+    # Action that delays 1s before responding - should fail (exceeds 500ms timeout)
+    # The api.respond will log a warning because the action call was already cleaned up
+    - action: action_long_delay
+      supports_response: only
+      then:
+        - logger.log: "ACTION_LONG_DELAY starting"
+        - delay: 1s
+        - logger.log: "ACTION_LONG_DELAY responding (after timeout)"
+        - api.respond:
+            data: !lambda |-
+              root["status"] = "long_delay";

tests/integration/test_api_action_responses.py

@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+"""Integration test for API action responses feature.
+
+Tests the supports_response modes: none, status, optional, only.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import json
+import re
+
+from aioesphomeapi import SupportsResponseType, UserService, UserServiceArgType
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_action_responses(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test API action response modes work correctly."""
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track log messages for each action type
+    no_response_future = loop.create_future()
+    status_success_future = loop.create_future()
+    status_error_future = loop.create_future()
+    optional_response_future = loop.create_future()
+    only_response_future = loop.create_future()
+    nested_json_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Patterns to match in logs
+    no_response_pattern = re.compile(r"ACTION_NO_RESPONSE called with: test_message")
+    status_success_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"ACTION_STATUS_RESPONSE success \(call_id=\d+\)"
+    )
+    status_error_pattern = re.compile(r"ACTION_STATUS_RESPONSE error \(call_id=\d+\)")
+    optional_response_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"ACTION_OPTIONAL_RESPONSE \(call_id=\d+, return_response=\d+, value=42\)"
+    )
+    only_response_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"ACTION_ONLY_RESPONSE \(call_id=\d+, name=World\)"
+    )
+    nested_json_pattern = re.compile(r"ACTION_NESTED_JSON \(call_id=\d+\)")
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check log output for expected messages."""
+        if not no_response_future.done() and no_response_pattern.search(line):
+            no_response_future.set_result(True)
+        elif not status_success_future.done() and status_success_pattern.search(line):
+            status_success_future.set_result(True)
+        elif not status_error_future.done() and status_error_pattern.search(line):
+            status_error_future.set_result(True)
+        elif not optional_response_future.done() and optional_response_pattern.search(
+            line
+        ):
+            optional_response_future.set_result(True)
+        elif not only_response_future.done() and only_response_pattern.search(line):
+            only_response_future.set_result(True)
+        elif not nested_json_future.done() and nested_json_pattern.search(line):
+            nested_json_future.set_result(True)
+
+    # Run with log monitoring
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # Verify device info
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "api-action-responses-test"
+
+        # List services
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        # Should have 5 services
+        assert len(services) == 5, f"Expected 5 services, found {len(services)}"
+
+        # Find our services
+        action_no_response: UserService | None = None
+        action_status_response: UserService | None = None
+        action_optional_response: UserService | None = None
+        action_only_response: UserService | None = None
+        action_nested_json: UserService | None = None
+
+        for service in services:
+            if service.name == "action_no_response":
+                action_no_response = service
+            elif service.name == "action_status_response":
+                action_status_response = service
+            elif service.name == "action_optional_response":
+                action_optional_response = service
+            elif service.name == "action_only_response":
+                action_only_response = service
+            elif service.name == "action_nested_json":
+                action_nested_json = service
+
+        assert action_no_response is not None, "action_no_response not found"
+        assert action_status_response is not None, "action_status_response not found"
+        assert action_optional_response is not None, (
+            "action_optional_response not found"
+        )
+        assert action_only_response is not None, "action_only_response not found"
+        assert action_nested_json is not None, "action_nested_json not found"
+
+        # Verify supports_response modes
+        assert action_no_response.supports_response is None or (
+            action_no_response.supports_response == SupportsResponseType.NONE
+        ), (
+            f"action_no_response should have supports_response=NONE, got {action_no_response.supports_response}"
+        )
+
+        assert (
+            action_status_response.supports_response == SupportsResponseType.STATUS
+        ), (
+            f"action_status_response should have supports_response=STATUS, "
+            f"got {action_status_response.supports_response}"
+        )
+
+        assert (
+            action_optional_response.supports_response == SupportsResponseType.OPTIONAL
+        ), (
+            f"action_optional_response should have supports_response=OPTIONAL, "
+            f"got {action_optional_response.supports_response}"
+        )
+
+        assert action_only_response.supports_response == SupportsResponseType.ONLY, (
+            f"action_only_response should have supports_response=ONLY, "
+            f"got {action_only_response.supports_response}"
+        )
+
+        assert action_nested_json.supports_response == SupportsResponseType.ONLY, (
+            f"action_nested_json should have supports_response=ONLY, "
+            f"got {action_nested_json.supports_response}"
+        )
+
+        # Verify argument types
+        # action_no_response: string message
+        assert len(action_no_response.args) == 1
+        assert action_no_response.args[0].name == "message"
+        assert action_no_response.args[0].type == UserServiceArgType.STRING
+
+        # action_status_response: bool should_succeed
+        assert len(action_status_response.args) == 1
+        assert action_status_response.args[0].name == "should_succeed"
+        assert action_status_response.args[0].type == UserServiceArgType.BOOL
+
+        # action_optional_response: int value
+        assert len(action_optional_response.args) == 1
+        assert action_optional_response.args[0].name == "value"
+        assert action_optional_response.args[0].type == UserServiceArgType.INT
+
+        # action_only_response: string name
+        assert len(action_only_response.args) == 1
+        assert action_only_response.args[0].name == "name"
+        assert action_only_response.args[0].type == UserServiceArgType.STRING
+
+        # action_nested_json: no args
+        assert len(action_nested_json.args) == 0
+
+        # Test action_no_response (supports_response: none)
+        # No response expected for this action
+        response = await client.execute_service(
+            action_no_response, {"message": "test_message"}
+        )
+        assert response is None, "action_no_response should not return a response"
+        await asyncio.wait_for(no_response_future, timeout=5.0)
+
+        # Test action_status_response with success (supports_response: status)
+        response = await client.execute_service(
+            action_status_response,
+            {"should_succeed": True},
+            return_response=True,
+        )
+        await asyncio.wait_for(status_success_future, timeout=5.0)
+        assert response is not None, "Expected response for status action"
+        assert response.success is True, (
+            f"Expected success=True, got {response.success}"
+        )
+        assert response.error_message == "", (
+            f"Expected empty error_message, got '{response.error_message}'"
+        )
+
+        # Test action_status_response with error
+        response = await client.execute_service(
+            action_status_response,
+            {"should_succeed": False},
+            return_response=True,
+        )
+        await asyncio.wait_for(status_error_future, timeout=5.0)
+        assert response is not None, "Expected response for status action"
+        assert response.success is False, (
+            f"Expected success=False, got {response.success}"
+        )
+        assert "Intentional failure" in response.error_message, (
+            f"Expected error message containing 'Intentional failure', "
+            f"got '{response.error_message}'"
+        )
+
+        # Test action_optional_response (supports_response: optional)
+        response = await client.execute_service(
+            action_optional_response,
+            {"value": 42},
+            return_response=True,
+        )
+        await asyncio.wait_for(optional_response_future, timeout=5.0)
+        assert response is not None, "Expected response for optional action"
+        assert response.success is True, (
+            f"Expected success=True, got {response.success}"
+        )
+        # Parse response data as JSON
+        response_json = json.loads(response.response_data.decode("utf-8"))
+        assert response_json["input"] == 42, (
+            f"Expected input=42, got {response_json.get('input')}"
+        )
+        assert response_json["doubled"] == 84, (
+            f"Expected doubled=84, got {response_json.get('doubled')}"
+        )
+
+        # Test action_only_response (supports_response: only)
+        response = await client.execute_service(
+            action_only_response,
+            {"name": "World"},
+            return_response=True,
+        )
+        await asyncio.wait_for(only_response_future, timeout=5.0)
+        assert response is not None, "Expected response for only action"
+        assert response.success is True, (
+            f"Expected success=True, got {response.success}"
+        )
+        response_json = json.loads(response.response_data.decode("utf-8"))
+        assert response_json["greeting"] == "Hello, World!", (
+            f"Expected greeting='Hello, World!', got {response_json.get('greeting')}"
+        )
+        assert response_json["length"] == 5, (
+            f"Expected length=5, got {response_json.get('length')}"
+        )
+
+        # Test action_nested_json
+        response = await client.execute_service(
+            action_nested_json,
+            {},
+            return_response=True,
+        )
+        await asyncio.wait_for(nested_json_future, timeout=5.0)
+        assert response is not None, "Expected response for nested json action"
+        assert response.success is True, (
+            f"Expected success=True, got {response.success}"
+        )
+        response_json = json.loads(response.response_data.decode("utf-8"))
+        # Verify nested structure
+        assert response_json["config"]["wifi"]["connected"] is True
+        assert response_json["config"]["api"]["port"] == 6053
+        assert response_json["items"][0] == "first"
+        assert response_json["items"][1] == "second"

tests/integration/test_api_action_timeout.py

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""Integration test for API action call timeout functionality.
+
+Tests that action calls are automatically cleaned up after timeout,
+and that late responses are handled gracefully.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import contextlib
+import re
+
+from aioesphomeapi import UserService
+import pytest
+
+from .types import APIClientConnectedFactory, RunCompiledFunction
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_api_action_timeout(
+    yaml_config: str,
+    run_compiled: RunCompiledFunction,
+    api_client_connected: APIClientConnectedFactory,
+) -> None:
+    """Test API action call timeout behavior.
+
+    This test uses a 500ms timeout (set via USE_API_ACTION_CALL_TIMEOUT_MS define)
+    to verify:
+    1. Actions that respond within the timeout work correctly
+    2. Actions that exceed the timeout have their calls cleaned up
+    3. Late responses log a warning but don't crash
+    """
+    loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+
+    # Track log messages
+    immediate_future = loop.create_future()
+    short_delay_responding_future = loop.create_future()
+    long_delay_starting_future = loop.create_future()
+    long_delay_responding_future = loop.create_future()
+    timeout_warning_future = loop.create_future()
+
+    # Patterns to match in logs
+    immediate_pattern = re.compile(r"ACTION_IMMEDIATE responding")
+    short_delay_responding_pattern = re.compile(r"ACTION_SHORT_DELAY responding")
+    long_delay_starting_pattern = re.compile(r"ACTION_LONG_DELAY starting")
+    long_delay_responding_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"ACTION_LONG_DELAY responding \(after timeout\)"
+    )
+    # This warning is logged when api.respond is called after the action call timed out
+    timeout_warning_pattern = re.compile(
+        r"Cannot send response: no active call found for action_call_id"
+    )
+
+    def check_output(line: str) -> None:
+        """Check log output for expected messages."""
+        if not immediate_future.done() and immediate_pattern.search(line):
+            immediate_future.set_result(True)
+        elif (
+            not short_delay_responding_future.done()
+            and short_delay_responding_pattern.search(line)
+        ):
+            short_delay_responding_future.set_result(True)
+        elif (
+            not long_delay_starting_future.done()
+            and long_delay_starting_pattern.search(line)
+        ):
+            long_delay_starting_future.set_result(True)
+        elif (
+            not long_delay_responding_future.done()
+            and long_delay_responding_pattern.search(line)
+        ):
+            long_delay_responding_future.set_result(True)
+        elif not timeout_warning_future.done() and timeout_warning_pattern.search(line):
+            timeout_warning_future.set_result(True)
+
+    # Run with log monitoring
+    async with (
+        run_compiled(yaml_config, line_callback=check_output),
+        api_client_connected() as client,
+    ):
+        # Verify device info
+        device_info = await client.device_info()
+        assert device_info is not None
+        assert device_info.name == "api-action-timeout-test"
+
+        # List services
+        _, services = await client.list_entities_services()
+
+        # Should have 3 services
+        assert len(services) == 3, f"Expected 3 services, found {len(services)}"
+
+        # Find our services
+        action_immediate: UserService | None = None
+        action_short_delay: UserService | None = None
+        action_long_delay: UserService | None = None
+
+        for service in services:
+            if service.name == "action_immediate":
+                action_immediate = service
+            elif service.name == "action_short_delay":
+                action_short_delay = service
+            elif service.name == "action_long_delay":
+                action_long_delay = service
+
+        assert action_immediate is not None, "action_immediate not found"
+        assert action_short_delay is not None, "action_short_delay not found"
+        assert action_long_delay is not None, "action_long_delay not found"
+
+        # Test 1: Immediate response should work
+        response = await client.execute_service(
+            action_immediate,
+            {},
+            return_response=True,
+        )
+        await asyncio.wait_for(immediate_future, timeout=1.0)
+        assert response is not None, "Expected response for immediate action"
+        assert response.success is True
+
+        # Test 2: Short delay (200ms) should work within the 500ms timeout
+        response = await client.execute_service(
+            action_short_delay,
+            {},
+            return_response=True,
+        )
+        await asyncio.wait_for(short_delay_responding_future, timeout=1.0)
+        assert response is not None, "Expected response for short delay action"
+        assert response.success is True
+
+        # Test 3: Long delay (1s) should exceed the 500ms timeout
+        # The server-side timeout will clean up the action call after 500ms
+        # The client will timeout waiting for the response
+        # When the action finally tries to respond after 1s, it will log a warning
+
+        # Start the long delay action (don't await it fully - it will timeout)
+        long_delay_task = asyncio.create_task(
+            client.execute_service(
+                action_long_delay,
+                {},
+                return_response=True,
+                timeout=2.0,  # Give client enough time to see the late response attempt
+            )
+        )
+
+        # Wait for the action to start
+        await asyncio.wait_for(long_delay_starting_future, timeout=1.0)
+
+        # Wait for the action to try to respond (after 1s delay)
+        await asyncio.wait_for(long_delay_responding_future, timeout=2.0)
+
+        # Wait for the warning log about no active call
+        await asyncio.wait_for(timeout_warning_future, timeout=1.0)
+
+        # The client task should complete (either with None response or timeout)
+        # Client timing out is acceptable - the server-side timeout already cleaned up the call
+        with contextlib.suppress(TimeoutError):
+            await asyncio.wait_for(long_delay_task, timeout=1.0)
+
+        # Verify the system is still functional after the timeout
+        # Call the immediate action again to prove cleanup worked
+        immediate_future_2 = loop.create_future()
+
+        def check_output_2(line: str) -> None:
+            if not immediate_future_2.done() and immediate_pattern.search(line):
+                immediate_future_2.set_result(True)
+
+        response = await client.execute_service(
+            action_immediate,
+            {},
+            return_response=True,
+        )
+        assert response is not None, "System should still work after timeout"
+        assert response.success is True

tests/integration/test_api_conditional_memory.py

@@ -88,13 +88,13 @@ async def test_api_conditional_memory(
             assert arg_types["arg_float"] == UserServiceArgType.FLOAT
 
             # Call simple service
-            client.execute_service(simple_service, {})
+            await client.execute_service(simple_service, {})
 
             # Wait for service log
             await asyncio.wait_for(service_simple_future, timeout=5.0)
 
             # Call service with arguments
-            client.execute_service(
+            await client.execute_service(
                 service_with_args,
                 {
                     "arg_string": "test_string",

tests/integration/test_api_custom_services.py

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ async def test_api_custom_services(
         assert custom_arrays_service is not None, "custom_service_with_arrays not found"
 
         # Test YAML service
-        client.execute_service(yaml_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(yaml_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(yaml_service_future, timeout=5.0)
 
         # Verify YAML service with args arguments
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ async def test_api_custom_services(
         assert yaml_args_types["my_string"] == UserServiceArgType.STRING
 
         # Test YAML service with arguments
-        client.execute_service(
+        await client.execute_service(
             yaml_args_service,
             {
                 "my_int": 123,
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ async def test_api_custom_services(
         assert yaml_many_args_types["arg4"] == UserServiceArgType.STRING
 
         # Test YAML service with many arguments
-        client.execute_service(
+        await client.execute_service(
             yaml_many_args_service,
             {
                 "arg1": 42,
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ async def test_api_custom_services(
         await asyncio.wait_for(yaml_many_args_future, timeout=5.0)
 
         # Test simple CustomAPIDevice service
-        client.execute_service(custom_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(custom_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(custom_service_future, timeout=5.0)
 
         # Verify custom_args_service arguments
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ async def test_api_custom_services(
         assert arg_types["arg_float"] == UserServiceArgType.FLOAT
 
         # Test CustomAPIDevice service with arguments
-        client.execute_service(
+        await client.execute_service(
             custom_args_service,
             {
                 "arg_string": "test_string",
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ async def test_api_custom_services(
         assert array_arg_types["string_array"] == UserServiceArgType.STRING_ARRAY
 
         # Test CustomAPIDevice service with arrays
-        client.execute_service(
+        await client.execute_service(
             custom_arrays_service,
             {
                 "bool_array": [True, False],

tests/integration/test_api_homeassistant.py

@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ async def test_api_homeassistant(
         assert trigger_service is not None, "trigger_all_tests service not found"
 
         # Execute all tests
-        client.execute_service(trigger_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(trigger_service, {})
 
         # Wait for all tests to complete with appropriate timeouts
         try:

tests/integration/test_api_string_lambda.py

@@ -75,10 +75,12 @@ async def test_api_string_lambda(
         assert char_ptr_service is not None, "test_char_ptr_lambda service not found"
 
         # Execute all four services to test different lambda return types
-        client.execute_service(string_service, {"input_string": "STRING_FROM_LAMBDA"})
+        await client.execute_service(
-        client.execute_service(int_service, {"input_number": 42})
+            string_service, {"input_string": "STRING_FROM_LAMBDA"}
-        client.execute_service(float_service, {"input_float": 3.14})
+        )
-        client.execute_service(
+        await client.execute_service(int_service, {"input_number": 42})
+        await client.execute_service(float_service, {"input_float": 3.14})
+        await client.execute_service(
             char_ptr_service, {"input_number": 123, "input_string": "test_string"}
         )
 

tests/integration/test_automation_wait_actions.py

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ async def test_automation_wait_actions(
         # Test 1: wait_until in automation - trigger 5 times rapidly
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_wait_until"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_wait_until service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test1_complete, timeout=3.0)
 
         # Verify Test 1: All 5 triggers should complete
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ async def test_automation_wait_actions(
         # Test 2: script.wait in automation - trigger 5 times rapidly
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_script_wait"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_script_wait service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test2_complete, timeout=3.0)
 
         # Verify Test 2: All 5 triggers should complete
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ async def test_automation_wait_actions(
             (s for s in services if s.name == "test_wait_timeout"), None
         )
         assert test_service is not None, "test_wait_timeout service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test3_complete, timeout=3.0)
 
         # Verify Test 3: All 5 triggers should timeout and complete

tests/integration/test_automations.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ async def test_delay_action_cancellation(
         assert test_service is not None, "start_delay_then_restart service not found"
 
         # Execute the test sequence
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for the second script to start
         await asyncio.wait_for(second_script_started, timeout=5.0)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ async def test_parallel_script_delays(
         assert test_service is not None, "test_parallel_delays service not found"
 
         # Execute the test - this will start 3 parallel scripts with 1 second delays
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for all scripts to complete (should take ~1 second, not 3)
         await asyncio.wait_for(all_scripts_completed, timeout=2.0)

tests/integration/test_continuation_actions.py

@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ async def test_continuation_actions(
         # Test 1: IfAction with then branch
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_if_action"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_if_action service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {"condition": True, "value": 42})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {"condition": True, "value": 42})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test1_complete, timeout=2.0)
         assert test_results["if_then"], "IfAction then branch not executed"
         assert test_results["if_complete"], "IfAction did not complete"
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ async def test_continuation_actions(
         # Test 1b: IfAction with else branch
         test1_complete = loop.create_future()
         test_results["if_complete"] = False
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {"condition": False, "value": 99})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {"condition": False, "value": 99})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test1_complete, timeout=2.0)
         assert test_results["if_else"], "IfAction else branch not executed"
         assert test_results["if_complete"], "IfAction did not complete"
@@ -160,14 +160,14 @@ async def test_continuation_actions(
         assert test_service is not None, "test_nested_if service not found"
 
         # Both true
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {"outer": True, "inner": True})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {"outer": True, "inner": True})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test2_complete, timeout=2.0)
         assert test_results["nested_both_true"], "Nested both true not executed"
 
         # Outer true, inner false
         test2_complete = loop.create_future()
         test_results["nested_complete"] = False
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {"outer": True, "inner": False})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {"outer": True, "inner": False})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test2_complete, timeout=2.0)
         assert test_results["nested_outer_true_inner_false"], (
             "Nested outer true inner false not executed"
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ async def test_continuation_actions(
         # Outer false
         test2_complete = loop.create_future()
         test_results["nested_complete"] = False
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {"outer": False, "inner": True})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {"outer": False, "inner": True})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test2_complete, timeout=2.0)
         assert test_results["nested_outer_false"], "Nested outer false not executed"
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ async def test_continuation_actions(
             (s for s in services if s.name == "test_while_action"), None
         )
         assert test_service is not None, "test_while_action service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {"max_count": 3})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {"max_count": 3})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test3_complete, timeout=2.0)
         assert test_results["while_iterations"] == 3, (
             f"WhileAction expected 3 iterations, got {test_results['while_iterations']}"
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ async def test_continuation_actions(
             (s for s in services if s.name == "test_repeat_action"), None
         )
         assert test_service is not None, "test_repeat_action service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {"count": 5})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {"count": 5})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test4_complete, timeout=2.0)
         assert test_results["repeat_iterations"] == 5, (
             f"RepeatAction expected 5 iterations, got {test_results['repeat_iterations']}"
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ async def test_continuation_actions(
         # Test 5: Combined (if + repeat + while)
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_combined"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_combined service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {"do_loop": True, "loop_count": 2})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {"do_loop": True, "loop_count": 2})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test5_complete, timeout=2.0)
         # Should execute: repeat 2 times, each iteration does while from iteration down to 0
         # iteration 0: while 0 times = 0
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ async def test_continuation_actions(
         # Test 6: Rapid triggers (tests memory efficiency of ContinuationAction)
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_rapid_if"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_rapid_if service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test6_complete, timeout=2.0)
         # Values 1, 2 should hit else (<=2), values 3, 4, 5 should hit then (>2)
         assert test_results["rapid_else"] == 2, (

tests/integration/test_scheduler_bulk_cleanup.py

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_bulk_cleanup(
         )
 
         # Execute the test
-        client.execute_service(trigger_bulk_cleanup_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(trigger_bulk_cleanup_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test completion
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_cancel.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_defer_cancel(
         client.subscribe_states(on_state)
 
         # Execute the test
-        client.execute_service(test_defer_cancel_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_defer_cancel_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test completion
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_cancel_regular.py

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_defer_cancels_regular(
         assert test_service is not None, "test_defer_cancels_regular service not found"
 
         # Execute the test
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test completion
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_fifo_simple.py

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_defer_fifo_simple(
         client.subscribe_states(on_state)
 
         # Test 1: Test set_timeout(0)
-        client.execute_service(test_set_timeout_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_set_timeout_service, {})
 
         # Wait for first test completion
         try:
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_defer_fifo_simple(
         test_result_future = loop.create_future()
 
         # Test 2: Test defer()
-        client.execute_service(test_defer_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_defer_service, {})
 
         # Wait for second test completion
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_defer_stress.py

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_defer_stress(
         assert run_stress_test_service is not None, "run_stress_test service not found"
 
         # Call the run_stress_test service to start the test
-        client.execute_service(run_stress_test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(run_stress_test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for all defers to execute (should be quick)
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_heap_stress.py

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_heap_stress(
         )
 
         # Call the run_heap_stress_test service to start the test
-        client.execute_service(run_stress_test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(run_stress_test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for all callbacks to execute (should be quick, but give more time for scheduling)
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_null_name.py

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_null_name(
         assert test_null_name_service is not None, "test_null_name service not found"
 
         # Execute the test
-        client.execute_service(test_null_name_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_null_name_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test completion
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_pool.py

@@ -120,42 +120,42 @@ async def test_scheduler_pool(
 
         try:
             # Phase 1: Component lifecycle
-            client.execute_service(phase_services[1], {})
+            await client.execute_service(phase_services[1], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(phase_futures[1], timeout=1.0)
             await asyncio.sleep(0.05)  # Let timeouts complete
 
             # Phase 2: Sensor polling
-            client.execute_service(phase_services[2], {})
+            await client.execute_service(phase_services[2], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(phase_futures[2], timeout=1.0)
             await asyncio.sleep(0.1)  # Let intervals run a bit
 
             # Phase 3: Communication patterns
-            client.execute_service(phase_services[3], {})
+            await client.execute_service(phase_services[3], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(phase_futures[3], timeout=1.0)
             await asyncio.sleep(0.1)  # Let heartbeat run
 
             # Phase 4: Defer patterns
-            client.execute_service(phase_services[4], {})
+            await client.execute_service(phase_services[4], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(phase_futures[4], timeout=1.0)
             await asyncio.sleep(0.2)  # Let everything settle and recycle
 
             # Phase 5: Pool reuse verification
-            client.execute_service(phase_services[5], {})
+            await client.execute_service(phase_services[5], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(phase_futures[5], timeout=1.0)
             await asyncio.sleep(0.1)  # Let Phase 5 timeouts complete and recycle
 
             # Phase 6: Full pool reuse verification
-            client.execute_service(phase_services[6], {})
+            await client.execute_service(phase_services[6], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(phase_futures[6], timeout=1.0)
             await asyncio.sleep(0.1)  # Let Phase 6 timeouts complete
 
             # Phase 7: Same-named defer optimization
-            client.execute_service(phase_services[7], {})
+            await client.execute_service(phase_services[7], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(phase_futures[7], timeout=1.0)
             await asyncio.sleep(0.05)  # Let the single defer execute
 
             # Complete test
-            client.execute_service(complete_service, {})
+            await client.execute_service(complete_service, {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(test_complete_future, timeout=0.5)
 
         except TimeoutError as e:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_rapid_cancellation.py

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_rapid_cancellation(
         )
 
         # Call the service to start the test
-        client.execute_service(run_test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(run_test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test to complete with timeout
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_recursive_timeout.py

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_recursive_timeout(
         )
 
         # Call the service to start the test
-        client.execute_service(run_test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(run_test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test to complete
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_removed_item_race.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_removed_item_race(
         assert run_test_service is not None, "run_test service not found"
 
         # Execute the test
-        client.execute_service(run_test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(run_test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test completion
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks.py

@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_simultaneous_callbacks(
         )
 
         # Call the service to start the test
-        client.execute_service(run_test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(run_test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test to complete
         try:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_string_lifetime.py

@@ -134,27 +134,27 @@ async def test_scheduler_string_lifetime(
         # Run tests sequentially, waiting for each to complete
         try:
             # Test 1
-            client.execute_service(test_services["test1"], {})
+            await client.execute_service(test_services["test1"], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(test1_complete.wait(), timeout=5.0)
 
             # Test 2
-            client.execute_service(test_services["test2"], {})
+            await client.execute_service(test_services["test2"], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(test2_complete.wait(), timeout=5.0)
 
             # Test 3
-            client.execute_service(test_services["test3"], {})
+            await client.execute_service(test_services["test3"], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(test3_complete.wait(), timeout=5.0)
 
             # Test 4
-            client.execute_service(test_services["test4"], {})
+            await client.execute_service(test_services["test4"], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(test4_complete.wait(), timeout=5.0)
 
             # Test 5
-            client.execute_service(test_services["test5"], {})
+            await client.execute_service(test_services["test5"], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(test5_complete.wait(), timeout=5.0)
 
             # Final check
-            client.execute_service(test_services["final"], {})
+            await client.execute_service(test_services["final"], {})
             await asyncio.wait_for(all_tests_complete.wait(), timeout=5.0)
 
         except TimeoutError:

tests/integration/test_scheduler_string_name_stress.py

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ async def test_scheduler_string_name_stress(
         )
 
         # Call the service to start the test
-        client.execute_service(run_stress_test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(run_stress_test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test to complete or crash
         try:

tests/integration/test_script_delay_params.py

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ async def test_script_delay_with_params(
         assert test_service is not None, "test_repeat_with_delay service not found"
 
         # Execute the test
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test to complete (10 iterations * ~100ms each + margin)
         try:

tests/integration/test_script_queued.py

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ async def test_script_queued(
         # Test 1: Queue depth limit
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_queue_depth"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_queue_depth service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test1_complete, timeout=2.0)
         await asyncio.sleep(0.1)  # Give time for rejections
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ async def test_script_queued(
         # Test 2: Ring buffer order
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_ring_buffer"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_ring_buffer service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test2_complete, timeout=2.0)
 
         # Verify Test 2
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ async def test_script_queued(
         # Test 3: Stop clears queue
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_stop_clears"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_stop_clears service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test3_complete, timeout=2.0)
 
         # Verify Test 3
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ async def test_script_queued(
         # Test 4: Rejection enforcement (max_runs=3)
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_rejection"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_rejection service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test4_complete, timeout=2.0)
         await asyncio.sleep(0.1)  # Give time for rejections
 
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ async def test_script_queued(
         # Test 5: No parameters
         test_service = next((s for s in services if s.name == "test_no_params"), None)
         assert test_service is not None, "test_no_params service not found"
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
         await asyncio.wait_for(test5_complete, timeout=2.0)
 
         # Verify Test 5

tests/integration/test_wait_until_mid_loop_timing.py

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ async def test_wait_until_mid_loop_timing(
         assert test_service is not None, "test_mid_loop_timeout service not found"
 
         # Execute the test
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test to complete (100ms delay + 200ms timeout + margins = ~500ms)
         await asyncio.wait_for(test_complete, timeout=5.0)

tests/integration/test_wait_until_on_boot.py

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ async def test_wait_until_on_boot(
         )
         assert set_flag_service is not None, "set_test_flag service not found"
 
-        client.execute_service(set_flag_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(set_flag_service, {})
 
         # If the fix works, wait_until's loop() will check the condition and proceed
         # If the bug exists, wait_until is stuck with disabled loop and will timeout

tests/integration/test_wait_until_ordering.py

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ async def test_wait_until_fifo_ordering(
         assert test_service is not None, "test_wait_until_fifo service not found"
 
         # Execute the test
-        client.execute_service(test_service, {})
+        await client.execute_service(test_service, {})
 
         # Wait for test to complete
         try: