[uart] Store static data in flash and use function pointers for lambdas

esphome/components/uart/__init__.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ from esphome.const import (
     PLATFORM_HOST,
     PlatformFramework,
 )
-from esphome.core import CORE
+from esphome.core import CORE, ID
 import esphome.final_validate as fv
 from esphome.yaml_util import make_data_base
 
@@ -446,7 +446,10 @@ async def uart_write_to_code(config, action_id, template_arg, args):
         templ = await cg.templatable(data, args, cg.std_vector.template(cg.uint8))
         cg.add(var.set_data_template(templ))
     else:
-        cg.add(var.set_data_static(cg.ArrayInitializer(*data)))
+        # Generate static array in flash to avoid RAM copy
+        arr_id = ID(f"{action_id}_data", is_declaration=True, type=cg.uint8)
+        arr = cg.static_const_array(arr_id, cg.ArrayInitializer(*data))
+        cg.add(var.set_data_static(arr, len(data)))
     return var
 
 

esphome/components/uart/automation.h

@@ -10,32 +10,38 @@ namespace uart {
 
 template<typename... Ts> class UARTWriteAction : public Action<Ts...>, public Parented<UARTComponent> {
  public:
-  void set_data_template(std::function<std::vector<uint8_t>(Ts...)> func) {
+  void set_data_template(std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...)) {
-    this->data_func_ = func;
+    // Stateless lambdas (generated by ESPHome) implicitly convert to function pointers
+    this->data_.func = func;
     this->static_ = false;
   }
-  void set_data_static(std::vector<uint8_t> &&data) {
+
-    this->data_static_ = std::move(data);
+  // Store pointer to static data in flash (no RAM copy)
-    this->static_ = true;
+  void set_data_static(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
-  }
+    // Simply set pointer and length - no construction needed for POD types
-  void set_data_static(std::initializer_list<uint8_t> data) {
+    this->data_.static_data.ptr = data;
-    this->data_static_ = std::vector<uint8_t>(data);
+    this->data_.static_data.len = len;
     this->static_ = true;
   }
 
   void play(const Ts &...x) override {
     if (this->static_) {
-      this->parent_->write_array(this->data_static_);
+      this->parent_->write_array(this->data_.static_data.ptr, this->data_.static_data.len);
     } else {
-      auto val = this->data_func_(x...);
+      auto val = this->data_.func(x...);
       this->parent_->write_array(val);
     }
   }
 
  protected:
-  bool static_{false};
+  bool static_{true};  // Default to static mode (most common case)
-  std::function<std::vector<uint8_t>(Ts...)> data_func_{};
+  union Data {
-  std::vector<uint8_t> data_static_{};
+    std::vector<uint8_t> (*func)(Ts...);  // Function pointer (stateless lambdas)
+    struct {
+      const uint8_t *ptr;
+      size_t len;
+    } static_data;
+  } data_;
 };
 
 }  // namespace uart