diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
index b2952d7995..0b559f6c54 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/__init__.py
@@ -432,6 +432,7 @@ async def to_code(config):
         if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == UART1:
             zephyr_add_overlay("""&uart1 { status = "okay";};""")
         if config[CONF_HARDWARE_UART] == USB_CDC:
+            cg.add_define("USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC")
             zephyr_add_prj_conf("UART_LINE_CTRL", True)
             zephyr_add_cdc_acm(config, 0)
 
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
index e1b49bcb61..2cde4cdb73 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.cpp
@@ -170,19 +170,19 @@ void Logger::init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size) {
   // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-owning-memory) - allocated once, never freed
   this->log_buffer_ = new logger::TaskLogBuffer(total_buffer_size);
 
-// Zephyr needs loop working to check when CDC port is open
-#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
-  // Start with loop disabled when using task buffer (unless using USB CDC on ESP32)
+#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
+  // Start with loop disabled when using task buffer
   // The loop will be enabled automatically when messages arrive
+  // Zephyr with USB CDC needs loop active to poll port readiness via cdc_loop_()
   this->disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_();
 #endif
 }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
+#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
 void Logger::loop() {
   this->process_messages_();
-#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC)
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC)
   this->cdc_loop_();
 #endif
 }
@@ -204,8 +204,7 @@ void Logger::process_messages_() {
       this->write_log_buffer_to_console_(buf);
     }
   }
-// Zephyr needs loop working to check when CDC port is open
-#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
+#if !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
   else {
     // No messages to process, disable loop if appropriate
     // This reduces overhead when there's no async logging activity
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
index 2a7552af92..72a1bbca77 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger.h
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
 #ifdef USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
   void init_log_buffer(size_t total_buffer_size);
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
+#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) || (defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
   void loop() override;
 #endif
   /// Manually set the baud rate for serial, set to 0 to disable.
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   void log_vprintf_non_main_thread_(uint8_t level, const char *tag, int line, const char *format, va_list args,
                                     const char *thread_name);
 #endif
-#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC)
+#if defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC)
   void cdc_loop_();
 #endif
   void process_messages_();
@@ -464,9 +464,9 @@ class Logger : public Component {
   inline RecursionGuard make_non_main_task_guard_() { return RecursionGuard(non_main_task_recursion_guard_); }
 #endif
 
-// Zephyr needs loop working to check when CDC port is open
-#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) && !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) || defined(USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC))
-  // Disable loop when task buffer is empty (with USB CDC check on ESP32)
+#if defined(USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER) && !(defined(USE_ZEPHYR) && defined(USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC))
+  // Disable loop when task buffer is empty
+  // Zephyr with USB CDC needs loop active to poll port readiness via cdc_loop_()
   inline void disable_loop_when_buffer_empty_() {
     // Thread safety note: This is safe even if another task calls enable_loop_soon_any_context()
     // concurrently. If that happens between our check and disable_loop(), the enable request
diff --git a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
index f565c5760c..31506c2fc0 100644
--- a/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
+++ b/esphome/components/logger/logger_zephyr.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ namespace esphome::logger {
 
 static const char *const TAG = "logger";
 
-#ifdef USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+#ifdef USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
 void Logger::cdc_loop_() {
   if (this->uart_ != UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC || this->uart_dev_ == nullptr) {
     return;
diff --git a/esphome/core/defines.h b/esphome/core/defines.h
index a7fb9f197c..9de36c9fcc 100644
--- a/esphome/core/defines.h
+++ b/esphome/core/defines.h
@@ -270,10 +270,12 @@
 
 #if defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S2)
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+#define USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
 #elif defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C3) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C5) || \
     defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C6) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32C61) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32H2) || \
     defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32P4) || defined(USE_ESP32_VARIANT_ESP32S3)
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
+#define USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
 #define USE_LOGGER_USB_SERIAL_JTAG
 #endif
 #endif
@@ -334,6 +336,8 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_NRF52
 #define USE_ESPHOME_TASK_LOG_BUFFER
+#define USE_LOGGER_UART_SELECTION_USB_CDC
+#define USE_LOGGER_USB_CDC
 #define USE_NRF52_DFU
 #define USE_NRF52_REG0_VOUT 5
 #define USE_NRF52_UICR_ERASE